Indlela ukutshintsha izenzi? Isenzi yahluka ukusuka kumaxesha ngamaxesha, amanani, le kwisizukulwana

Isenzi yiyo ehamba phambili, kunye yesibizo, inxalenye sentetho ulwimi Russian. It yenza isindululo undoqo, iqukumbela inkqubo. Malunga nendlela isenzi batshintshwa ukusuka kumaxesha ngamaxesha, isimo, abantu, inani lwekhefu, iza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku.

Isenzi: Iimpawu esisigxina

Zonke izigaba zentetho ezendeleyo kule okanye ezinye iimpawu. Lecebo ingqalelo conjugation isenzi kunye izimvo, reflexivity kunye transitivity. Izenzi ziyahluka ngabanye. Uhlobo ezi nguqu ibonisa uhlobo conjugation - 1 okanye 2. Umahluko lwesemantiki phakathi izenzi ze conjugations nezahlukileyo. Umahluko phakathi neziphelo buqu: ukusuka umntu 1 -em, Eks, -esh, -ete, ym (-yut), ngo-2 - kubo, -um, -ish, -ite, esa- (s) ukuba ngaphandle. Uhlobo yenzelwe ukubonisa umlinganiselo amanyathelo ukuya mzuzu zentetho. ifomu Perfect (umbuzo ntoni?) Ngaba isiphumo engafezekanga (ntoni?) Ngaba inkqubo. Umzekelo, hamba - hamba, cinga - ucinga. Ngokufuthi, umahluko silele yokuba izenzi imperfective ibonisa inyathelo phindo, kunye nefomu ogqibeleleyo - inyathelo ngexesha elinye. Umzekelo, hamba - hamba, ukupheka - ukupheka. Lo mqondiso rhoqo ngomlomo njengoko intlawulo, ibonisa iinkalo amanyathelo nabani na. Isalathisi ungaphila postfix -sya (imi): ukuqubha kuhlaba elula. Transitivity ibonisa amathuba liba nesimamva yolawulo into - njengesibizo kwimeko wesenzo. Yiloo nto ke, isenzi ukubhala - inguqulelo, njengoko unako eya kuhlanganiswa kunye namazwi, ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo ntoni? Ngubani:? Ukupeyinta, ukubhala emlonyeni. Nilindile isenzi - umenziwa, kuba akakwazi ukulawula njengesibizo kwimeko wesenzo.

ukuthambekela

Izenzi tshintsha amaxesha ngamaxesha, amaqela njalo. E., Oko kukuthi, ukuba luphawulwa baneempawu morphological and non-abasisigxina. Izenzi ukuba ekwaziyo ukutshintsha isimo sayo, ebizwa conjugates. osemqoka Ukukhokela kukukwazi ukutshintsha isimo kwezenzi, nto leyo ebonakalisa isimo sengqondo yenkqubo leyinene. Ngoko ke, kubabela elo ngumqondiso mood, ukuba kunyanzelekile kunye nezibonelelo. Zonke ezinye iimpawu non-abasisigxina yesenzi ixhomekeke kwi mood. Izenzi zingatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha kuphela kwi mood abonakalisa. Elidibeneyo (kwemiqathango) utyekelo na isakhiwo yemveli: isenzi kwixesha elidlulileyo ukuba yamasuntswana + (kugungxulelwa, kuxelelwa). Le Kunyanzelekile ke azakubalulwa isimamva -u okanye -te: ukubhala, sixelele.

ixesha

Ixesha - esi sigaba ekhethekileyo lesenzi yinqobo mood abonakalisa. Kusenokwenzeka elizayo, elidlulileyo langoku, oko kukuthi, lubonisa isimo sengqondo amanyathelo mzuzu ukuthetha. Isenzi kuyahluka maxa wambi ukuba uhlobo. Ixesha kunye nokuchaneka ukusetyenziswa kwayo luqinisekiswa kakhulu ngohlobo yesenzi. Ngoko ke, ngo izenzi perfective kusenokungabi langoku, kuba ibonisa ukuba inkqubo ethile. isimamva -l- yeyona sisalathisi iphambili kwixesha elidlulileyo yesenzi: Mnu OVOR, wafunda, wema. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba izenzi ayahluka ngokwesini kuphela kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ixesha elizayo senziwa ngokusebenzisa isenzi kwanancedisayo babe kunye nethi, ukuba yinto nesenzi imperfective: ukwakha - liya kwakha wafundisa - bafundise. Ukuba kwixesha elizayo kufuneka ubeke senzi ogqibeleleyo, amagama abangabancedani azifuneki: ukuqhuba - kuya kuqhuba, khangela - thatha look.

umntu

Udidi lixesha ekuchazeni ezinye i tag non-isigxina ngomlomo - ubuso. Izenzi atshintshe zamaqela kuphela kwixesha elizayo kunye langoku ngumqondiso, kwi mood kunyanzelekile. Umntu yesenzi yenzelwe ukubonisa inkqubo kwintetho-nxaxheba (umntu-1 okanye 2: ukuthetha, ukuphulaphula) okanye lowo ekubhekiselelwe kulo intetho (3 Umntu: obaziyo xelela). uhlobo Personal yesenzi kuthiwa ifom, ecaleni apho ukubuyisela isimelabizo buqu: ukufunda - I ukufunda, funda - sifunda, bhala - bhala phantsi, uhlale phantsi - uhlale phantsi, ujonge - yena / yona / ukuba ufuna bebandakanyiwe - ezivumelana.

inombolo

Udidi lwe sizalwa kuzo zonke iindawo eziguquguqukayo sentetho ulwimi Russian. Ngoko ke, inani yezenzi zingenakuqinisekiswa kuphela kwifom lokuqala, okt kwi nethi. Izenzi ziyahluka kwamanani kuzo zonke izimo (uhlale - ukuhlala - uhlale) kwaye maxa onke amaxesha (ukuzoba - draw - ndiya kubatsalela).

ifomu lecebo

Kuphela iimpawu abasisigxina linokuchazwa ngendlela engaguquki lesenzi. Yiyo le nethi kunye gerund. Esithi - sisiqalo naluphi na uhlobo ngomlomo. Zonke iimpawu abasisigxina ngomlomo azimisele ngalo. It silungiselela semantics amanyathelo, kodwa ukubonisa relatedness kwalo leyinene, hi nkarhi le ntetho, intetho-nxaxheba kule nkqubo. Isenzi utshintsha ngokuvumelana izimo namaxesha, kodwa akukho nethi.

Gerund - yenye lesiphumo ukuba iimo zezenzi akukho conjugated. Luhlanganisa intsingiselo yesenzi kunye nezihlomelo kwaye ibonisa ezongezelelweyo inyathelo, aphakamileyo. Gerund, efana nethi, nguye imiqondiso kuphela osisigxina. Nangona kunjalo, le nethi inokuba yinxalenye engundoqo isivakalisi okanye inxalenye lilungu eziphambili, kunye gerund - akukho. Kukho iimeko xa ebelidlula kwisivakalisi kuxhomekeke nethi: nemihlali Live. Loving, nenkathalo. Thenga, ungakufumani. Kuzo ezi zindululo predicativity ilele uhlobo yayo ayitshintshanga yesenzi.

uhlobo oluguqulweyo isenzi

Okumangalisayo kukuba, isenzi litshintsha kumatyala, okanye mandithi, uhlobo awodwa - umthendeleko. Luhlanganisa ngeempawu iimpawu abasisigxina kunye non-abasisigxina isichazi lesenzi. Ebelidlula ukwenza iziseko yesenzi ibonisa iimbono kunye nezimamva ezizodwa ukuvakalisa ixesha lokuba amiswa isici rhoqo. uphawu engaguquki amiswa kubalulekile. Ngoko ke, le fomu yesenzi kunokuba isixando okanye esebenzayo. Eli binzana bathi njengento esebenzayo okanye kwisixando sokwenziwa. Umzekelo, funda (ngokwakhe) - ilizwi esebenzayo, oko kukuthi asibubudlelane yokwenene, funda (umntu) - isixando, lo ebelidlula kwisixando sokwenziwa. Ixesha ebelidlula zatshintsha wenguqulo ukuba xa izichazi. Olu hlobo isenzi ungahluka inombolo kunye kwisizukulwana: ukucula - ukucula - ukucula - ukucula, ube uhlobo ngokupheleleyo kwaye elifutshane (kuphela passive): eyakhelwe - kwakhiwa. Mortality uzimisele kuphela ngamadlelane ngokupheleleyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa kwindlwana eziqhelekileyo - ntonye malunga ulwandle buschuyuschego - genitive, risuyuschemu igcisa kwi - dative, iingoma yixina - instrumental.