Indawo Geographical of Antarctica: isishwankathelo

Indawo Geographical Antarctica - loo nto kuphela ukuba phantse ngokungathandabuzekiyo phakathi abahambi amaninzi kumaxesha amandulo, uya kufuna kwilizwekazi yesithandathu. wenzela ilizwe Unknown, ngokoluvo lwabo, ukuya emzantsi Afrika kunye Australia. Kwaye kwafunyanwa Antarctica ngo-1820. I indawo okuyo belizwekazi ngoku lusekiwe kakuhle. Yile becala kugqiba ubungqongqo imozulu kunye nezinye iimeko kweli lizwekazi.

Indawo Geographical of Antarctica: isishwankathelo

Kumaxesha amandulo, uAristotle bakholwa ubukho ilizwekazi elikude ukuya ezantsi. uluvo lwakhe wayezixhasa imfundiso wolingano zehlabathi; kwiZwekazi kufuneka ukulungelelanisa kwemfuneko wayo ngasentla. Kwaye, eneneni, kwilizwekazi enomkhenkce ise kwingingqi emazantsi ezibandayo. Indawo, malunga kwimimandla Arctic zomhlaba, nokuba ibonakala egameni layo. Isimaphambili "anti" kusho zamandulo zamaGrike "nxamnye".

Geographical indawo umda indawo Antarctica, ebizwa ngokuba Antarctic. Kuxhomekeke ngaphakathi 48-60º S. w. Le ndawo yile mpumalanga, kuqikelelwa kwi ezikwere zeekhilomitha 13.975. Phakathi kulo mzobo, kwaye ice ezishelfini, kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe apha kule amazwekazi siqithi. Ukuba ekubaleni ndawo kweshelfu elizwekazi uthabathe ingqalelo, kuyanda inani ukuya ku-16 355 thous. Km ^2.

Edge kunye nendawo

Indawo Geographical of Antarctica iphawulwa usingasiqithi elide, nto leyo wasolula isandla Umzantsi Melika. Nantsi ingongoma yomntla lwase. Le Cape Sifre. Wafika 63º13 'inkululeko emzantsi. Kwelinye icala indawo lizwe kwelizwekazi enomkhenkce alinikwa kakhulu kuya olwandle.

uhlela kwelo ziko Antarctica - malunga 84º S. w and in 64º. e. Yabizwa ngokuba "pole nokungafumaneki". Imibono malunga nendawo ngqo diverge yayo eziliqela. Zesayensi, eli pole nokungafumaneki na qelele kuyo ukusuka kwiindlela zothutho kwimeko amazwekazi amathandathu - ukusuka kunxweme. Noko ke, izinto ezininzi, kuquka nemeko ethile ngokwejiyografi Antarctica, zikhokelele kwinto yokuba indawo yayo akukho lula ukuqinisekisa ukuba. Shore line enokwenziwa kwi "indawo yokuhlangana 'lomhlaba namanzi, okanye ice ezishelifini kunye neelwandle. Ngenxa yoko, indawo ngqo ze-pole nokungafumaneki ayichazwanga. It unxulunyaniswa efanayo isikhululo eSoviet igama obekwe kwi 82º06 'w. w. kunye 54º58 'ukuba. d.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, indawo embindini lizwekazi akukho kunye nendawo South Pole idibana. Ukuba yinyaniso khetha lokuqala zilungelelanise bathi, lo therebetween umgama imalunga 660 km.

izwekazi okuphezulu

Ngoxa ukufunda Indawo esikuyo Antarctica beBakala 7, bambalwa abantu khumbula indlela kwilizwekazi "wayiphakamisa" ngentla komgangatho wolwandle. ilizwekazi wesithandathu ithathwa kweliphezulu. Isizathu sokuba iqhwa bale. I-avareji ukuphakama phezu Antarctica yokuphakama wamawaka amabini eemitha. Xa iziko kwelizwekazi liphuma ku-4000 m Inkoliso yale amandla -. Ice. 0.3% kuphela isiqabu Antarctica ngokukhululekileyo kuyo. Ukuphakama komhlaba kwi kwilizwekazi lesithandathu amaxesha 2.8 obungaphezu bonke obamanye amazwekazi.

iinxalenye ezimbini

Inani kuzo ngumkhenkce, iqulathe Transantarctic Iintaba. Njengokuvuyelela kwabo ekwabeni kwabo kwilizwekazi ibe kwiingingqi ezimbini: West kunye East Antarctica. Le mimandla ezahlukeneyo kubume kunye nemvelaphi. Kwinxalenye esempuma - indawo apho kukho ihewu kakhulu ophezulu lizwekazi, ukufikelela uphawu amawaka amane iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. ummandla Western yelungu iziqithi weentaba eqhagamshelwe omnye komnye ngumkhenkce. Kwindawo enye, kunxweme wePasifiki, ibekwe Antarctic Andes, nayo ngaphaya 4000 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Ingongoma eliphezulu lizwekazi - Vinson Massif. It ise-West Antarctica lisingisa 4892 m. Xa isahlulo enye, kwaye "phantsi" indawo inkoliso yezwe. Le ukudakumba Bentley ezaliswe ngumkhenkce. Ukujula kwawo ifikelela 2555 m ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle.

cover encomekayo

indawo okuyo Antarctica - isitshixo nokuqonda zonke iinkalo yezwe. Kuyinto isizathu sokuba loo omkhenkce onomtsalane lizwekazi. Imfundo efanayo inokufumaneka Greenland. Nangona kunjalo, i-ice Antarctic "isigqubuthelo" bubalaselayo izihlandlo ezilishumi. Iinkcukacha zale sakhiwo eziphawulekayo. Apha wenza 90% yazo zonke umkhenkce ophezu ilizwe iplanethi yethu. ubungakanani bayo - malunga 33 million km cubic!

inshorensi Ice ke ukubunjwa efana nkundla. Le steepness bobume kwandisa ukuya elunxwemeni. Le olwenzeka kancane ubunzima kudala intshukumo ngumkhenkce malunga ngentshabalalo (ablation ngokwenzululwazi). Kuba le ndawo Antarctica lowo umda. Apha, umkhenkce waphula off, kwazo kwakheka. Nyaka ngamnye, ngumthamo opheleleyo, intshabalalo umalunga 2.5 amawaka ^km-3.

feature

Njengoko sibonile, indawo okuyo ze yoncedo Antarctic kunye glacial ke kuhlangene. Ukubeka i zwekazi kukhokelele ukuvela enye inkalo belizwekazi. Le ndawo elikhulu ice ezishelifini. Baya ngokuyinxenye idada emanzini, ngokomkhethe isekelwe phezu emazantsi, oko lususela nonxweme. iishelfu Ice - umthombo kakhulu ezihamba kwazo bayo. Kwiimeko ngamnye echaphazela imilinganiso yalo kude kakhulu oqhele ngemimangaliso oosonzululwazi Antarctica. Umzekelo onguwo - Iceberg B-15, kwaphulwa kude ngo-2000 ukusuka Ross Ice Ubude. Kuye indawo kweekhilomitha ngaphezu alishumi lamawaka square.

Ebusika (kwi kumntla ikhweyitha ngeli xesha kwehlobo) intsimi yile emkhenkceni uthelekelelwa 18 million km ^². Xa indawo kufika ihlobo, indawo yabo lincitshiswe ukuya kwizigidi 3-4 ^{² km.}

imfundo yamandulo

Abaphandi Kuqikelelwa ukuba qhwa yelizwekazi yabunjwa malunga ne-14 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Not indima mncinane kule mayidlalwe kuwohloka Jumpers phambi kokuxhuma kwilizwekazi lesithandathu naseMzantsi Merika. "Landelayo" kuyo - i Antarctic Peninsula. Le nkqubo ikwafanayo yakhokelela ekwakhiweni imisinga kwaye awuvule (circumpolar Atlantic) Western, leyo esahlula amanzi kwilizwekazi ezingqongileyo, ukusuka elwandle.

umda eziqingqiweyo

Indawo Geographical Antarctica kwisicwangciso okanye imephu indawo kwakhona sichazwa isondele i-Atlantic, i-Pacific and nolwase-Indiya. Kwezinye iincwadi ukuba ngomda ngqo kwilizwekazi. Ngamanye Antarctica zihlanjwe ngamanzi Southern Ocean. umda walo eziqingqiweyo ukuze kuchazwe ukuba imimoya Koloni. Ukuqhela Southern Ocean yi kunokuba sesikweni, nangona ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo kwenkulungwane, ngakumbi yaye amaxesha amaninzi afumaneka kwi ncwadi.

Iimeko lokubanda amanzi engeenxa zonke kwilizwekazi ziyahluka kuluhlu kwi -2 ° C 10 ° C. I-Southern Ocean - yindawo izaqhwithi eyomeleleyo kunye nemimoya. Ebusika iqina ukuba 65º S. w. kwi Pacific phezulu ukuba 55º S. w. e Atlantic. Noko ke, kwezinye iindawo kuhlala mahala ngumkhenkce lonke ixesha ngenxa yimimoya enamandla.

sezulu

Indawo Geographical of Antarctica kuchaphazela iimeko zemozulu kwilizwekazi. Nantsi kwipali abandayo olwandlwe lwe-mhlaba. Iqondo lobushushu liphantsi (-88.3 ° C) Yabhalwa zizazinzulu yiSoviet ngo-Agasti 1960 kwisikhululo "Vostok". Avareji ebusika uyahluka -60 ° C ne -70 ° C Summer lebanga eyahlukileyo kancinane: ukusuka -30 ° C ukuya -50 ° C. Ngokubanzi, iqondo lobushushu Kunqabile apha aliveli ngentla 20 ° C. Le Okungumahluko unxweme kunye nendawo yawo ebalaseleyo - Antarctic Peninsula. Umoya ehlotyeni ukuba yothani ku 10-12 ° C. Ebusika lobushushu kusithwa usingasiqithi encinane ngemilinganiselo yenqanaba amazwekazi -8 ° C. Kulo intshukumo ingqele ubunzima umoya ezisuka embindini kwelizwekazi "batsho," kunokuba strong umoya maxa wambi uqina efikelela 90 m / s.

Antarctica (nendawo kwaye ikhuthaza oko) akwaziwa ukuba amaxabiso aphezulu ukufuma. Udibaniso - 60-80%, unxweme kubhaliwe lancitshiswa-20%, kwaye kwezinye iindawo - nkqu ukuya kwi-5%. Le nyaniso ngokukodwa ebetha xa ukhumbula indlela amanzi asetyenziswa equlethwe iqokobhe womkhenkce kwilizwekazi.

Xa ixesha elide eyadlulayo, Antarctica, wayifulela amahlathi. Ngokutsho abaphandi kwilizwekazi kumkhawulela imilambo namachibi, iintaba neenduli, iintlambo kunye amadlelo. Namhlanje kunzima ngeso Antarctica. Malunga ezidlulileyo yakhe zibonisa ezinye izimbiwa uyaziwa, ingakumbi iidipozithi amalahle. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwamaLungu izibonelelo efihliweyo ice-inshorensi, kodwa esinokuzifumana. Kwiimeko ezimaxongo Antarctica bethu banamhlanje ezinxulumene indawo yayo okuyo, musa ukuvumela ukuba ukufunda ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo enkulu kwilizwekazi. Mhlawumbi loo nto kulapha zenzeka inkqubo nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe. Abaphandi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye ukuzama ukuqonda iimfihlelo kwilizwekazi yesithandathu. Kwaye ke iqondo inkqubela rhoqo kuxhomekeke kubuchule thethwano kunye nezenzo nokulungelelanisa izinto.