Nobutyala ngenxa yorhwaphilizo. Art. 159 of the Code Criminal kuhlelo entsha

ICandelo VIII Penal Code isahluko 21 neyayo izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho kwipropati. Imiselwe ukuba ibe ngenxa yobuqhetseba (Art. 159). Of the Code Criminal lichaza ingqiqo uxanduva olu lwaphulo-mthetho. Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha.

Urhwaphilizo: Art. 159 of the Code Criminal

Phantsi senzo kufuneka ziqondwe ukubelwa impahla zabanye, okanye ekufunyanweni amalungelo kuyo ngokusebenzisa ukuphula trust okanye nenkohliso. Inguquko entsha ye Art. 159 lomGaqo Criminal libonelela zohlwayo zilandelayo:

1. Isohlwayo efikelela kuma-120,000 engange. okanye isixa s / n okanye enye ingeniso enetyala kwithuba ukuya kunyaka omnye.
2. Kufuneka ubude ukusebenza iiyure 180.
3. Ukumbamba iinyanga 2-4.
4. umsebenzi hinde elide iinyanga 6-12.
5. Ukuvalelwa entolongweni ixesha ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2.

inkunzi

Ulwaphulo-mthetho kungaba nizimisele ngamalungiselelo lokuqala liqela labantu okanye enza umonakalo elibalulekileyo kwixhoba. Kuba abanjalo Art ubuqhophololo. 159 (2) loMgaqo-Code Criminal inikeza:

1. Fine we ukuya ku-300 lamawaka. Hlikihla. (Okanye yimalini na umvuzo okanye s / n zethuba elifikelela kwiminyaka 2).
2. umsebenzi lezoluleko iminyaka 1-2.
3. Ukuvalelwa entolongweni ixesha ukuya kwiminyaka-5.
4. umsebenzi okunyanzelekileyo iiyure 180-240.

amagosa Crime

Kuba abanjalo Art ubuqhophololo. 159 of the Code Criminal inika:

1. Isohlwayo ka 100-150 amawaka. Thambisani. okanye ubungakanani c / n okanye enye ingeniso enetyala iminyaka 1-3.
2. Isiphelo iminyaka 2-6.

Kwimeko yokugqibela, ukongeza entolongweni, ukuze ibe lohlwaywe mali ukuya kuma-10 amawaka. Thambisani. okanye isixa s / n okanye enye ingeniso zethuba elifikelela ku-1. La manyathelo kubonelelwa, nangenxa ukubiwa isikali omkhulu.

ukwengeza

Icandelo 4 Art. 159 lomGaqo Criminal ukuba isenzo obenziwe iqela oluqulunqiweyo okanye isikali ingakumbi enkulu, limisela isigwebo sokuvalelwa iminyaka 5-10. Kule meko ukuba Ukongezelela ocoliweyo lobalelwa 1 mln. kwi yimalini na umvuzo okanye s / n wobubi sifundo kangangethuba leminyaka emi-3. Art. 159 (4) CC icwangcisa isohlwayo bumandundu. Ngoko ke, siza kuqwalasela le ndaba.

Art. 159 of the Code yoLwaphulo ye-Russian Federation kunye nezimvo

inxalenye Dispositive kuquka inxalenye engundoqo, Abanezakhono (inxalenye yesibini) kwaye ingakumbi abaqeqeshiweyo. Igama elithi "ubuqhetseba" lisetyenziswa kuphela inkcazelo ngezenzo wohlwaywe. Uxanduva kuba inika norm ekhethekileyo mthetho. Art. 159 of the Code Criminal kwenza kube lula ukwahlula iintlobo ezimbini izenzo ezingekho mthethweni: ekwebiweni kwempahla kunye nokufunyanwa amalungelo kuyo. Ukongeza, izinga lamanqaku iindlela ezithile ekwenzeni izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Ezi ndlela zezi: ukophulwa trust kunye uyajola.

Theft impahla

Le nkcazo ithathwa ukuba Art yokuqala. 159 of the Code Criminal. Kuba izimvo, enikwe kwi Sec. 1 Ndiwise owamkelwe Plenum kwelanga ngo-2002 (Inombolo 29), ukubiwa iimpawu isenzo ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nemiqathango emiselwe kwinqaku phantsi ingqalelo. Inkundla Ephakamileyo sinika inkcazelo ngokwaneleyo ngokucacileyo ityala. Ubusela - free zonyango mthethweni athimbe Impahla kwabanye, wakhetha umenzi wobubi okanye naliphi na iqumrhu ebangela umnini (zomnikazi) umonakalo. Loo kuqulunqo inika ulwazi olufanayo ukwenza nkcazelo generic. Ngoko hlanganisa zonke iintlobo kunye neentlobo zobusela, kuquka ubuqhophololo.

nenkohliso

Art. 159 of the Code Criminal usebenzisa ingqiqo xa eziphawula izenzo. Ngokusekelwe yokuba ukukhohlisa zinokuphunyezwa kuphela ngokwesakhelo yobudlelwane ezithile phakathi abemi, njengoko ingenakho ukuba agqalwe intshukumo aluchaphazeli psyche yabantu. Ngokungqinelana noku, ngokutsho inqaku. 159 of the Code Criminal akakwazi afaneleke ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho olo, ukusetyenziswa amakhadi ebhanki ebiweyo okanye kwaphunyezwa, kunokuba ephosa iingqekembe zezinto zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo, kunye nezinye iintshukumo ezifanayo. Kule meko kungenzeka ukuba ukwamkela izindululo Code Criminal, sibhalwe ngenxa amazwe ico, ukuqukwa kwi ukubiwa imithetho obenziwe ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobugcisa. Xa kungekho ilungiselelo enjalo imithetho ukusebenzisa ipropati ngeendlela ngasentla kangangoko enkulu iyinxalenye sokubiwa ngokufihlakeleyo okanye ubusela kunokuba ubuqhophololo. Njengoko izenzo inkohliso iingxelo zobuxoki kwesi sifundo, leyo walibona ukuqonda ukuba akhawunti ngezenzo zabo.

wenkohliso

Kusebenza uphando ubuqhophololo. Ixhoba abafumana ubuxoki, ephosakeleyo kwabo ethile ziganeko, izenzo, izibakala. Le meko kuchaphazela ukwenziwa kamva isigqibo malunga nokulahlwa kwipropati yabucala obuxhasa umoni okanye labantu ekubhekiswa kubo. izenzo ezilahlekisayo njengomthetheli ubudlelwane kobude phakathi yokuziphatha unetyala kwaye ngenxa yoko zokulahleka umnini propati eziphathekayo okanye amalungelo kubo.

ukoniwa Driving

Ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqityweni kakubi unokwakha yesekethe ilandelayo: inkohliso (owenza a mthetho) - ulahlekisa ixhoba - yintshukumo ixhoba ngokususela ulwazi lobuxoki (the transfer of impahla okanye amalungelo koku okanye amaxabiso ukurhoxiswa nevosprepyatstvovanie) - isiphumo kwisabelo isifundo enetyala yakhe inzuzo (okanye abanye).

Xa engekho ubuncinane omnye isiqalelo yesekethe aludibanisi-mthetho, kwaye ukuziphatha komntu ayikwazi kuqwalaselwa phantsi Art. 159 of the Code Criminal.

into ebaluleke

izenzo ezilahlekisayo njenge eqhubekayo uhlaba inyaniso kumsebenzi zolwaphulo lokuphila kunye neengqondi nexhoba. Kufuneka ukuba ibe ziziphumo izenzo ityala zokuziphatha. Noko ke, ukuze okanye enze izenzo ezithile ukuba negalelo iimpazamo ekwakhiweni okanye ukulungiswa, okanye musa ukuyenza. Kwimeko yokugqibela, umoni nje ayiyitshitshisi sele wadala kwixhoba ophambene ukungaqondi. Kulo mba, kunzima ukuba uyavumelana nale ngcamango bacinge ukuba akwenzeki kunye tu. Nkqu lingekho nefuthe elingqale kule psyche ixhoba, oko kusenokuba ziyalahlekisa.

Indicia

Phakathi intsingiselo Art. 159 of the Code Criminal, ixhoba kufuneka abe ngummi ukutshintshela ipropati okanye anike umoni okanye abantu ekubhekiswa kubo amalungelo athile. Ngokuphathelele lo msebenzi osemqoka unokuba zizakubalulwa, uphawu isifundo; wagaleleka kuyo lokugabadela kwasezidolo-. Ixhoba, ngoko ke kufuneka babe nelungelo impahla kunye nokukwazi ukulawula amaxabiso ngokokubona kwayo. Ngokubhekiselele ubuqhetseba, eli gama lisetyenziswa ngeendlela yayo elimxinwa. Xa yayolulekele ukutyhilwa ekugqibeleni wagqwetha intsingiselo nqaku wamona umgaqo semthethweni. Ingcamango ngokusemthethweni "ukukopa" luphawulwa iinkalo ezimbini: ulwazi yokuziphatha. Kuba abalinganiswa yokuba isenzo art. 159 of the Code Criminal aye kuzo zombini kwezi.

ukophulwa trust

Ubuqhetseba ngale ndlela sisigxina practice ngaphantsi kwe usebenzisa inkohliso. Trust ithathwa ukukholelwa ngengqibelelo, ukunyaniseka, babeneenjongo ezintle, ukunyaniseka omnye umntu. Wenza icala, umenzi wobubi usebenzisa le. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le fomu ubuqhetseba lwenzeka xa ubudlelwane ukuthembana olwakheka phakathi kwakhe kunye nexhoba. Gadalala, njengoko kwimeko ubuqhetseba, umnini (umnini) lo mhlaba elahlekisayo. Ngenxa yoko, nguye edlulisela ixabiso ohlaselayo, sigqibe ukuba kukho izizathu ezivakalayo ukwenza njalo. transfer ngokuzithandela impahla kuthetha kuphela ukudluliselwa Rule yale izinto ezandleni ephosakeleyo, kodwa usa enetyala amathuba athile ukuze zilahlwe kuyo okanye uyisebenzise.

Ukungaqiniseki yomthetho

Art. 159 of the Code Criminal kwi kwinguqulelo entsha lichaza ulwaphulo-mthetho uchaphazelekayo iyafana imithetho sisebenza kwi Code odlulileyo. Hlengiso uye kuphela kwenkcazo "umsebenzi". Kwimizobo ezikhoyo namhlanje. 159 of the Code Criminal ithathwa yi elithi "ukweba". Noko ke, amandla ubumbe esetyenziswayo njengangoku yenkundla, ukwakhiwa isenzo nako kuqwalaselwa phantse ngokufanayo. Ngokutsho kwezinye bewenza, imithetho, mhlawumbi, bekuya ukwandisa inani dispositive inxalenye Art. 159 of the Code Criminal. Kule meko wanga yena zehla ulwaphulo-mthetho. Noko ke, lo mthetho bakhetha ukwahlula isenzo ubuqhophololo uqobo, ebangela umonakalo impahla, ukophulwa trust, ukuqhatha (akukho zimpawu ubusela), "lzhepredprinimatelstvo" lokubaleka eyingozi lwentlawulo akhawunti ukuhlawulwa kunye neminye imisebenzi efana mthethweni. Mthetho, ngokutsho iingcali, akazange aqonde ukuba ubuninzi esisigxina -mthetho zoqoqosho efihliweyo iyantlukwano zesakhiwo enye kuphela. Bona umi nje ubuqhophololo. Abanye abaphengululi zomthetho bakholelwa ityumza asifanelekanga, ezikhubazayo isicelo lo mthetho. Xa iimeko mihla, ngokoluvo lwabo, kufuneka kwandiswa yi inxalenye dispositive le nto. 159 of the Code Criminal. Lo msebenzi mawubandakanye zililo ezinikiweyo kunye inqaku 165th kweKhowudi. Ngelo xesha kufuneka ilungiswe kunye negama generic, ebiza inqaku "ababuthela nomonakalo kwipropati ngezembe ukucola ngokusebenzisa gwenxa trust okanye unxibelelwano yolwazi olungeyonyaniso." Loo ekuqulunqeni bekuya kuba kakhulu ngokuchanileyo ibonisa isiqulatho yomthetho ubuqhophololo.

Ukuntsonkotha ukuyilwa nokwakheka

amava yembali lokuqulunqa nokuphuhlisa imithetho ephathelene nobugebenga ibonisa utshintsho okuphindwayo izimvo kombono ngokusemthethweni lobuqhophololo. Ngenxa yoko, inani zengxaki ezenziwayo kunye nenzululwazi-theoretical component. Ukuvela iindlela ezintsha ubuqhophololo negalelo ukuvela eliqela imiba enxulumene zokunyanzelisa umthetho, kuquka inkqubo emfundo swonghasi phezu inxalenye ezikhethekileyo le nto. 159 of the Code Criminal. Isakhiwo ezimbaxa kwisuntswana ubume kakubi ngokucula kwenkcazelo yomthetho ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokuqulunqa lo msebenzi ukuphelisa ambiguity, ndikumisele isigama ocacile. Ngaphezu koko, kuyimfuneko ukuba afake izikhokelo nezibakala zomthetho. Konke oku ngaphandle kukuvela iingxaki zonyanzeliso. Imithetho lolwaphulo kumazwe athile angaphandle kukho iintlobo-ntlobo ubuqhetseba, zinika iindidi kwimigaqo yokufanelekela. Ngokwezinga elithile le okanye ezinye izinto angathatyathwa kunye nemigaqo domestic yomthetho.

izibalo

izenzo okungalunganga, injongo leyo yenza njengoko impahla ngabemi umthetho abo ngoku yeyona ixhaphakileyo onke amatyala olwaphulo ezibhaliswe kwi-Russian Federation. Ngo-2007, umzekelo, wafunyanwa enetyala ngaphezu kwezigidi zabantu kwisiqingatha (60% yenani lilonke batshutshisa kunye neminyaka-19% ngaphezulu kwe ezintlanu ngaphambili) of the Amanqaku ekuthethwa ngazo kwiSahluko 21. Kolu didi enye yezona zinto ezivame ubuqhophololo . Kwiminyaka emihlanu (2002 ukuya 2007) inani kumaqumrhu ababandakanyekayo imbopheleleko yalo mthetho liye lenyuka ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezingama-3.6. Ngo-2007 inani labo yafikelela kubantu 43 amawaka. Kwakhona anda, ubunzima ngqo nobuqhetseba kwinkqubo-mthetho kwipropati. Ngo-2002 kwaba 2.5% ngo-2007 - 7.8%.

isiphelo

ulwaphulo-mthetho Acquisitive, ezizezi Ezi ziquka nobuqhetseba, eRashiya ehlabathini enyanisweni kwezobalo lubalaseleyo. Le Dynamics ezi zenzo uchaza iintsingiselo eziphambili kunye nemingeni yonke imeko-mthetho ngokubanzi. Xa ezenzweni ukubawa ubuqhetseba isebenza usukelo esisiseko. Ukuba kwixesha eSoviet ityala yayigqalwa kunqabile kakhulu, ngoku, kunye eRashiya kutshintsho inkqubo yoqoqosho emarikeni, oko ukuhlakulela ngokuzimisela. Uphuhliso Active kobuchwepheshe kunegalelo ukuvela iindidi ezintsha lobuqhophololo. namhlanje ezikhoyo yelizwe ulawulo lomthetho kufuneka ibonelele ulawulo ukuqina, ukudala ukhuseleko oluyimfuneko yabemi kunye nempahla yabo lokugabadela kwasezidolo-. Bayiphumeza le njongo ukuzazi sikhokelo yowiso-mthetho olufanelekileyo, buyaqhubeka izohlwayo. Amathuba okuba owenze ityala kuba waphula umthetho kwemigaqo emiselweyo kufuneka usebenze nje mqobo enkulu, ukuba ukunqanda izenzo lolwaphulo-banconywe.