Iosif Flavy: engobomi, ubomi yakho, iifoto

Ngowe-'37, xa eRoma kutshanje wenyuka etroneni Gay Kaligula, owazalelwa kwelakwaYuda iosif Flavy. Eli gama - uguqulelo waseRoma, nto kakhulu kamva. Ekuzalweni, umntwana igama Yosef ben Matityahu.

imvelaphi

Yena wayevela kwintsapho amanene. Uyise waba ngumbingeleli ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kunye nomama wakhe egazini yobukhosi ubukhosi yamaYuda yeeMaccabees. Apha kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba isihloko bawela phantsi umgca oyindoda, kwaye lol isithethe kusapho olu hlanga - imazi. Ngoko ke, koko kweminye imithombo akazange akholelwe ukuba iosif Flavy begazi.

Kanti ke noko wakhokela ubomi ngumfana amanene. Khawukhangele nje ukuyilwa UFlavia. Wayesazi ulwimi isiGrike, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo uya kubhala imisebenzi yakhe.

Education and umsebenzi

Kuloo minyaka, kwaYuda ezithandwayo amahlelo amaninzi kunye neemfundiso zonqulo. Umzekelo, ukukhokela Christian ngokwaneleyo. Iosif Flavy kwakhona kwiminyaka eli-16, qala wajoyina namaEssene kwaye wachitha iminyaka emithathu abe yedwa.

Ekupheleni kwale nkwenkwe iminyaka elishumi ubudala wesibini waba lilungu lweentsingiselo zonqulo kunye nentlalo babaFarisi, lowo waba nempembelelo enkulu kubomi lwangaphakathi zephondo laseRoma.

Iosif Flavy ngenxa imvelaphi yayo kunye wit Wacela ezahlukeneyo uxhulumaniso eziphezulu. Xa 64, wayetyelela eRoma, wakwazi ukukhulula amaYuda ambalwa, wagwetyelwa ngezityholo zobuxoki. Wakwenza ngenxa iyazazi UPoppaea - umfazi koMlawuli uNero, wafela kungekudala mhlawumbi yityhefu.

impi yamaJuda

Nangona kunjalo, lo ngokonwaba yaphela Empire. ekugqibeleni ukuphikisana National wawa amaYuda kunye sixeko. UNero wamisa irhuluneli kwiphondo Hesse Flora. Yaba Umntu onyolukileyo hou'tos nabantu basekuhlaleni.

Ilizwe bakaSirayeli ukuma le sengqondo bagwilika. Esidala ukuba kwenziwe le nto iye yaba iqela le anenzondelelo. Yaba intshukumo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko phakathi kwamaYuda, ababefuna lokuphelisa ilizwe kwimpembelelo baseRoma uBukhosi nezithethe zawo.

warlord

Ngoku wonke ummi kwafuneka ukuba isigqibo kwicala kabani na ku. Okokuqala iosif Flavy wazibandakanya abo babefuna ukusombulula ingxabano ngoxolo. Kodwa ngowama-66 irhuluneli engumRoma yaseSiriya, uCestius Gallus, sele ahlasela amaSirayeli. Ngoko ke uYosefu, akukho nto iseleyo ngaphandle ukumela indlela. Ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, kunye imvelaphi, waba yintloko nokukhuselwa wesiqingatha esemantla lizwe - kwelaseGalili.

Le warlord oselula akwazi ukuqokelela amawaka 10 amajoni kakuhle abaxhobileyo kunye nokomeleza imizi kweli phondo. Noko ke, impumelelo waba okwethutyana, kwaye yaphela xa lizwe kwafika amajoni uVespasian. Iinqaba kwiNgxowa ngaphandle umlo, enye kwenye, kude isixeko omnye kuphela Iotopaty. Kukho kwakhona kwakhokelela iosif Flavy. imfazwe yamaYuda wathabatha zimbi, kwaye kwagqitywa ekubeni ukunika utshaba zokuzifaka apha.

Inguqu abaseRoma

City yathatha iintsuku 47. Okuqukiweyo amabutho amaRoma ziye zabulala 40,000 amaYuda. UYosefu wakwazi ukubaleka nomkhosi encinane emqolombeni, esangweni apho ivalekile. UVespasian ecetywayo iqembu ukuba banikezele, wafumana ukwala. Kwangaxeshanye, uYosefu wacebisa namaqabane akhe ukwamkela esi sipho. Ekugqibeleni wakwazi ukulukuhla abaphulaphuli ukuba ukubulala umntu omnye yonke imihla, yonke imveliso nangoku ivalekile. Ukuze benze oku, benza amaqashiso. Ekupheleni wahlala ephila amabini kuphela - mna kunye nomphathi omnye umYuda.

Bobabini kwiNgxowa uphumeleleyo, noYosefu bathabatha igama bukaFlavius uVespasian imbeko. Xa umYuda woziswa inkampu kwabaseRoma, kwangaphambili suppressors mvukelo isihloko asebukhosini. Ekuqaleni uVespasian wagqiba ukuba uYosefu nje ukukopela phezu kwakhe yaye uzama kukuphumelela trust ngenkohliso. Noko ke, weza evela kwikomkhulu iindaba ukuba uNero ufile, yaye ingxabano komsindo phakathi zicelo.

UVespasian wagqiba ukuba bangachithi ixesha yaye ngoko nangoko waya eYurophu, apho ngokwenene waphumelela etroneni. Ukushiya evela kwelakwaJuda, wamiselwa apho ozothatha unyana wakhe uTito, uYosefu washiya inkundla njengoko itoliki kunye izikhali.

Imfazwe ayikapheli okwangoku, yaye amaRoma wenyuka waya eYerusalem. Xa zokungqinga yaqala, uYosefu wazama ukweyisela babeyibiza bakhe ukuba bazinikele kumaRoma, yintoni ibisoloko saliwe. Ekugqibeleni, esi sixeko yawa waza wayitshabalalisa. UYosefu wakwazi ukucenga uTito ukuba akhulule abantu ezimakhulu mabini, ndivalelwe, andinako ukuya endlwini oyiNgcwele. Ukongeza kokuba unikwe iincwadi ezininzi agcinwe khona.

imisebenzi zoncwadi

Xa kuqala zehlabathi, uYosefu waqala ukuhlala lenkundla. Xa indoda leyo ekhulile, waqala ukubhala babhala imisebenzi emininzi. Ezi imisebenzi ezibonisa kungekuphela nje wena kodwa amava emkhosini, ephethwe yi iosif Flavy. "Le War Jewish" - ncwadi yayo idumileyo. It iqulathe imiqulu emininzi. Ibali iquka ixesha kwemfazwe, apho yazinyaswa uJoseph ngokwakhe. Ibali liphela kokuwa kweYerusalem. Le nkcazelo landulelwa ibali ngemvelaphi iziganeko zangaphambili kweli phondo.

Incwadi Iosifa Flaviya "Imfazwe yamaYuda" lidla kudityaniswe i "Antiquities amaYuda" - isifundo elikhulu-isikali imbali yamaYuda ukususela ngexesha isigcawu zeBhayibhile. Lo msebenzi yabhalwa njenge ubungqina bokuba aba bantu ilifa kakhulu. Namhlanje kubonakala ilula, kodwa yamandulo namaRoma abolunye uhlanga kukholelwa ukuba kwafika amaYuda evela eYiputa, yaye ineengcambu zabo.

Enye incwadi ebalulekileyo - i "Autobiography." Umbhali wazama ukuba uphendule umbuzo othi wena, ngubani na iosif Flavy. Kuyo lunika uhlalutyo zonke izenzo zabo ngexesha leMfazwe yamaYuda, xa umbhali wafudukela ecaleni ngamaRoma.

Omnye umsebenzi "Against Apion" kubhaliweyo umoya mpikiswano kwaye zithunyelwe igrama ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Yaba umphengululi-Alesandire, ubani umbhali incwadi kumaYuda kwaye kaninzi wabakhalimela. Iosif Flavy umzekelo kaMoses kunye nemithetho bakhe baphikisana ukuba Apion engalunganga.

Zonke iincwadi umbhali ngentla aye kufika kuthi ukhuseleko, yintoni na ixabiso zazo eziphambili. Imibhalo ababhali abaninzi bafa baza olityelweyo ngemihla Dark Ages. Ngexesha Renaissance ngenkulungwane XVI kwakukho ukuba iosif Flavy wabhala ukupapashwa iincwadi zesiGrike. Photo of umhlola yakhe buyifanele iincwadi zezifundo ezininzi.

Kobudlelwane ubuKristu

Njengoko mbali wayehlala kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane mna, wakwazi ukuba uxwebhu ezininzi iziganeko ezichazwe zeVangeli. Ingakumbi ekhuluma uYesu ukufa kwakhe emqamlezweni, ukufa Ioanna Predtechi, njalo-njalo. D.

Noko ke, ngo historiography mihla ngalo mba olwenziwe iimpikiswano ezininzi. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ezi zifundo afakwa ngabom kwi imisebenzi emva kokufa yombhali. Oku kuboniswa izibakala ezahlukeneyo, ezifana isibakala sokuba uYesu Kristu ebizwa kwiincwadi, nangona umkhumbuzi wayengenguye umKristu. Kodwa akukho nokuba wabhala iosif Flavy, ubomi le ndoda usaqhubeka eza kuvusa umdla leengcaphephe.