Indawo yokubunjwa kweeplatelets. Ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi weeplatelets

Iiseli ezincinane kunazo zonke iiplatelet. Zibukeka njengee disk zenyukliya. Ubuninzi bawo buyi-4 microns kuphela, kwaye ubukhulu bufikelela kwi-0.75 microns. Kwimizuzu nganye yegazi lomntu, inani leplatelet liphakathi kwe-180 ne-350 x 10 ⁹ .

Indlela yokubonakala kweeplatelets

Iiplati zegazi zivela ngexesha lokuqhekeka kwe-cytoplasm. Bahluke kwiiseli ezinkulu zamathambo - megakaryocytes. Bona, nabo babonakala njengesiphumo se-endomitosis. Emva kokuhlukana, ama-cycles 3-5 ayenzeka, apho i-chromosomes iphindwe kabini, kodwa i-cytoplasm ayihlukaniswanga. Iingcali zibiza le nkqubo inxalenye engaphelelanga.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba indawo yokubunjwa kweeplatelet ngumongo obomvu. Ukusuka kuyo baphuma baze bafake igazi. Kodwa okwesithathu kubo kufakwa kwangoko. Oku kubangelwa ukunyuka okuthe ngcembe ngeentambo ezibethayo zenteni. I-2/3 esele ijikeleza ngegazi kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe ezisixhenxe. Ubuninzi bexesha lobomi babo lunokufikelela kwiintsuku eziyi-12.

Inkqubo ye-nucleation yamacwecwe

Ukuze uqonde indlela iiseli zegazi ezincinci zibonakala ngayo, akumele ukwazi ukuba yindawo yokubunjwa kwamaplatelets. Kubalulekile ukufumanisa inkqubo yophuhliso lwabo. Ngoko, ukhokho ngu-megakaryoblast. Le nkulu iseli, ubukhulu bayo bufikelela kuma-microns angama-20 kunye nenucleus. Iqukethe iicucleotides. I-megakaryoblast iguqulwa ibe yi-promegakaryocyte. Esi sakhiwo sithandeka kwi-polymorphism engundoqo, i-cytoplasm ayiyi-granular, i-basophilic.

Inqanaba elilandelayo lokuphuhlisa i-megakaryocyte. Le yununu enkulu emnxeni wethambo, ububanzi bayo buvela kwi-60 ukuya kwi-120 microns. Iqulethe iqhosha elibalulekileyo, elingathatha iifom ezinqabileyo kakhulu. I-cytoplasm yayo inkulu ngobukhulu, i-granular ne-inclusions ye-pink-violet.

Isigaba esiphezulu sokuqala sibukeka kwimigakaryocyte ye-thrombocytopenic. Emva kwakhe, iiplatelets zikhawuleza zodwa. Bahluke kwi-cytoplasm ye-megakaryocyte. Konke oku kuyenzeka emnzini wethambo, le yindawo ephezulu yokubunjwa kweplatelet.

Ukukhethwa kwamacwecwe

I-megakaryocytes ye-thrombocytopenic emnxeni wethambo itholakala kumphezulu we-endothelium, obizwa ngokuba yi-sinus. Iiprogramm zazo zigqithise ngayo. Abanye babo bangena kwi-lumen yesinithi 1-2 μm kwaye balungise i-megakaryocyte ekupheleni kwe-endothelium. Bakhonza njengamahange. Ezinye iinkqubo zidebhoni ze-cytoplasm long, ubude obufikelela kuma-microns ayi-120. Badlula kwi-lumen yesono. Babizwa ngokuba yi-prothrombocytes. I-megakaryocyte nganye ingaba nayo ukusuka kwi-6 kuya kwi-8.

Kwi-lumen ye-sinus, ukuphambana kwendawo ye-cytoplasm kuqala. Ngenxa yoko, iqhuma kwaye ibonakala malunga nama-platelet ayi-1000. Le ndawo yokubunjwa kweeplatelets akuyiyo yokugqibela. Oku kubangelwa ukuba i-prothrombocytes ibuye ingene kwigazi. Bafikelela kwibhedi ye-microcirculatory yamapapu, iiplatelet ezipheleleyo zikhutshwa khona zivela kuzo. Yingakho iimvumba ze-pulmonary zininzi zazo kunemibhobho ehambelanayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba i-7 ukuya ku-17% yazo zonke i-thrombocytes ezidlulayo kwigazi zingenza kuyo.

Iintlobo zeeseli

Iingcali zihlukanisa iintlobo ezininzi zeeseli zegazi. Hlulela iiplatelets ezincinane. Xa kuthelekiswa neefom ezivuthiweyo, ziyaziwa ngobukhulu obukhulu, ukutya okusanhlamvu kunye ne-bluish hyalomer. Ukuqulunqwa kwabo kuthinteka ngumsebenzi ophuculweyo we-bone lomnatha, udla ngokudibana nokulahleka okukhulu kwegazi.

Ukubonakala, iiplatelets ezindala ziyahluka. Ifoto phantsi kwe-microscope ikuvumela ukuba uqwalasele ubukho bomncinci obuncitshisiweyo, inani elikhulu le-vacuoles kunye ne-granules. Ahluke kwiindawo ezichaseneyo, i-granulomer eninzi, enokuhlala kuyo yonke iplatelet. Inani eligqithisileyo libonisa ukubonakala kwesifo esibi.

Ukukhupha iifomu zokucaphukisa. Le yimigama evela kwi-megakaryocyte, ebonakalayo xa inkqubo yokuhlukana iphukile. Ubukho babo bubonisa isifo segazi. Ngokusoloko zibukeka zincinci okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, iiplatelet zegazi ezinkulu zegazi lomntu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, igazi kufuneka libe neengxelo ezingaphezu kwe-90% zeefomethi ezivuthiweyo. Ziyi-disk eboshwe ngemida ecacileyo, i-granulometer ephakathi, equkethe ama-5-20 apiphilic, i-lilac hyalometer.

Inkqubo yobomi bomsebenzi

Kubonakala kwintsipho yethambo, iiseli zishiya indawo ephambili yokubunjwa kweeplatelets. Ngendlela, imveliso yazo ilawulwa yi-thrombocytopoietins. Bathi, babonakala kungekhona nje emnzini wethambo, kodwa nakwi-spleen, isibindi. Iingcali zihlukanisa amaqela amabini e-thrombocytopoietins. Zingaba zixesha elide okanye elifutshane. Iyokuqala yabo ibambe iqela ekuzaleni ukukhula kunye nokwahlukana kwama-megakaryocyte, ngelixa ekugqibeleni ukuphucula ukucoca kwezi zicwecwe ezincinci nokukhawuleza ukungena kwigazi.

I-Thrombocytes isatshatyalaliswa, iifoto ezibonakalayo kwiimpawu ezininzi, ngokuqhelekileyo emva kweveki yokusebenza. Le nqubo iqhutyelwa ikakhulu kumathambo esithambo, kodwa ezi iiseli zegazi zidibanisa ngepeni kunye nesibindi. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwenzeka kwiiseli ezithile zeenkqubo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-macrophages.

Ulwakhiwo lwamacwecwe

Iiplatelet nganye ezivuthiweyo zingahlula zibe yimimandla emithathu. Inxalenye yendawo yokumamela imelwe ngumbumba oluhlu lwesithathu. Iqulethe i-receptors ye-collagen, i-serotonin, i-thrombin, i-epinephrine, i-ADP. Kwinqanaba elingaphandle lebhubhane kukho ulwahlulo olukhethekileyo lwe-amorphous elinezinto ezinoxanduva lokugcoba i-plasma yegazi.

Umgangatho wendawo yoluhlu lwe-sol-gel. Iqukethe izithuba ezizodwa kunye ne-outlet ukuya kwicandelo langaphandle lebhubhane. Kwakhona, uluhlu luqulethe i-microfilaments enoxanduva lobumba obufana ne-disk. Iipropati zale nxalenye yeeplatelet zixhomekeke kwindlela ukuhoxiswa kwe-clot yegazi kuya kwenzeka.

Ummandla we-organelles nawo uhlala wodwa. Iqulethe i-glycogen kunye ne-alpha-granules, imizimba enamandla, imitochondria.

Imisebenzi

Emva kokufunda indlela echazwe ngayo iincinci ezincinci zegazi, abaninzi baqala ukuzibuza ukuba zeziphi iiplatelet ezenzayo. Zenzelwe ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-hemostasis, uncedise ukulungiswa kwemithambo yegazi. Oku kuyenzeka ngenyaniso yokuba banokuqhotyoshelana kwiindonga ezimele kwaye babuyiselwe. Kwakhona, ezi iiseli ziyimfuneko ukukhusela ukuphuma kwegazi kunye nokukhululwa komzimba womzimba omkhulu ophuma kwigazi.

Kuqinisekiswa ukuba le mi sebenzi yenziwa ngeepropati zeeplatelets: ukunamathela kunye nokuhlanganiswa. Ngoko babizwa ngokuba banako ukunamathela kwi-subendothelium kwaye banamathele ndawonye.