Indlela ukukhangela kweelana le multimeter; ngokuba imiyalelo yemilinganiselo

Eli nqaku lichaza ukuvavanya indlela ukungawi a multimeter. Ukongeza, ukuba ngaba umlinganiselo ngoku, lo ombane phakathi kweendawo ezimbini, neziphaluka prozvanivat. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo yesixhobo, inokusetyenziswa ukukhangela ode, transistors kunye nezinye erediyo ezininzi.

Ngawaphi multimeter?

Ngaphambili kusetyenziswa socofo (analog) imitha, kodwa abaninzi ngoku watshintshela digital lula ngakumbi.

Isalathisi isixhobo wamsebenzisa ngamagcisa. Usebenza kakhulu kuluhlu ngamaza erediyo kunye namasimi umoya, oko akudingi unikezelo igunya elizimeleyo, ngaphandle apho multimeters zedijithali ngeke isebenze. Kulo mzekelo, ukuchaneka iingxelo zabo ubukhulu becala ifuthe banxibe of neebhetri. Bangakwazi nokuba yonakele ekubhobhozeni electrostatic loo nto esongela ngumhloli analog.

Multimeter socofo isebenza njengoko ammeter exhotyiswe nezixhobo zokucima nokuvula, shunts kunye Izahluli ombane, evumela ukuba batshintshele iindlela ngemisebenzi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, lo isixhobo i-digital ubonisa iziphumo yesifaniso nasekubaleni umahluko phakathi parameters umlinganiselo kunye nemigangatho.

Imithetho kwezixhobo zokusebenza

Ukuze imitha ngalinye, iimpawu ezahlukileyo ukusuka nabanye, imilinganiselo zayo ezithile, kodwa kukho imigaqo esisinyanzelo kuzo zonke iintlobo izixhobo.

Ukuya kwisixhobo ethile eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, kwakunye efunekayo umlinganiselo uluhlu parameters isebenzisa iswitshi enye.

Imilinganiselo yenziwa kukuphatha umkhondo yentsimbi isingatha igqunyiwe ukuya izinikezeli.

Ixabiso parameter kulinganiswa kufuneka ibe phakathi uluhlu iswitshi lusekiwe. Imilinganiselo zenziwa kuqala phezu bands aphezulu, uze emva koko vala ukutshintsha ukuchana efunekayo.

Le voltmeter elidityaniswe ngamanqaku amabini kunye nekhono ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuze ukukala amandla ngoku kudala umsantsa sombane kunye ammeter enxulumene kuyo.

Resistance lalibalwa kwi element, luqhawulwe ukusuka wesekethe, ngokuthi bapase kulo umsinga wombane ukusuka eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kwiyunithi ibhetri.

Liphande wire ontsundu liqhagamshelene jack COM kunye esibondeni "-", kunye red - to VΩmA jack ukuya esibondeni ezintle.

Ifumaneka imifuziselo ezahlukeneyo multimeters, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo umsebenzi. Ukuze ngamnye kubo imiyalelo umenzi eqhotyoshelweyo esithi: ukulinganisa kwaye switsha iintlobo ngayo.

izixhobo DMM

Isiseko ukusebenza uninzi imifuziselo iyafana. Kusenokubakho icon eyahlukileyo kancinane, umda zemilinganiselo kunye nemisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. Yonke imiba yolawulo kunye nolawulo zifumaneka kwiqela lenjongo phambi: tshintsha iindlela kunye nemisipha, LCD, izihlanganisi for ixhokonxa.

Zizixhobo eziphambili kuzakukhetha ngokuzenzekelayo uluhlu womlinganiselo.

Ixhokonxa zenzelwe ukuba ukudluliselwa uphawu ukusuka iziqalelo isixhobo sombane wesekethe. Kubo, kule divayisi kwiindawo zokubeka ezintathu ezikufutshane. Xa umlinganiselo kufuneka kusoloko zigcinwe kuphela emphinini ngci.

isimiso ukusebenza

imitha yombane imifanekiso ezininzi isiphelo ephantsi-ebaleka kwi chip 1CL7106.

Xa uphawu ombane Walinganisa unikwa ukusuka switsha kwi igalelo 31 nge R17 resistor.

Ukulinganisa ubukhulu wesekethe DC eqhagamshelwe multimeter isikhewu. Kul waqonda resistors kuxhomekeke kuluhlu kwangaphambili, ngoko ke drop ombane kubo input 32.

Lo mzobo ubonisa kuphela imisebenzi esisiseko. imifuziselo abaninzi ophe. Yeyiphi imitha kuhle, umsebenzisi ngamnye isigqibo, kuxhomekeke nkcukacha lomlinganiselo.

ukumelana nesilinganiso circuit

Enoba ziziphi iintlobo waba multimeter, isicelo ohmmeter kuba phantse zonke. Kakhulu zihlolwe ngoncedo resistors, abaguquli, inductors kunye serviceability le fuse. Apha ngezantsi kukho umzobo lula resistors yomlinganiselo.

Kukho iyasetyenziswa le resistors reference R1 ... R6 kunye ombane ukuqhuba R101 kunye ne R103. Kwimo womlinganiselo aze athelekise ombane reference input ilingana lulwahlulo resistances elilinganisiweyo kwanokukhangela.

Ifowuni isetyenziswa ukubhaqa amakhefu umxokelelwane, kohlulwe amacwecwe capacitor, ekuhloleni ingqibelelo izinikezeli eshicilelweyo kwiibhodi elektroniki.

Indlela yokulinganisa ukumelana?

Indlela ukukhangela uxhathiso le multimeter, nceda ufunde imiyalelo, kodwa indlela kuqhelekile wayifanisa ezininzi. On icandelo tester uxhathiso uphawulwe yi "Omega". Xa imifanekiso uhlobo M832 eqhelekileyo M83h, MAS83x imida imilinganiselo echazwe-5: 200 Ohm, 2 K, 20 K, 200 K, 2 M. Ngapha koko, i-sikhundla 6 sisetyenziselwa ngemixokelelwane phambili. I-Ayanda luvuliwe xa ukuxhathisa phakathi ixhokonxa of ohms ngaphantsi kwama-50. Xa isixhobo wabo interconnecting ubonisa ixabiso ukumelana kancinane ngentla zero. Xa ixabiso nangobude ukumelana encinane, nexabiso elichazwa sisuswe ukufundwa.

Umzekelo, ukuba resistor ogama uxhathiso akukho malunga 1.5-7 K multimeter umlinganiselo ukuba M832 khetha umda uluhlu ka 20 K.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izixhobo, i ohmmeter nga kala ukuxhathisa ayikaziwa na umqolo, oko akuyi kukhokelela nokungaphumeleli kwawo. Ukuba sicwangciso ne kangangoko kuyimfuneko, khusi ukutshixa omnye okanye zero. Kwimeko yokuqala kuyimfuneko kukwandisa qondo liphezulu kuluhlu yokulinganisa, kunye yesibini - ukunciphisa.

Ziqapheleni! Phambi kokuba khangela ukuxhathisa multimeter, wabaqalayo ngokuqhelekileyo ndizixhalabise ngezandla zozibini ephilayo nxalenye ezinjengeetheminali ixhokonxa. Ngenxa yoko, i-resistor lulinganiselwa kwaye nomzimba Ukwazisa impazamo ukufundwa. Kuyinto mkhulu ngakumbi xa ixabiso eliyimali ulinganiswa megohms. iinkcukacha Iziphumo kwaye ubambe i-probe ngesandla esinye kuphela. Le mfuneko kufuneka ilandelwe xa ukuvavanya naziphi na izakhi elektroniki.

Xa kulungiswa izixhobo electronic lidla kufuneka ukuba umlinganiselo kweelana le resistor soldered kungena wesekethe. Ukuze ufumane i ukufunda echanileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba unsolder enye izigqibo. Umphathi wesekethe yokulinganisa iya kwenziwa kuphela ye ohmmeter kunye resistor. Ukuba soldered kumphathi wesekethe, umlo phakathi iiclamps kunye namanye amacandelo zeradiyo ziya bubonke. Ukuba le nto kakhulu izigqibo, kuba umlinganiselo kufuneka kuqala ube vypayat ngokupheleleyo.

ukumelana UMZEKELO womlinganiselo

Ezifunekayo ukulinganisa kweelana Ikhoyili, nto leyo ihlelo ayaziwa. Ngokubanzi, nelona qondo liphezulu ke ubuninzi. Xa iswitshi imiselwe ku "-2m" kwaye uqhagamshele coil ezinjengeetheminali Ihlole zonke zero ukuvela kwiskrini. Oku kuthetha ukuba jiko ukumelana sombane zezona, kodwa uluhlu womlinganiselo ekhethiweyo ayilunganga.

Emva koko kufuneka ukucwangcisa switsha "200 K", ongqamana uluhlu 0-200 K uze uqhagamshele ixhokonxa multimeter kwakhona. Kwi ixabiso ukumelana ziya kuboniswa, nto leyo ilingana 00,5 ohms. Ukuba ubungqina phambi kwesishumi kukho abayi-, ngoko ufuna ukunciphisa uluhlu lokulinganisa kwakhona. Isithuba elandelayo isixhobo iswitshi uya 0,73 ohms. Eli xabiso ayisekho kunjalo.

Ukuba ufuna ukufumana isiphumo luchaneke kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa uluhlu ukuya 0-2 ohms nokulinganisa kwakhona. Kwi 0,751 ohms ziya kuboniswa.

Ukuba uvula isixhobo iya kubonisa oku "1" ukulinganisa lomqolo 0-200 ohms, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ixabiso elilinganiselweyo lugqithe ngaphaya umda eliphezulu.

Phambi prozvanivat coil multimeter ubukho yeliwa, kuyimfuneko ukucwangcisa iswitshi kule imo, uze uqhagamshele uvavanyo kukhokelela esiphelweni sayo. Ubukho uphawu isandi ibonisa ukuba le sekethe uyasebenza. Ukuba Ayanda "cwaka", oko kuthetha ukuba breakage coil.

Ixhokonxa for multimeter

Ixhokonxa abahloli mali aningabo ekumgangatho ophezulu, nangona abanye babo bajonge ezikhwankqisayo. Xa uthenga kufuneka zikhethwe ezinjalo ukuba ucingo yi elastic lanamathela kwindawo entry.

iphela Conductive zenziwe ngohlobo neenaliti, ukuze abe nako imngene wire ubushushu okanye ukufumana Qukumbela chips kunye inyathelo encinane. Ubhedu wayesebenzisa, leyo ayiqondakali ubamba buthelezi. Ngaphezu koko, lo itywina inaliti uzaphule kwiindawo.

Ucingo yokwambathisa ebandayo uba twa kwaye kunzima ukusebenzisa isixhobo.

Enye ethile - qhagamshelana namakhwiniba okusikrotyana device. Xa izikimu Ayanda ivame kulahleka.

Ixhokonxa ukuba imitha kaninzi kuye kufuneke ukuba isemgangathweni kunye ngezandla zabo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le iingcingo soldered kwi lugs nezidibanisi kumngxunyana ekhethiweyo abanye. Incam kufuneka zaludit ukuba xa unqakraza kwi kwinqanaba lomlinganiselo ixabiso ukumelana izimele yengcinezelo feed.

Uyacetyiswa ukuba ukubuyisela ucingo kunye necandelo elikhulu umnqamlezo ukuze anciphise besenza. Le iingcingo izikhwebu ukumelana ohms 0.2-0.5, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu.

Khangela ohmmeter kokuba umsebenzi

Xa ukusebenza izinikezeli imitha Ihlole ukuguga, ethi ichaphazele iziphumo zemilinganiselo ( "tsiba" ebonisa). Phambi kokuba umsebenzi kufuneka ihlolwe. Ukuze benze oku, i isixhobo kuzakucwangcisa uluhlu kwanala elifutshane circuited kunye nezinye ixhokonxa nganye. Emva iviwe abaqhubi bayo ngci. Xa umfowunelwa kakuhle ngaphakathi isiboniso uya uwisile ukufundwa. Unakho ukukhangela dipstick ikwimo phambili. Ukuba Ayanda izakulahleka kwaye ivele kwakhona, oko kuthetha abafowunelwa ukungathembeki.

Power supply

Le fowuni kufakwa "Krona" ibhetri 9 V. Ukuba imitha umfanekiso lokubonakala icon ibhetri, oko kubonisa ukuba ufile kwaye kufuneka itshintshwe. Kungenjalo, ukufundwa ziya kuba engachanekanga.

Kwi ethile multitester apho iqhosha movie. Xa icinezelwe, ukufundwa nethi irekhodelwe ukufunda lula. Ukubuyela umva umsebenzi oqhelekileyo, oko kuyimfuneko kuku cofa iqosha.

isiphelo

multimeter nganye modeli kuthengiswa kunye imiyalelo ekufuneka kuvavanywa ngononophelo, kuba uhlobo ngalunye lefowuni awohluke yayo.

Phambi kokuba ukhangela luvukelo multimeter kufuneka amisele ixabiso layo luqikelelo. Ukuba ixabiso ohms ezimbalwa, loo nto ayikwazi unsolder ukusuka ebhodini. Xa umlinganiselo othe e megohms resistor kufuneka desoldering nokulinganisa ingakhange irwece izikhonkwane ngesandla.