Inqaba yaseArabat: inkcazelo kunye nesithombe. Indlela yokufikelela kwinqaba?

Amawaka eminyaka i-peninsula yaseCrimea ibe yimbutho yeengxabano ezixhobileyo phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe izikhundla zabo kule ngundoqo ebalulekileyo yeplanethi, abantu bakha izindonga, ezininzi zazo ziye zasinda nanamhla.

Namhlanje eCrimea, abakhenkethi banokubona i-Genoese, i-Byzantine kunye neRoma. Iinqaba zaseTurkey nazo zigcinwe. Phakathi kwabo, inqaba yaseArabat ihlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo.

Ubungqina bolu xwebhu olukhuselayo lubangelwa ukuba lukhoyo phakathi koLwandle lwase-Azov kunye neSivash kumhlaba omncinci womhlaba, ngoko ke ngexesha elifanelekileyo likhuselekile i-peninsula ekuhlaselweni okuvela ngasenyakatho.

Isihloko

Ngokwabanye abaphandi, igama elithi "Arabat" livela kwimvelaphi yesiTurkey kwaye lithetha "indawo yokuhlala" kunye negama ngelizwi - "into ephambili". Kukho ukucinga ukuba igama lavela kwiilwimi zesiArabhu kwaye kuthetha "ukuqiniswa". Kukho nawuphi na, inqaba enkulu yaseArabhu, eyayijikelezwe yindawo ephakamileyo kunye ne-moat ejulile, yanikezela negama kwindawo ethile-into ephawulekayo kunye nexesha elide elincinci elihlukanisa uLwandle lwase-Azov oluvela kwiGulf of Sivash.

Imbali ye-citadel ngaphambi kokuhlonyelwa kweCrimea ukuya eRashiya

Ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa malunga nexa i-Arabat inqaba eyakhiwe ngayo ayilondoloziwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhankanywa kokuqala kwe-citadel ukusuka ku-Ak-Monai Isthmus kwincwadi ethi "Inkcazo ye-Ukraine", ebhalwe ngumFrentshi uG. Boplan, ibhekisela ku-1651, ngoko ke, inokwenzeka ukuba, isakhiwo saqulunqwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Iirekhodi zeendwendwe ezidumileyo zaseTurkey uVevliya Chelebi, othe wahamba waya kwi-Ottoman Kingdom waya kwiCrimea waza wachaza iArabat ngokuthi "inqaba enkulu enkulu enamandla", eyayikhusela i-peninsula e-Kalmyks naseZaporozhye Cossacks. Uphinde uchaze umsunguli wenqaba yaseMehmed Ghirai Khan, ngokucacileyo ebhekisela kwindodana yomlawuli waseCrimea, iSaadet.

Fortress kunye neCosasacks

I-citadel yaseTurkey, ekhusela iCrimea ukusuka ngasentla-mpuma-mpuma, ayizange ifikeleleke ixesha elide. Ngowe-1668, iiCosacks, ezalelwa ngu-Ivan oyiPhondo, zathatha iinqaba zaza zaqothula igumbi layo. Ekubeni iinjongo zokusebenza kwamaCosks kwakuzoyikrokra amaTurkey, abazange balinde kwi-citadel, eyabuyiselwa yi-Ottomans.

Okwesibini, inqaba yaseArabat yahlulwa yi-Cossacks ngo-1737, xa i-Onisim Bilogy ibamba i-regime, isebenzisa inkunkuma kwizinga lamanzi ngenxa yomoya, yadlulisela iSivash kwaye yathabatha isithintelo. Impumelelo, kwaye eli xesha alizange liphephe: kungekudala amaCosacks axoswa kwi-citadel, kwaye iiTurkey zabuyela apho.

Ukuwa kweArabat

Ekugqibeleni, inqaba yatsholwa yimikhosi yaseRussia phantsi komyalelo kaV. V. Dolgorukov, emva koko kwakukho igosa lempi elapho. Wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ngexesha leMfazwe yaseCrimea, engavumeli ukufika kwemikhosi ye-Allied kunye nokubanjwa kweArrows, eyokhokelela kwimikhosi yamaRashiya.

Ngowe-1860, iinqaba zalahlekelwa yinto ebalulekileyo kwaye zaqala ukuhlahloka. Ukongezelela, abantu abahlala kwiidolophana ezakhelene nabo baqala ukuqhawula iindonga baze basebenzise amatye kwiindawo zabo zokuzakhela ukuzakhela amakhaya abo. Ukususela ngoko, ukubuyiselwa kwe-citadel ayizange iqhutywe, ngoko ke okwangoku kwimeko ephosakeleyo.

Iinqaba zaseArabat: inkcazo

I-citadel yenzelwe yiinjineli zaseTurkish ngokuhambelana nayo yonke imigaqo yokwakha iinqaba zelo xesha. Kwiimifanekiso ezithathwe kwi-satellites, kwimeko edibeneyo, ibonakala ngokucacileyo njengepentagon enkulu.

Inqaba yaseArabat yayikhuselwe ngumkhumbi ozele ngamanzi anikezelwa kwiLwandle lwaseAzov. Ukusuka kwiinqaba zacima inqanawa, ivumela iTurks xa kwenzeka ukuvinjelwa olwandle ukuze iqhubekele elunxwemeni kwaye ihlasele ebusuku kwiinqanawa. Ngaphakathi, kwakukho umgodi we-zindan, apho kubanjwa khona amabanjwa, ayenokuthi abe khona apho ahlawulwe ihlawulelo.

Inqaba yaseArabat yayineminyango emibili kwaye yahlula yaba ngamaqhosha ama-5 kunye nompu we-gun, okwakulungiswa ukuze i-citadel ikhusele kumacala athile ngexesha elinye.

Urhulumente wangoku

Abaninzi abakhenkethi bafika eCrimea ukubona ukuba kukho izikhumbuzo ezininzi zemikhosi apho. Inqaba yeArabat yenye yabo.

Ngeli xesha, ukusuka kwiindawo ezisemgangathweni ezikhe zahlala zihlala ziyingxenye encinci kuphela. Ezi ziqhekeza zindonga ezinamandla kunye neengqungquthela kunye nesango lokungena ngasentla. Okuphawulekayo kukuba yi-shaft, ngezinye izihlandlo ifinyelela ubude beemitha ezi-7-8. Ukubukeka kweendonga zanamhlanje kuyahluka kwizinto ezazisetyenziswa ngexesha lolawulo lwaseTurkey, njengokuba kwimihla yakuqala yeMfazwe yaseCrimea bejongene nezitena zomlambo. Ekufuphi kwinqaba apho kukho iibhokisi zeepilisi zeJamani ezininzi ezishiywe kwixesha elifutshane lokuhlala kwezi ndawo ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic.

IThe Legend

Iinqaba kwiintolo ze-Arabat sele zincithakalo iminyaka engaphezu kwe-150. Ngale ndawo, abahlali balala amanqaku amaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, bathetha ukuba nangaphambi kokuba kuguqulwe kwiimigodi zeetyuwa ezikufuphi kweentsiba, le nsizwa yayisebenza. Wayeliphupha ngokugcina imali emtshatweni, ngoko wayesebenza nzima. Kungekudala le nsizwa yagula kakhulu. Wabuza umnini-mali ukuba akhokhe imali ethembekileyo aze amvumele aye ekhaya. Wavuma waza wacela ukuba uMemet aqhubeke nokusebenza kude kube ngumhla wokuqeshwa kwakhe. Kungekudala kwenzeka into engenakwenzeka, kwaye le ndoda yafa. Emva koko, engcwabeni lakhe, elisezantsi kweendonga zenkqantosi, yaqala ukubonakala ityuwa, ikhumbuza imibhalo ebhalwe ngesiArabhu. Njengoko abahlali baqwalasela, u-Memet ongenakonwaba uzama ukubonisa ukuphiliswa kwakhe kwimeko engendawo kunye nokuqalekisa inkosi engendawo.

Phumla kwiintolo zeArabat

Ngoku kutshanje, ezi ndawo zaqala ukutsala abathandi bebala elwandle, ngokukodwa ekubeni iindonga ze-citadel zifikelela ubunzulu be-2 m kumgama wamamitha ayi-100 ukusuka elunxwemeni. Ngenxa yoko, amanzi asheshayo avuseleleke - ubushushu bawo busenokufikelela kumadigri angama-30. Ukongezelela, umoya kwi-Arabatskaya iqulethe iqukethe iimbini ze-iodine kunye ne-bromine, ngoko ke luncedo kakhulu kubantwana nakwabo abanezifo zepmmon.

Kungekudala, imithombo yamathambo sele ifunyenwe kwi-Arabatka, enceda ekwenzeni izifo zesistim seentsholongwane kunye neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zamalungu kunye namathambo. Kwakhona kukho iindawo ezinkulu zokulondolozwa kweetyuwa kunye nodaka olunokwelapha.

I-arrow ye-Arabat nayo ifanelekile ukulungiselela ukuloba, njengoko kunokwenzeka ukubamba i-flatfish, i-mullet, i-pelengas kunye ne-gobies. Uhleli eLwandle lweAzov kunye ne-shrimp.

I-Arabat Fort Fort: imiyalelo

Indawo yokuhlala yendawo ye-citadel ibonakaliswe ngo-45 ° 17 '44.

Ngemoto, unako ukufika khona ngomgwaqo ongaphandle phakathi kweMoscow - iSimferopol. Ufanele uqhube ukuya kwi-Genichesk, uze ucime ngomqondiso uze uqhubeke kwisikhululo segesi (20 km ukusuka kwiphepha). Ukusuka apho kufuneka uqhube phambili kwinqanaba lolwandle uze uqhubeke ngqo ngqo kwi nqaba. Unokufikelela e-Arabatka ngesitimela, esiya eGenichesk, Arabatskaya iintolo okanye iNovoalekseevka. Kwiyiphi na yezi zikhululo ungathatha iteksi, eya kukuthatha kwi nqaba.

Ngoku uyazi into ephawulekayo malunga nenqaba yaseArabat eCrimea, kunye neyiphi imicimbi eyenziwa kule nqanaba leminyaka.