Indlela yokuqokelela iCube yeRubik: uqeqesho lwabaqalayo

Ngokuqhelekileyo sinako ukufumana uvuyo lokungazi kakuhle xa sinika ukuphumla kwezandla, inyawo, intloko kunye nomzimba wonke. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokuba, kubonakala ngathi kuthiwa siyazi. Kungenxa yokuba loo mntu usebenza ngamandla. Unentlungu kwaye ayiqondakali nentshukumo yama-amorphous ebomini. Ukuba unemizuzu yamahhala, unokuzibeka iinjongo zokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuqokelela iRubik yecube. Umyalelo wokuqokelela le puzzli ichanekile, kodwa kunengqiqo ukuyiqonda.

Iimbali ezimbalwa zembali

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 eyadlulayo, umculi waseHungary u-Erno Rubik wabonisa ipapa lakhe elidumiweyo, elibizwa ngokuba ngumthi wombhali. Emva koko umqambi wayebandakanyeka ekufundiseni ukucwangciswa kwamashishini kunye nokwakha. Kukho ingqungquthela eyakha i-cube kwincwadi yeencwadi, apho unokucacisa ngokucacileyo iziseko zeengcamango zeemathematika zamaqela. Kubafundi, umqambi wenza umsebenzi olukhuni wokunyanzelisa iikhabhi ngamnye ukuba zijikeleze ngokukhululekile emhlabathini ngaphandle kokulimaza ubunye obakhayo beli puzzle. Ngoko ke, abahloli bokuqala babehlobo kunye nabafundi beRubik.

Ngowe-1975 i-cube yeRubik yayinelungelo lobunikazi, kodwa emva kweminyaka emibili ukuveliswa kwebhokisi le-cubes yamashishini kwasekwa. Eyokuqala kwabo baqala ukuvelisa intsebenziswano encinci yeBudapest, eyayimiswe njengeCube entsha yonyaka weCube. Umyalelo webandla awuzange unamathele, kodwa into eyayixeliswa ngobuninzi beentyantyambo kunye nokungaqondakali kwayo. I-toy iyenzeka ngokwenene kwaye yanikelwa kuzo zonke iindidi zabantu. Ukuqhaqha kwesibili kokuthandwa kwenzeka xa i-cube yabona ezandleni zomphathi weshishini waseJamani uTibor Lakzi, enomdla kwimathematika. Waqala ukuphakamisa umkhiqizo nge-tandem noTom Kremer - umvelisi ophumelelayo wemidlalo. Bahlangene nabo bakwazi ukuvula i-cubic "invasion" nokukhupha iikopi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100.

Ixesha lexesha

Ngoko, ndingakuqokelela ixesha elingakanani i-cube yeRubik? Umyalelo awunakuchukumisi ngokukhethekileyo ekuqalekeni "iipuzzler". Yingakho kuya kuthatha ixesha elide kwaye libuhlungu ukuqokelela. Abaninzi abakwazi ukuma nokuphosa baqala ukuhamba. Kodwa ibandla le puzzle lihlakulela ngokupheleleyo izakhono zeemoto, livuselela umsebenzi wengcamango, iyancipha kwaye inceda ukuziqonda. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, abantu bayaqonda ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukudibanisa iphazili kunzima kakhulu. Sifanele siphumelele kwizinto eziqinisekisiweyo. Abaninzi "bahlala phantsi" kwaye batshintshela kwidibano eziphezulu. Abantu abanjalo babizwa ngokuthi "i-speedcubes", kwaye inkqubo ngokwayo ibizwa ngokuthi "ukukhawuleza kweebhola". Kwanokukhuphisana kwamagosa okuqhutyelwa phantsi kwe-World Association of Cubes. Kuza kube yimhla, setha irekhodi yehlabathi emizuzwana engama-5.55. Yayifakwe nguMats Wolf. Ngaphambi kwakhe, irekhodi lehlabathi lilinguFelix Zemdegs kwaye yayingu-5.66 imizuzwana. Ngokutsho kwedatha engafanelekanga, ufumene umphumo kwimigqa engama-4.79.

Kubaqalayo

Ngoko, unayo iCube yeRubik ezandleni zakho. Umyalelo webandla awuzange ufundwe nguwe kwaye ufuna ukufumanisa indlela ipapa ngayo. Umdlalo wokudlala unamacala angama-6 emibala eyahlukileyo. Xa kuthengwa, onke macala ahlanganisene kwaye abe neekhabhi zombala ofanayo. Nika ithuba lokucima kunye kunye nomzuzu ujikeleze i-cube kuzo zonke iindawo. Ngenxa yoko, phambi kwakho - ipapa eyinkimbinkimbi, eya kubonakala ngathi, ayiyi kuvula. Abaninzi bancomela ukuba phambi kwendibano ehambelanayo, cima ngokupheleleyo i-cube ukuze uqinisekise ukuchaneka kwendlela. Ukuba yonke into iyinyaniso, ngoko unokuqhubeka kwinkqubo. Ibandla labaQalayo liqulethwe ngamanqanaba asixhenxe, elowo liphumeleleke nakumntwana.

Umyalelo wesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo: indlela yokuhlanganisa iCube yeRubik

Uzakufuna ukugxila kumgca omhlophe. Khawucinge ukuba le yiseko ephethe isakhiwo sonke. Emva kokuba ngamnye "ubuqhetseba" ukhangele icala elimhlophe ukuze ingqibelelo yakhe ingonakali. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, uqokelele umnqamlezo omhlophe, kwaye apho kukho isikwele esimhlophe kwindawo. Qaphela ukuba amacandelo eziko kwicala ngalinye acacisa ukuba umbala ukuqokelela. Kwinqanaba lesibini, kufuneka uqokelele iikona zecala elimhlophe. Emva koko kuza kumaphethelo omgca omhlophe, umnqamlezo kumqolo wokugqibela. Emva koko kufuneka uhambe kwilungiselelo lemida kunye neengcongolo zendawo yokugqibela kunye nokujikeleza kweekona.

Phakathi kwezona ziqhelekileyo

Eyathandwa kakhulu ngumyalelo wokuhlanganisa i-cube yeRubik nguJessica Friedrich. Le yindlela yokwenza i-speed speed assembly, engadingi ukukhunjulwa kwenani elikhulu lamafomula. Into ephambili kukuqonda umgaqo. Kwinkqubo, elinye lamalungu liya kuwela. Uluhlu lokuqala luqokelelwa ngexesha elifanayo kunye neyesibini. Emva koko landela ukuqhelaniswa kunye nokuvunyelwa kweempawu zendawo engaphezulu.

Intuition

Ukuba awufuni ukukhumbuza iifomula, ngoko uya kufuneka ufumane imiyalelo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo kwi-cubi yeRubik ngokwecandelo likaValery Morozov. Apha kufuneka ufunde imigaqo-siseko yebandla. Okokuqala, izinto ezikhethiweyo zekona zihlanganisiwe. Emva koko, izibambo ezine ezikwinqanaba eliphakathi zihlanganisene emnqamlezweni kwicala. Iingqele ezisibhozo eziseleyo kufuneka zenze ibini elichanekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, amacandelo amacandelo amacandelo ayisithupha asekwe ngobuso bawo.

Siya kuhlamba

Ukuba sele sele uzame kwaye wade ukwazi ukuqoqa iphazili, ngoko unokuzama indlela ebizwa ngokuba yimigca. Yifanele i-cube yesi-5 *, kodwa kungcono ukuqeqesha ngeyona nto encinci - 3 * 3.

Ukuze ufunde indlela ofuneka ngayo ukuze ukwazi ukwahlula amacandelo kwaye ubenakho ukujikeleza kwekhamera ngapha nangapha. Intlanganiso iqala ngomnqamlezo omhlophe owaziwayo. Emva koko kufuneka yongezwe kwiinkalo zekhonkco. Umsebenzi wakho kukufezekisa ngokuthe ngqo ukungqinelana kwezinto eziphambili zecala kunye nezona zinto ziphezulu, eziphambuka kumgca omhlophe. Izinto ezimhlophe zekhonkco kufuneka zihanjiswe kwicala elifanayo. Umntu ongenalwazi angakwazi ukuqonda i-cube yeRubik ngale ndlela. Umyalelo weqela wabaqalayo balolu hlobo alulula, kodwa unikeza imiyalelo ehambelanayo. Lungiselela ukuba le nto ayilula.

Ulwazi oluyisiseko

Ngoko kuvela ukuba abantu abaninzi beza kunye ne-algorithm, indlela yokuqokelela i-cube yeRubik. Imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngeyinyathelo ayibalulekanga kubo. Mhlawumbi nawe uya kukwazi ukuseta indlela yakho? Yonke into inokwenzeka, kodwa kukho ulwazi oluyisiseko oluya kuba luncedo kuwo wonke umntu. Ngoko, i-cube inesakhelo - umnqamlezo, apho iindawo eziphambili zihlanganisiwe. Zonke izakhi zihamba ngokuhamba, kwaye ikhebhu ngokwayo ijikeleza kuyo yonke indawo. Isiqhelo sisoloko sithathwa singamhlophe, kwaye sichasene - ngokuqhelekileyo siphuzi. Ukujikeleza kwamalungu kunokwenzeka ngokusesikweni, ngokubhekiselele kuyo kunye no-180 degrees. Ngaphezulu, kwaziwa ukuba isicwangciso sobambano esilula siquka amanyathelo asixhenxe alandelayo. Eyokuqala ihlala imhlophe

IsiGaba esiPhambili

Ngoko, phambi kwekhampu yakwaRubik, umyalelo wabaqalayo, kunye nendawo yokugcina - malunga nesiqingatha seyure. Oku kwanele ukuqonda izinto ezisiseko zebandla. Ekuqaleni, akufanele uxoshe ixesha. Ukuziqhelanisa nokusebenza kuphela kuya kukunceda ube yi-speedcuber. Okwangoku, zama ukuqonda isigaba esona sikhulu-ibandla lomnqamlezo. Ngendlela, i-speedcubes eziphumelelayo zenza i-intuitively, njengoko kungekho zifomula. Into ephambili kukufumana kwicala apho i-cube emhlophe iphakathi. Khumbula, ukuba i-cube nganye inemibala emibili kwaye ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka ihambisane namaziko amabini - emhlophe nombala. Khawuhlolisise icala kwicala elimhlophe lokuba nobukho beentambo ezimhlophe. Ukuba kunjalo, vele ujikeleze ngaphantsi kwekhamera ukuze uqhathanise umda kunye neziko lesibini. Ngoku jonga kwicala eliphambene: ukuba kukho ubuso obumhlophe, ngoko kulula ukubuyela kumgca omhlophe. Eminye imimandla ingatshintshwa phezulu ngokuphakamisa i-cube ngecala elimhlophe ukuya phezulu kwaye livela kulo.

Qalisa inkqubo yokwakha

Iziqendu ezimbini zokuqala zingabonakaliswa ngokulula. Le yimizuzwana enzima kakhulu kulabo bacinga ukuqokelela iCube yeRubik. Imiyalelo yabaqalayo iya kuba yinto ebonakalayo, kodwa ngokubanzi le nqanaba ingaqhutyelwa intuitively. Ingxaki ebalulekileyo ngolu hlobo ukufakwa kweekhebhu zekona kwinqanaba lokuqala. Abaphathi bejubane banamkelelo okhethekileyo kule nto, abayibiza ngokuthi "i-pif-puff". Ngendlela, unayo indlela yakhe. Iqhekeza isoloko izama ukugcina indawo emhlophe (kunye necala ngokulandelanayo). Khangela iteksi yecala ehambelana nemibala yamacala omda. Phakamisa umda ohlangothini ukuya phezulu, uze uholele ngasecaleni, ngokuphambene naso kwicala lomnqamlezo, "oshiya" ngaphesheya. Indlela yokulungelelaniswa kweekhebhu zekona zihlala zifana-ukukhangela i-cube kwisikhokelo sombala, ukuphuma kwayo kwintsimi efunwayo, kwaye -kususwe kwicala lobuso kunye ne "cube" entsha. Emva kokufaka ii cubes zekona kwindawo engezantsi, ungaya kwisibini ephantsi. I-algorithm iyafana, kodwa ukukhangela ii cubes kuba nzima nakude. Lawa macwecwe asemaphethelweni asetshenzisiweyo asetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa kwefomula enye kunye nomfanekiso wayo wesibuko. Ngaphambi kokulungelelaniswa, kufuneka ujikelele ungqimba ophezulu kwaye usethe ikheyibhile kwindawo ekufunayo. Soloko ukhangela umbala wobuso obunqamle ukufanisa umbala wecandelo eliphambili lobume obuphakathi. Ewe, kwaye ungabhubhisi umnqamlezo omhlophe ophezulu. Ukuba uyakha umgca omhlophe, ngoko awuyi kuphazamisa intembeko yayo kwi-priori, kodwa ukuba umbala wombala uya ku, ukutshatyalaliswa kwesiphambano esimhlophe kubangele i-chaos epheleleyo kwi-puzzle. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo okunjalo, unako ukuqokelela ngokupheleleyo umgca omhlophe kunye neziqendu ezimbini phantsi. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakho, amacandelo aphakathi kwamacandelo kufuneka ahambisane namaziko. Ngoku unayo isigaba sokugqibela - ukuqokelela kweekhebhu zekona kwicala eliphezulu.

Abantu abaninzi ngexesha labo lokukhulula baqokelela i-cube yeRubik kwaye bazame ukwenza okukhawuleza kwaye kulula kunabanye. Ukususela ngo-1980, ukukhangela kwaqala okokuqala kuthiwa yi-algorithm ye-assembly assembly. Ababalo beemathematika, abaprogram kunye nabalandeli bemigqabango yesayensi bafuna indlela evumela ukuxazulula iphazili ngenani elincinci lokuhamba. Ngo-2010, umprogram uThomas Rokiki, izibalo zeHermam Herbert Kotsemba kunye noMorley Davidson, kunye neenjineli uJohn Detridge baye bakwazi ukubonisa ukuba nayiphi na indlela yokucwangcisa i-puzzle ingasombulula kwi-20. Naliphi na ikota yobuso kuthathwa njengento yokuhamba.