IOC ngumongameli. I-International IKomiti Olimpiki. Thomas Bach

Njengoko umongameli we-IOC ezityelelwe abantu abaninzi abadumileyo, abantu abalishumi kuphela. Owokugqibela kubo, T. Bach, wonyulwa ngo-2013 yaye yabanjwa kule post ngeli xesha. Eli nqaku libonisa ngokufutshane zonke IOC kaMongameli.

IOC intlangano

IOC - kuba umzimba ephakamileyo intshukumo Olimpiki, esebenza ngokusisigxina ngalo mzuzu. IKomiti Olimpiki International nzuzo, umbutho ongekho phantsi korhulumente. ikomkhulu yayo izinze Switzerland (Lausanne). amaxwebhu ngokomthetho kwalo mbutho yeyona Charter of the Olympic Games, inguqulelo mihla ethe yamkelwa yi-14 Julayi 2001. IsiNgesi nesi-French ziilwimi zaseburhulumenteni IOC.

IKomiti Olimpiki International yadalwa eParis Juni 23, 1894 kunye kulinyathelo indalo yayo yenziwa yi Per De Kuberten, ngutitshala waseFrance itshantliziyo kwezentlalo, owathi kamva waba ngumongameli wayo. Kuye ke ngo-1894, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuvuselela kweMidlalo YeOlimpiki ngokubaluleka. IOC unikwe umsebenzi yokulungiselela kubo.

Olympic Games (ehlotyeni nasebusika) yenziwa kanye kwiminyaka 4. IOC isigqibo ngexesha kunye nendawo yehambo yabo, kwinkqubo yabo. Lo mbutho unelungelo kuphela ye-Olimpiki iflegi, umqondiso, umhobe kunye isaci. Ngexesha Imidlalo i-IOC edlulisela ilungelo ukulawula kwiinkalo zobugcisa ukhuphiswano neemanyano zemidlalo ngamazwe.

Ngokutsho kwimimiselo esebenzayo ngexesha lakalokunje, ilungu IOC inyulelwa ithuba leminyaka esi-8. Ngoko ke kufuneka baphinde bonyulwa ngeli xesha linye. IOC Umongameli wonyulwa amalungu ayo ngendlela efihlakeleyo yebhalothi. Ixesha labo lokuba sesikhundleni engama-8. Ke zonke igunya kweminyaka 4 ukuze zihlaziywe. Eli thuba yayisetyenziswa ezininzi ngumongameli IOC.

D. UDemetriyo Vikelas

Le ndoda yathi indawo onoxanduva elide, ukususela 1894 ukuya 1896. UDemetriyo Vikelas - eyaziwa Umbhali evela eGrisi. Ngowe-1894 yena inxaxheba kwi neqela Congress eyayibanjelwe e-Paris. Ekubeni babeza kubanjelwa eAthene, uMongameli, ngokutsho 1 st ye-Olimpiki Charter iMidlalo, kuba yayiza kuvela eGrisi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umongameli wokuqala i-IOC lenze igalelo elibalulekileyo neengcambu iingxaki ezininzi zezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho. KwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki yokuqala yaqhutyelwa eAthens ngo-1896. Emva kokuba Imidlalo D. uDemetriyo Vikelas wanika isithuba ukuya ngumongameli olandelayo, Pierre de Coubertin.

Per De Kuberten

Le baron French, umzobo kawonke -nzulu yabamba indawo onoxanduva ixesha elide, ukusuka 1896 ukuya 1925. Modern Imidlalo Olimpiki njengoko natshoyo, Kwasekwa nguye. I-ofisi enkulu Lul De Kuberten enze okuninzi lokuqulunqa nophuhliso lwentshukumo Olimpiki. Yimibono Romanticism - iimpawu yendoda. Abazange imthintele bhetyebhetye, umonde, ukuba nokusebenziseka nokuzingisa ukuze ubambe i Olimpiki Movement ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo kunye nengxokozelo engama-30 yokuqala.

George. Lucas, nososayensi, owabhala incwadi ethi "Modern Olimpiki Imidlalo" (epapashwe ngo-1980), wathi, xa udibanisa zonke izinto ezibhaliweyo yi Pierre de Coubertin, ufumana umthamo-25 imisebenzi eziqokelelweyo. Coubertin wakhokela IOC phantse-30 iminyaka. Baron Godefroy de Blonay waba imbilini yakhe ekufuphi. Lo mntu waba ngumongameli IOC kwiminyaka 1916-19., Xa Coubertin ndangenela umkhosi French ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. umongameli Second IOC wafa ngo-1937. Pierre yahlala wangcwatyelwa e Lausanne. E Olympia, ngesicelo Coubertin, wangcwatywa intliziyo yakhe.

Henri de Baillet-Latour

Lo mntu waba ngumongameli ukususela 1925 ukuya 1942. Wazalwa ngo-1876 e-Brussels. Bala de Baillet-Latour kwezemidlalo, waphumelela kwiYunivesithi, waza waba inxusa eNetherlands.

Ilungu IOC Henri yaqala ngo-1903, yaye ngowe-1905 wayebambe-Olimpiki Congress e Brussels. Emva konyaka, wahlela nendlela Belgian NOC. Henry yabamba ngempumelelo yesixhenxe Olimpiki Games e Antwerp (1920). Ngowe-1925 wonyulwa umongameli we-IOC. ezihlangwini zakhe, Coubertin wathi kuye msebenzi ngokuzingisileyo de Baillet-Latour waqinisekisa impumelelo enkulu kunye nombutho ogqwesileyo-Olimpiki Congress. Iminyaka 17, uHenry wakhokela IOC de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe (ngo-1942). Five Imidlalo Olimpiki zaye zabanjwa phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe. Inani nxaxheba liye landa ukusuka 2594 ukuya 3980, ngelixa inani lamazwe abavela ngabo, - ukususela 29 ukuya 49. Ukuqulunqwa kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki xa sele igqityiwe kukulawula.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abanye abahlaziyi kwi izenzo de Baillet-Latour politicization kakhulu kwezemidlalo. Oku kubonakala isigqibo sokuba kubekho lo 11 Olimpiki Games eBerlin (1936). Ukongeza, uHenry akazange avumele iimbaleki ukusuka USSR yokuba nenxaxheba kuzo. Njengoko umongameli uHenry wayebalaselisa imigaqo Coubertin. Wathi ukubethelela ngeenjongo ezilungileyo kunye ekulweni iingcamango guqukayo kufuneka amkele imfundiso emanyeneyo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba akhuphe eziqhelekileyo kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba zonke imithetho Imidlalo, lo gama ngokuphathelele inkululeko ngamnye.

Yu Z. Edström

Kule minyaka ilishumi izayo (1942-1952) wakhokela IOC Yu Z. Edström. He kubhekwa isikhulu kwi intshukumo Olimpiki, njengoko Swedish ngamazwe. Le elithile Yunannes Sigfrid Edström yi engineer sombane. Kwiminyaka yakhe umfundi Edström inxaxheba kukhuphiswano e kwimidyarho, waye yintshatsheli Sweden. Ngowe-1912, xa iphulo yakhe, lo Federation Athletic International Amateur yasekwa.

IOC Edström waba lilungu ngo-1920, yaye ngowe-1931 wamiselwa lisekela-mongameli yalo mbutho. umsebenzi Further Yunannesa yaphuhliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: emva kokufa Baillet-Latour, waba ngumongameli ebambeleyo, yaye ngoSeptemba 1946, wonyulwa Edström umongameli we-IOC. Iminyaka emithandathu wayebambe kwesi sikhundla de-1952. Imisebenzi Edstrema wafika kwixesha post-enzima yemfazwe. UMongameli wazibalula umnqweno nophuhliso lwentshukumo Olimpiki, kaYehova. Wazama ukusebenzisa njengesixhobo ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano kunye nokuqonda phakathi kwezizwe. Yu Z. Edström ehla njengomongameli ngowe-1952. Wayinika Avery Brundage. Edström waphila ubomi obude. Wafa ngomhla 94 th ngonyaka ubomi, ngo-1964.

E. Brundage

Iminyaka 20 ezayo ulawulo IOC waba ezandleni Avery Brundage. Waba ngumongameli ukususela 1952 ukuya 1972. Le ndoda injineli yoluntu ukusuka eMelika. Anakho inkampani enkulu yokwakha. Ngoxa ukufunda kwiYunivesithi Everi Brendedzh asekunene inxaxheba kwezemidlalo. Ngowe-1912 yena inxaxheba kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki, eyayibanjelwe e Stockholm. Brundage linguyena mbhexeshi US kulo mdlalo, njenge iziganeko endleleni nasebaleni ehlangene. Kwakhona yaba lilungu le-IAAF ulawulo.

Ngesindululo Edstrema ngo-1936, Avery wonyulwa ilungu le-IOC. kwiminyaka eli-10 kamva wamiselwa yokuqala usekela-mongameli. Ngowe-1952, Brundage wonyulwa umongameli qho kukhuphiswano (kwakukho zicelo ezintlanu). Kwiminyaka engama-20 ezayo, Everi Brendedzh wakhokela IOC.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Cold phakathi eSoviet Union kunye United States Avery ngomonde, ngononophelo ngamandla wakhuthaza ukuba ukuzimela zemidlalo kwipolitiki. Xa imikhosi yiSoviet ngo-1956 weza Hungary yokuphelisa ukuvukela urhulumente pro-Soviet, iqela lamazwe bagqiba ekubeni ukusebenzisana iMidlalo e Melbourne. Brundage wathi ukuphendula ukuba, ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha kukho umgaqo kukwaphula umthetho ukumisa olukhuphiswano, siya nje wolahlekelwa kuzo. Ngowe-1964, emva kokuba ukungaphumeleli abasemagunyeni American ukunika mvume yabadlali ye GDR ukuba baye ukhuphiswano kwi ihoki Avery walumkisa eUnited States ukuba baza kuphulukana ubudlelwane babo yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuba isigqibo ukuxuba ezemidlalo kunye nezopolitiko.

Brundage e post yakhe wenza lukhulu ukuba ukugcinwa nokuqiniswa kwamaqhina yezemidlalo yamazwe ngamazwe. Yena babenamathele iimbono ndinamaphupha, maxa wambi elondoloza. Brundage dogmatically landela imithetho kunye nemigaqo ye-IOC. Wabe entandweni Coubertin, ngubani, kufanele kuphawulwe, maxa wambi kuhambelana neenkqubo ezenzeka ngexesha ebomini yoluntu. Everi Brendedzh wamelana umhobe nokuvusa iflegi imbeko abaphumelele kweMidlalo YeOlimpiki ngokubaluleka. Wayekholelwa ukuba ibonakalisa ubuzwe. Andizange nje yena inkqubo yokunika amanqaku, nto leyo ichaza indawo liqela lesizwe kwi ekumeni jikelele kwi-Olimpiki. Avery wacinga ukuba ngokuchasene nomoya kunye nemithetho Imidlalo, ezo ukhuphiswano phakathi leembaleki kungekhona phakathi kwamazwe. ekuhlaleni Sports, evakalisa izimvo zabo, ngokumalunga ukusebenza kunye nomongameli IOC abanetalente. Ngowe-1972, Avery unikezele post yakhe Killanin. Brundage wafa eneminyaka engama-98, ngo-1985.

Maykl Moris Killanin

Wachitha iminyaka esibhozo njengomongameli M. Killanin. Le Nkosi ukuphehla yamanqindi Irish, yaye yaba umkhweli obalaseleyo. Yena wafumana imfundo yakhe odumileyo yaseCambridge kunye neYunivesithi yase Paris. Killanin wayesebenza intatheli, kananjalo inxaxheba kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Waye wayeligosa semkhosini eBritani. Emva kwemfazwe, Maykl Killanin iye wayebambe izikhundla zolawulo ezahlukeneyo kwiinkampani mveliso.

Ngowe-1950, waba uMongameli we-Irish NOC. Ngowe-1952 waba lilungu le-IOC Killanin. Kuba kwisikhundla selungu leBhodi iNkosi Maykl uMorris wamiselwa ngowe-1967, yaye kamva omnye ngonyaka baba likamongameli we IOC. Killanin umsebenzi iincopho ngo-1972 Isithuba nguMongameli we-IOC sikhundla de 1980.

Michael wakwazi ukufumana iintlobo kakhulu- lobudlelane phakathi IOC, i-IFS kunye NOCs - amakhonkco ezintathu eziphambili kwintshukumo Olimpiki. umsebenzi wayo liqinise kule ntshukumo. Ngexesha umongameli we Killanin kwakukho ngezikhondo ethile yezopolitiko, lowo onxulumene kwimfazwe yiSoviet Union e Afghanistan. Noko ke, umgca engaguqukiyo, eyayibanjelwe yi Michael kuthintele ukungaphumeleli 12 Imidlalo Olimpiki eMoscow. Maykl Killanin wayengumxhasi nkqubo olusengqiqweni oluthathela ingqalelo utshintsho akhawunti ehlabathini. Wayekholelwa ukuba ekugqibeleni intshukumo Olimpiki ziya kuba zinabe kakhulu. Kuba izenzo ezenziwa ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yeSibini, uMikayeli wawongwa isikhundla eliphezulu uMyalelo lwamalungu Empire British. Wada Wayefuna ukuba bonyule isikhundla sokuba uMongameli weRiphabliki in Ireland wakhe. Kwihlabathi-IOC umongameli lokuhlonipha uluntu kunye nokunyaniseka.

Juan Antonio Samaranch

Igama Le ndoda ngokuqinisekileyo kweli tyala. Marquis Juan Antonio Samaranch waba IOC umongameli ukususela ngo-1980 ukusa kowama-2001. Wazalwa e Barcelona ngo-1920. UMongameli IOC imisebenzi Sports elandelayo yaqala njengoko umcebisi kwi kwezemidlalo kumasipala yakhe. UMongameli NOC iSpanish, waba ngo-1962. kweminyaka 4 kamva H. A. Samaranch wonyulwa ilungu IOC. Ukususela ngowe-1974 ukuya 1978, Huang waba usekela-mongameli. Emva kweminyaka emi-3 Samaranch wasebenza USSR, apho waye ngunozakuzaku Spain.

Kwintlanganiso eMoscow ngo-1980, i-Iseshoni 83 i-IOC, Juan Antonio wonyulwa umongameli we-IOC. On kwindawo uxanduva enjalo, yena ijolise ikakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-IOC. Samaranch ilwela ekomelezeni igunya Olimpiki Movement, kuba ukwanda uyazinza. Xa longquzulwano phakathi USSR kunye United States ukususela kwasekuqaleni gameli kwakhe, uJuan Antonio wenza konke okusemandleni ukukhusela Ukwayo lwemidlalo eLos Angeles. nazo yezopolitiko bhetyebhetye, ababuqiqileyo wenze ngakumbi intshukumo enje, oluzinzileyo ezininzi Olimpiki ngelo xesha. impumelelo enkulu baba Olympic Games e Seoul ngo-1988 no Barcelona ngo-1992. Samaranch wanikela Olimpiki Movement ukusuka zizothuso zangaphandle. Eye ukuzinza layo, iye inokuqiniswa kakhulu indawo yayo yemali negunya. Isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yaba kwisigqibo ngokumalunga mvano-Olimpiki, ukwamkelwa lwenzeka kwi iseshoni yama-48 ye-UN kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. 1994 wabhengezwa umnyaka siseko Olimpiki kunye nemidlalo.

In Russia umsebenzi Samaranch iye ngokubanzi adunyiswe. July 14, 1994 isalelo umongameli, njengako apho Juan Antonio wawongwa Order of Ubuhlobo ngegalelo lakhe elibonakalayo ekomelezeni kunye nophuhliso lwentshukumo Olimpiki kulo lonke ihlabathi, ukunyusa indima yayo kumzabalazo ekugcinweni koxolo phakathi kwezizwe.

Zhak Rogge

C 2001 ukuya 2013 owayengumongameli we-IOC Zhak Rogge. Wazalwa e Belgium (Ganta) Meyi 2, 1942 Rogge na ugqirha wenzululwazi zonyango, Ugqirha wamathambo. Uye wasebenza entsimini yamayeza emidlalo. Bala Zhak Rogge uthetha French, IsiDutch, iSpanish, isiJamani kunye IsiNgesi. Yena inxaxheba izihlandlo ezithathu Olimpiki - ngo-1968, 1972 kunye nonyaka 1976. Zhak Rogge wamela ilizwe lakhe mdlalo losuka. Nguye lo uphumeleleyo iNdebe yeHlabathi, ngokunjalo kuma kwayo isiliva kabini. Rogge, amaxesha 16 ndiyintshatsheli eBelgium, ethetha oomatiloshe. Naye yintshatsheli lombhoxo yaseBelgium. UJacques wachitha iminqwazi ezilishumi ilizwe lakhe.

Ukususela ngo-1991, yaba lilungu le-IOC, yaye ukususela ngo-1998 - ilungu leKomiti Elawulayo. IOC uMongameli Rogge yakhethwa July 16, 2001 eMoscow. IOC phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, wafuna ukwenza lokuqulunqa amazwe ithuba ubuninzi inxaxheba ekukhethweni lemizi yabo abe ngumgqatswa ukusingatha Games. Ngo-2008, i-Imidlalo zaye zabanjwa kuqala e China.

Thomas Bach

Le ndoda iye umongameli we-IOC ukususela ngo-2013 ukusa kwixesha langoku. Kokuba azalelwe baseWürzburg, ngoDisemba 29, 1953 Bach unezinga eyunivesithi womkaMoses, i uGqirha yoMthetho. Kwiminyaka emihlanu, noTomas wayesebenza ngefoyile ye ukubiya. Ngowe-1971 waphumelela imbasa yobhedu kwi neyomhlaba wonke phakathi juniors lo mdlalo. Ngowe-1973, Bach waphumelela imbasa yesilivere fencers iqela emele ilizwe lakhe kwiNdebe yeHlabathi.

Thomas Bach, kwakunye nezinye ngumongameli IOC, lifikelele eziphakamileyo mkhulu kwezemidlalo. Uye inxaxheba kukhuphiswano ezininzi ngefoyile ye ukubiya. Ngowe-1976, waba indoda efuna undikho YeOlimpiki isiganeko iqela kwi-Olimpiki Games e Montreal. European Cup Bach iphumelele ngo-1978. Ngo-1977-78, waba yintshatsheli German kukhuphiswano ngamnye.

Ngowe-1982-91 gg. Bach waba lilungu le-National Committee Olimpiki eJamani. Ilungu IOC waba ngo-1991, yaye kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva wonyulwa ukuba IOC kwiBhodi yoLawulo. Kathathu Thomas Bach waba kamongameli we-IOC: ngo-2000-04-m, m-2006-10 kunye ngo-2010-13. Ngo-2013, xa ndandineminyaka eli-59, uThomas wonyulwa umongameli we-IOC. Waba German yokuqala indoda efuna undikho lokuqala-Olimpiki, wathabatha isithuba eso.