Ingcamango yeprojekthi: imizekelo

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ekuqaleni ekunene. Le ngxelo kakhulu lokwenyaniso ulawulo lweprojekthi ngoku ethandwayo. Ngoko ke musa Ndiyiqala apho iprojekthi? Yintoni na ingqikelelo le projekthi? Imizekelo nesisekelo yeengcingane ukuba iimpendulo zale mibuzo uyamenywa ukuba kuyiqwalasela kweli nqaku.

Project Life Cycle kunye Product

naluphi na ulawulo iprojekthi leyo elinzima kuxhomekeke amanqanaba umjikelo wobomi balo.

Watyhutyha ilizwe izigaba ezithile zophuhliso, le projekthi iguqulwe kwaye ifuna iintlobo ezintsha zolawulo kunye nolawulo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umjikelo wobomi projekthi ayifani umjikelo wobomi imveliso, eyenziwe kwinkqubo okanye ngenxa ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Le mveliso iqala ukuya khona ukususela ekudalweni zonke iinxalenye zayo kuhlanganiswa libe into enye, leyo kuthengiswa okanye isetyenziswe ukuze kuxhamle yomnini. Kulo mzekelo, imveliso anokwenziwa:

• ngenxa yale projekthi (ukuba enye yeenjongo zakhe);
• kwinkqubo yayo ukuphunyezwa (ukuba imveliso yenye yezinto amanyathelo ukuphumeza naziphi na iinjongo zalo);
• phambi kokuqala (ukuba yimeko ngobukho iprojekthi);
• Emva kokugqitywa (ukuba eyona njongo).

Ngoko ke, i "umgca ubomi" le projekthi kwaye ethengiswayo ukuzisonga okanye hayi sawela; kodwa zixhomekeke enye kwenye.

Izigaba zomjikelo wobomi yeprojekthi

Inqanaba ephambili kuthathwa ukuba ube:

1. Yokuvula.
2. Development.
3. Ukuphunyezwa.
4. Ukugcwalisa.

Kodwa kuphela ukwahlulwa. Njengenxalenye usebenzisa nqanaba emithathu ubomi yeprojekthi uvavanyo zemali projekthi zonke:

1. sigaba mali Pre-(ukugwetyelwa-mali).
2. Inqanaba Investment (funding).
3. Post (uvavanyo yeprojekthi ngokwezoqoqosho).

Kukho isakhiwo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi kungekhona ecacileyo lomjikelo wobomi projekthi, ezo abaphathi, kuxhomekeke isikali ngezimvo, ubume ulawulo lwesebe inkampani, isebe umsebenzi yezoqoqosho. Ngenye indlela, into ingqalelo yethu ekuqaleni - isigaba lokwaluka, okanye ngamanye amazwi, ingqiqo projekthi.

Yintoni esuthwini?

Yokuqalisa umsebenzi, uphuhliso okanye ingqiqo kuyilo ibandakanya isethi iinkqubo, leyo ekugqibeleni omiselwa ngumanenjala, ngokususela imiba eyahlukeneyo lwangaphandle nangaphakathi. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka kungabangela uluhlu jikelele imibuzo kufuneka ukuba bakhangele iimpendulo kweli nqanaba:

1. Zeziphi ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze kuzuzwe le projekthi?
2. Yeyiphi engqina imfuneko ukuphunyezwa kwayo?
3. Yintoni imeko-bume lwangaphandle iingcamango?
4. Ziyintoni iinjongo eziphambili?
5. Yintoni ubungakanani Nngokobuchwepheshe ingcamango kunokwenzeka?
6. Yintoni na imiqathango yezemali ngumfuziselo eyandisiweyo ingcamango?
7. Ingaba kukho ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ngexesha lokuqala?

wesicwangciso projekthi ikwaquka amanyathelo iphambili ilandelayo:

1. Ingcaciso yeendlela eziphambili ukuphumeza lo mbono.
2. Nokwabela uxanduva ukuphunyezwa.
3. Kubalwa inani kunye nokwakhiwa yeqela leprojekthi.
4. Ukulungisa okulindelwe nxaxheba.
5. Formation uluhlu ukongeza kwiinkqubo.
6. Uhlalutyo oluhlanganisiweyo izinto ezidingekayo ukuphumeza iinjongo ezichazwe.
7. Uhlalutyo lomngcipheko kunye nokucingela.
8. Ukusekwa isicwangciso solawulo neprojekthi xa iyonke.
9. Ugunyaziso (ukuqala).

Ingcinga projekthi kwi isiphelo ukuphuhlisa Charter equka yonke imiba kunye neengxaki ezichazwe ngasentla. Ukuchaneka amanani ekubhekiswa kuwo kweli xwebhu, kaninzi ingadluli-25%, ukuba kunjalo kufuneka ukuba isiqalo ekuqaleni kwale projekthi.

charter Development

Formation of nomba projekthi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle inkqubo uyilo, evakalisa khona kanye equlathe, ukongeza kwiimfuno yoqobo kunye neenjongo, njengoko amagunya umphathi kunye nemali kwezibonelelo ezabelwe.

Project Charter yakhiwe ngokucacileyo kwaye kufuneka siqulathe le macandelo alandelayo:

1. Kuqhotyoshelwe apha uluhlu lwe iinguqu ezinkulu.

2. ukuvunyelwa Sheet.

3. Ingxelo jikelele:

• iinjongo;
• izizathu;
• kulindeleke;
• imveliso yokugqibela okanye target wokugqibela;
• izigaba ezingundoqo wokusetyenziswa;
• abachaphazelekayo projekthi kunye nokulindelwe zabo;
• ubungozi, iingqikelelo, ukulinganiselwa;
• scheme yolawulo inkqubo kunye neqela.

4. Imigaqo esiSiseko umsebenzi.

5. amaxwebhu Related.

Xa uqulunqa uxwebhu enjalo, njengoko umthetho, esetyenziswa yi uqikelelo abaziingcali, indima ephambili apho kudlala nomphathi weprojekthi abaqeqeshiweyo.

Ukuchongwa lwabaxhasi

Ukudala ingqiqo phulo kakhulu abantu abachaphazelekayo abe nomdla ngqo kwi isiphumo. Ukuchonga abantu kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya imiba echaphazela le projekthi. Njengenxalenye yale nyathelo olwenziwa ulungelelwaniso lweenjongo kunye nabaxhamli ezingundoqo, inkcazelo ngendima edlalwa nxaxheba ngqo nengxelo-, uvavanyo lwemingcipheko kunye nokungaqiniseki ezinxulumene ungquzulwano engaphephekiyo umdla, uphuhliso kwezi fom ukwazisa abantu malunga nenkqubela izimvo.

Lonke ulwazi malunga ngendlela ethile kwisangqa abantu egcinwe kwi abachaphazelekayo kwirejistri. Le rejista iyafumaneka nomphathi weprojekthi aze azisebenzise ukulawula imimandla kunye iqondo nempembelelo kwiinkqubo zoshishino kunye neqela.

concept ukwamkelwa

Phambi kokuba imvume le ngcamango kuvavanywa ngocoselelo yaye uhlengahlengiso kuzo zonke izinto lwesakhiwo yayo branched:-mali, ubuchule ukuphunyezwa, impembelelo, iingozi, njl Kuthiwa ingqiqo projekthi kuphela emva kokubhungisana nabo bonke abachaphazelekayo yayo, kuqukwa norhulumente kunye nezakhiwo kamasipala ...

Ukuqaliswa ingqikelelo

Ingcamango le projekthi iyaphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso, kubhaliwe. Ekuhambeni yokuphumeza ingcamango kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi ezibhaliweyo yaye yavunywa yi kulawulo echaphazela umgca osezantsi. Ukubeka iliso olu tshintsho kunye nolawulo lomgangatho - mhlawumbi iinkqubo zolawulo ezibalulekileyo ngexesha ekuphunyezweni kombono.

Umzekelo 1: Ingcamango wokwakha

Ukuphuhliswa ingqiqo sakhiwo kufuneka iquke:

• analysis icebo;
• ekwakheni izithintelo;
• nesimo esikhoyo ngoku mmandla;
• uhlolo amandla ophuhliso yayo;
• uhlalutyo imarike real estate (umthamo wayo, segmentation);
• ukuchongwa okhuphisana ezinokubakho;
• uhlolo Dynamics imfuno;
• nokuchongwa ngabathengi.

Ezi nkcukacha yeprojekthi wokwakha unako ingqalelo cinca-cinci ku ukusetyenziswa komhlaba ekhoyo. Uvavanyo Developer apha qatha xa sicinga ekubunjweni iingqiqo. Ukwenza ukhetho oluchanekileyo wasebenzisa impukane-analysis, ucikizeko multifactorial kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Emva ingqwalasela ezi eziphambili yenziwe lo mnqophiso idrafti, leyo, ukongeza kula macandelo akhankanywe apha ngentla, kufuneka ziqulathe:

• uphuhliso lwengqiqo (iimpawu ezisisiseko yesiza, izibonelelo zothutho master isicwangciso, iingcebiso izigqibo zokwakha kunye nesicwangciso kunye nezinto zokwakha kunye iziseko Landscaping);
• ingqiqo okuthengisa (ngokwamaxabiso, ishedyuli omalunga kwentengiso / weSauwu, isicwangciso senkuthazo);
• scheme zemali (iimfuno utyalo-mali, uqikelelo ingeniso, ishedyuli omalunga lokungena nokuphuma kwemali).

Umzekelo 2. Umba Ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo esizisebenzelayo

Development yokuvezwa ingqiqo lweprojekthi kwinkqubo ezenzekelayo ukuba intengiso kwivenkile kufuneka iquke ezi zihloko ezithile zilandelayo:

• Ukuvavanywa yeencwadi kwimarike Internet ngokwecandelo umthamo kunye neendleko sokuphumeza.
• Ukumisela ixabiso umxholo kwisitora online.
• Chonga iimfuno yeemarike ezongezelelweyo kwiincwadi kwivenkile okhoyo.

Ingcamango yalo ngokwala maxesha yomsebenzi ivenkile baya iinjongo ezininzi: nokudalwa ivenkile intanethi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwalo ukufikelela kwinqanaba elithile odolo nge-resource entsha online.

iinjongo ezinjalo kuyakuphunyezwa ngokulandelelana le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• uphuhliso iinkcukacha;
• ukubulawa imisebenzi kwi ivenkile online;
• scheme Uphuhliso zihanjiswe epapasha iincwadi abathengi;
• iintengiso;
• izivumelwano iinkqubo zentlawulo-intanethi.

Umzekelo 3. Ingcamango maxesha

Ingcinga Iprojekthi kuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe ezintsha zibe mjikelo imveliso ekhoyo lisoloko kuphuhliswa kokuba, kuthathelwa ingqalelo nkcukacha lweshishini kunye nezimo nokusebenza kwayo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe manyathelo alandelayo:

• Ukuchongwa "izakhi asesichengeni" chain yemveliso (ukuqaliswa ubugcisa obutsha kufuneka mhlawumbi endaweni iindawo ingxaki, okanye ukuba bandiqumbise ukusilela sabo ngenxa ephula ingqibelelo kumjikelo umsebenzi).
• Phuhlisa inkqubo intshayelelo ngokwezigaba zetheknoloji ezintsha (kubandakanywe isicwangciso kwinkqubo yemveliso kwinqanaba elitsha - oyena ndoqo eli langoku, njengoko kumaqela amanyathelo ukungalingani kunye nabenzi nga ukuthintela yonke imali echithwa xa kulungiswa).
• Uqikelelo yabasebenzi okunokubakho ulawulo nolondolozo lwezixhobo ezitsha.

Phakathi kweenjongo ze lo msebenzi, njengoko umthetho, bucaciswe kwaye iimpawu zemveliso zibuyekezwe volume nesantya nokukhutshwa.

Njengoko oku kungasentla, kucacile ukuba ingqikelelo ye projekthi ibandakanya imigaqo engundoqo enxulumene umxholo wayo, iinzuzo zoqoqosho, ingenzeka kunye neziphumo. Kulo mba, izibonelelo ingqiqo izimvo ezintsha ezifunekayo ukuphuhlisa okanye ukuqalisa ishishini elitsha, kuyimfuneko zokuceba, ukuvavanya thethane phambi kokugqithela utshintsho lokwenene kunye notyalo-mali.