Indlela oyile eninzi eRashiya uthengisa ngonyaka? Yimalini oyile negesi ngonyaka athengise Russia?

I-Russian Federation yeyona elithumela yerhasi yendalo. Kuye ke oovimba yesibini ngobukhulu amalahle. Lo matshini licence kuye iingxoxo malunga yokuba iRussia kukade icangcisiwe kwi amandla "Trainspotting." Ngoko ke ngoku Abantu rhoqo baye babe nomdla kwindlela oyile eninzi eRashiya uthengisa ngonyaka. RF nazo yesibhozo ehlabathini ngokwemigaqo zolondolozo yeoli, kodwa ke umthamo lwemveliso udlula ukuba naliphi na ilizwe ehlabathini. Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukuqonda indlela ukuwa okukhulu kwamaxabiso for "igolide black" liye ngayo uqoqosho lwelizwe. Kwakhona siza kuxoxa kolu shishino le Russian Federation of ngaphandle, beka hydrocarbon kubume bayo, uqikelelo leengcaphephe ngokuncipha kwezibonelelo zendalo, ingakumbi-nkqubo karhulumente amandla.

Yimalini oyile Russia uthengisa kunyaka

Njengoko ka December 2015, i-Russian Federation ivelise umlinganiselo million 10.83 nemigqomo. Le yi-12% yemveliso yehlabathi. Kulo mzekelo, imo esitokisini kuphela kwindawo yesibhozo. Imveliso ye-oyile Russian ekrwada - ngokufanayo-12%. Ngowe-2015, loo nto wathengisa million 396 iitoni. Ukucinga ukuba ixabiso lemakethi olubekwe kwi $ 30 umphanda. sithathe ingqalelo indlela oyile eninzi eRashiya uthengisa ngonyaka. Sifumana ubungakanani angaphandle. Oku 87 billion, 30 ngaphezulu uzokwazi kwi igesi.

namanye amazwe

Kwi-avareji, phakathi kuka-1997 no-2015, isixa ezithunyelwa ngaphandle nezingenayo waba Russia 9,11295 billion US zeerandi. Irekhodi omkhulu ngoJanuwari ka-2012, lo uphantsi - ngoFebruwari ka-1998. Ukuba sithetha ioli indlela negesi ngonyaka ethengisa eRashiya, impendulo iya kuba - 58% yenani lilonke ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Into ebalulekileyo kwakhona ukuthunyelwa amaplanga. Oko athengise Russian, ngaphandle iinkuni, oyile negesi? Ezinye ezithunyelwa ziquka isinyithi (nickel, intsimbi), imveliso yemichiza, oomatshini kunye nezixhobo emkhosini. Amaqabane ephambili urhwebo zezi eRashiya, China, Jamani ne Italy.

kuba uya Mingaphi iminyaka ngokwaneleyo oovimba oyile

I-revolution lobuchwepheshe kunye nenkqubela ukwanda kweemfuno namandla, kodwa ukuba umntu oqhelekileyo acinga ukuba oovimba akukho ndawo na? Ukutshona kwelanga USSR kwizikolo Soviet, ootitshala baxelelwa ukuba amalahle omnyama kuya kuthatha iminyaka eli-150, omdaka - 650, neoli - 200, igolide - 100 kunye nedayimani - at 80. Noko ke, ngenxa kowama-2000 kuye kwacaca ukuba ukusetyenziswa imithombo yendalo landa. Kudingeka abantu 1.5 ngaphezu kungenzeka kut- kwezibonelelo planethi. Ngelo xesha linye abemi kumazwe asebenzise izibonelelo ngakumbi kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo. Nangona kunjalo ulawulo yokugqibela 2/3 loovimba yeoli yehlabathi. Russia kule salathisi kwi ndawo 8. Kumphakamo wangoku zemveliso kwi-Russian Federation liya kuhlala kangangeminyaka engama-21, ehlabathini - engama-50. Ngokuphathelele zolondolozo igesi, kukho Russian kwindawo yokuqala. Kumphakamo wangoku kwimveliso kuya kuthatha iminyaka engama-80 eRashiya, 60 - ehlabathini.

Kutheni namafutha engabizi?

Kuyabonakala, ngokutsho uqikelelo isazi, oovimba "igolide black" engama-50 kuphela Kwanele ehlabathini. Lingaphantsi kwenkulungwane, kodwa kutheni, ngoko, emarikeni yasungulwa njenge ngexabiso eliphantsi? Ngokutsho ngezoqoqosho oyintloko NEF James Medway, kule meko kukho izizathu kakhulu njongo. Ke omkhulu phakathi kwabo - ekuthiwa-revolution shale. Ukohluka amafutha elitsha kukuba ekuqaleni nto ayizange njengento ngoorhulumente, ngoko ke wathabatha ilifa iinkampani zabucala. hormone Global yamafutha livela yokuba iinkampani ezinkulu lwasekhaya musa ithathele ingqalelo ukuvela kwabadlali abatsha kwi kugquma, ezo iimfuno zabo. Emva bank mali inkulu Septemba 2015 Goldman Sachs kaThixo, iye yapapashwa lentelekelelo wayo ukuba i "igolide black 'ukuze kuhla eerandi 20 umphanda, yonke ingqalelo ijolise kwi-Russian Federation. Kwakubonakala ukuba ihlabathi liphela uzama ukubala njani imali eninzi eRashiya ilahlekelwa ngenxa ukuwa kwamaxabiso e-oli. Nangona kunjalo, le ntlekele akukenzeki. Ibhajethi wabeka phantsi ixabiso $ 50 ngo-2016 umphanda, enyanisweni siyi-30 kuphela Ngenxa umthamo kumazwe angaphandle, ngomhla we-Russian Federation ulahlekelwa malunga 200 ezigidi US lwemali.

Poswayo Bangaphi Russia?

imbono zemali ziye ngokuhlalutywa meko esuka amaxabiso oyile ephantsi irekhodi kunye nezohlwayo kwezoqoqosho, baye baqikelela ukuba Russian Federation kwisithuba ukususela ngowama-2014 ukuya 2017 ziya kuphulukana malunga $ 600 yezigidi zezigidi. Ngelo xesha linye angaphumelela ekufundeni kwabo amaxabiso $ 50 umphanda. Kwakhona ube uyazi wena kunye nelahleko yotyalo-mali ngqo. Ngokutsho kwabo, abahlali kufuneka silinde omnye umjikelo ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye utsibe kwi dollar.

Ngelo xesha, ehlabathini

Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sengeniso efunyenwe oyile Russian. Noko ke, kokukhona ke engazivumeli Russian Federation, kwaye akuzange na ishishini le-USA. Ngokutsho kweengcali, iindleko-olusebenzayo ngexabiso zeerandi 70-77 umphanda. Noko ke, phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-21, iingcali balindele ukuhla elibukhali kwi balance eneji. Kubathengi eziphambili yeoli ibe elilizwe wesithathu, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ixesha yokutshintshela ezizezinye zobugcisa. Ngoko ke, 21 "igolide black" ngokukhethekileyo ngokwaneleyo, kunye nexabiso layo elifanelekileyo Ziza kumana zisihla zinyuka kwinqanaba 70-100 zeerandi

Nkqubo Energy Russia kaThixo

Kwa kwelixesha kude kube sekupheleni kuka-2020 kwi-Russian Federation qhinga esebenzayo, wangena ukusebenza ngo-2003. Iqalisa eziphambili zilandelayo kweli lizwe:

• Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
• Ukunyuka okukhethekileyo kwamandla alingeneyo.
• Ukunciphisa nefuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo.
• Amandla kunye nophuhliso lweteknoloji.
• Sebenza kwi ukusebenza kunye inzuzo encumisayo.

NgoJulayi 2008, umongameli Russian usayine umthetho ngokwendlela apho urhulumente angasusa oyile negesi kwi ithala ngaphandle ithenda. Oku kwabangela Ukujala inkcaso. NgoFebruwari 2011, iRussia yasayina isivumelwano kunye neTshayina, phantsi apho, kutshintshiselwano kuba $ 25 billion mboleko uza kubahlangula imithamo emikhulu oli ekrwada kule minyaka ingama-20 ezayo.

Iingxaki imboni

Oyile negesi 60% ngaphandle Russian ne-30% ye-GDP. Ngomhla urhulumente kuvelisa million 10.6 nemigqomo. Indlela oyile eninzi eRashiya uthengisa ngonyaka? Iquka malunga ne-12% iimfuno zehlabathi. Uqoqosho Russian uxhomekeke kakhulu kwi hydrocarbon kumazwe angaphandle. RF Kwakhona usebenzisa isikhundla sakhe njenge umniki-oyile negesi-nkqubo yayo angaphandle. I-EU isebenzela ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka amandla iRussia. Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-2000, kwi-Russian Federation kunye Ukraine ziye iingxabano eziliqela apho kubonelelo irhasi eYurophu wamiswa. Ukongeza, ukwakhiwa yemiswa i Nabucco ezisendleleni. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-EU akakabi boyise ukuxhomekeka lalo lamandla ombane. Njengoko ngexabiso elifanelekileyo ioli, iingcali asikafikeleli kuvumelana kulo mba.