Indawo Burns kuchaziwe lulawulo wesundu: Burns. Ukuhlelwa eshe kummandla kunye nobungakanani umonakalo

Kubomi, ngamnye kuthi wafumana nokutsha. betshisa Area ingaba ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kusoloko imvakalelo kuyafana, ngokungathi kummandla ochaphazelekayo isicelo ilahle ebomvu-eshushu. Kwaye kungekho manzi, umkhenkce okanye ebandayo ngeke bakwazi ukumelana nale ngxaki.

A kwezonyango ngomlilo - le umonakalo inyama ebangelwe sisenzo lobushushu eliphezulu okanye umsebenzi eliphezulu amachiza, umz acids, iziseko, iityuwa metal enzima. Ubuzaza umonakalo emiselwe ubunzulu kunye ummandla esikule yonakele. Kukho iintlobo ezikhethekileyo amanxeba, ezifunyenwe yi radiation okanye kukukhabise ngombane.

ngezigaba

Ucalulo amanxeba esekelwe kubunzulu kunye nohlobo yokulimala, kodwa kukho qheke ukwenza izinto zonyango, amaqhinga zonyango okanye uhlobo yokwenzakala.

Yohlulwe ubunzulu amanxeba:

1. Le isidanga sokuqala luphawulwa izitshanguba kuphela umaleko ongaphezulu wesikhumba. Ubonakala ukuba bomvu, ukudumba okuncinci kunye neentlungu. Iimpawu zinyamalale emva kweentsuku ezintathu okanye ezine, yaye inxalenye achaphazelekileyo kule epithelium ithathwa indawo entsha.
2. Umonakalo epidermal Basal umaleko 2 libonisa komtshiso isidanga. Kumphezulu ulusu kunye amaqamza kuvela imixholo turbid. Ukuphila ithatha iiveki ezimbini.
3. Xa-degree lwesithathu ukutsha, umonakalo thermal lifumana kuphela sangaphandle kodwa dermis.
   - The degree of A: dermis inxeba ezantsi engagqibekanga yonakele, kodwa nangoko emva kubonakala yokwenzakala njengoko kukujaduka abamnyama, maxa wambi kuvela amaqamza ukuba idibane nenye. Intlungu kwisiza komtshiso ayikho waziva ngenxa receptor umonakalo. Self-kutsha kunokwenzeka kuphela phantsi komqathango ukuba ukujoyina i usulelo yesibini.
   - Degree B: iyonke ukulahleka sangaphandle, dermis kunye hypodermis.
4. The degree lesine - isikhumba zalaba, umaleko amanqatha, izihlunu kunye ithambo.

Ucalulo amanxeba kuhlobo umonakalo:

1. Ukubekwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu:
   - Fire - indawo umonakalo mkhulu, kodwa ubunzulu kangako. unyango lokuqala nzima kukuba kunzima ukucoca inxeba lwamaqumrhu angaphandle (intambo pieces iimpahla ndininyibilikise amaqhosha okanye iiziphu).
   - Fluid - ngomlilo ezincinane kodwa nzulu (A-to-lwesithathu degree).
   - umphunga hot - ubude wokukhusela ebalulekileyo, kodwa abafane ufikelela ubunzulu isidanga sesibini. Rhoqo buchaphazela iphecana sokuphefumla.
   - izinto yale igqengezelayo - inxeba ephinda kucacile sifundo, kwaye kufuneka ube kubunzulu omkhulu.
2. chemicals:
   - asidi kunokubangela coagulation necrosis, kwaye kwisayithi ye sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi kubonakala ukujaduka kuthe protein ezibhijeleyo. Akukhathaliseki ukuba zingene kwizihlunu izisekelo. Ngokuqina asidi, i kufutshane kumphezulu isikhumba kummandla ochaphazelekayo.
   - zealkali kwakhiwa necrosis liquefactive, oko kuthambisa laphu kwaye ungena ngokunzulu into bako, le ndawo itshileyo degrees-2.
   - iityuwa heavy metal ngokwangaphandle efana nokutsha acid. Yokuba degree 1-st kuphela.
3. ukutsha Electrical kwenzeka emva kokuba adibane umbane yobugcisa okanye esesibhakabhakeni yaye, njengoko umthetho, kuphela endaweni lokungena nokuphuma yokumpompoza.
4. betshisa Imitha kunokwenzeka emva kokuba sesichengeni ionizing kwemitha okanye ukukhanya. Ba abanzi, ukuboniswa kwabo inxulunyaniswa kunye sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi amalungu kunye neenkqubo, kunokuba ngqo inyama ithambile.
5. ukutsha Ludityanisiwe iquka izinto ezininzi eyonakalisayo ezifana nerhasi amadangatye.
6. Ludityanisiwe ukuba kuthiwe umonakalo, apho ukongeza utshiswe kukho ezinye iintlobo yokwenzakala, ezifana waphuka.

Outlook

Nabani na okhe wafumana ukutsha (indawo wokukhusela waba ngaphezu kokuba nengqekembe-engange ezintlanu), uyazi ukuba abantu abane kwesifo - kwinkcukacha ebalulekileyo ekufumaniseni. iziguli zidla abonzakele kwiingozi, iintlekele zemvelo okanye ngenxa iingozi emsebenzini. Ngoko ke, abantu kwigumbi lokulinda kwaziswa imihlambi. Kwaye ngoko ke ukukwazi ukuqikelela utshintsho elizayo isigulane size sibe luncedo ngexesha yokuhlela. Iimeko ezininzi kakhulu kwaye zintsonkothile kufuneka ziphathwe yi oogqirha kwindawo yokuqala, kuba ngamanye amaxesha oyilwayo iya iiyure nemizuzu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuqikelela isekelwe kwindawo komhlaba kunye nobunzulu sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi umonakalo, kunye ukulimala.

Ukuze kumiselwe ngokuchanileyo ALS, usebenzisa indices phantsi kweemeko ezithile (umzekelo, uFrank index). Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngenxa ekhulwini ngalinye kummandla ochaphazelekayo wabelwa kumanqaku kwesinye ukuya kwisine. Kuxhomekeke iqondo ukuthengwa nokutsha, kwakunye nokuba yintoni atshise indawo yomoya eliphezulu. Ukuba ukuphefumla ogula akakho, ukutsha, intloko kunye nentamo ufumana amanqaku-15, yaye ukuba kunjalo, ngoko bonke 30 Kwaye ngoko abale zonke iimvavanyo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi:

- ngaphantsi kwe amanqaku 30 - a abane elihle;
- ukususela mathathu ukuya amathandathu - zangaphakath;
- asithoba - kuyathandabuzeka;
- ngaphezulu kwe asithoba - nezinzima.

kwindawo ephantsi

Xa amayeza, kukho iindlela ezininzi ukubala kummandla kumphezulu achaphazelekayo. Ukumiselwa kwendawo kunye nobungakanani isilonda kunokwenzeka ukuba uyithatha umthetho ukuba phezu amalungu ahlukeneyo emzimbeni kuthatha alithoba ekhulwini kummandla zizonke eluswini, ngokutsho entloko entanyeni, esifubeni, isisu, ngamnye ingalo, ethangeni, umlenze kunye unyawo kuhlala-9% kwaye umphezulu ngasemva umzimba - kabini (18%). Perineum nobuni zaba ekhulwini elinye kuphela, kodwa loku limala zithathwa kakhulu ngokwaneleyo.

Kukho nezinye imithetho yokuqingqa ummandla ukutsha, umzekelo ngesandla. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba indawo wesundu yabantu ithatha enye ukuya kwenye kunye nesiqingatha ekhulwini bobuso umzimba. Oku kukuvumela umane kugqiba ubungakanani isahlulo ezonakeleyo ubungqongqo imeko becinga. betshisa Inzala mzimba ixabiso eziqingqiweyo. Baxhomekeke uvavanyo zesimo gqirha.

ikliniki

Ichonge iimpawu ezininzi kungenzeka nokutsha. Indawo kane kulo mzekelo akuthethi ukudlala indima ekhethekileyo, njengoko ebanzi, kodwa nzulu. Ekugqibeleni uhlobo ukwenza izinto zonyango buyisela omnye kwinkqubo impiliso:

1. Erythema okanye anozizi ulusu ihamba ukuba bomvu. Oku kwenzeka na kurhawula isidanga.
2. Sitho - a ngokupheleleyo igutyana ulwelo sobumnyama. Oku kungenziwa ugalelwe ngegazi. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba exwebula esibekwa ulusu eliphezulu.
3. Bulla - a vesicles zimbalwa zadityaniswa kwiqamza enye besentimitha ezinesiqingatha ububanzi.
4. Ukhukuliseko - atshise komhlaba apho kukho sangaphandle. Yena uyopha, okanye akhululwe ichor. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha ukususwa namadyungudyungu okanye bulla, izicwili necrotic.
5. Isilonda - a ukhukuliseko enzulu, echaphazela dermis, hypodermis kunye nezihlunu. Ixabiso kuxhomekeke kwindawo elandulelayo necrosis.
6. Coagulation necrosis - zomzimba necrotic ezomileyo brown emnyama okanye ezimnyama. Lula yasuswa intsumpa.
7. necrosis Liquefactive - manzi kubola inyama ukuba ingafikelela kwi embindini elisemzimbeni, icala, abambe ephilile.

atshise izifo

Le ntsabelo systemic ephilayo ukutshisa ukwenzakala Le meko zingenzeka zombini kwi umonakalo komhlaba ukuba umzimba yombhalo-30% okanye nangaphezulu, kunye nokutsha ezinzulu, ahleli akukho ekhulwini ngaphezu kweshumi. I buthathaka impilo yomntu, i kubonakala ngakumbi olu hlobo yokothuka. Le pathophysiology yahlulwe ngezigaba ezine zophuhliso yesifo isilonda:

1. Burn kukothuka. Buhlala ukuba kwiintsuku ezimbini zokuqala, elimele kabi - iintsuku ezintathu. Oku kuvela ngenxa ngokutsha olungachanekanga ulwelo kwi amalungu umothuko (intliziyo, imiphunga, ingqondo, izintso).
2. Acute isilonda toxemia kuphuhliswa phambi ukujoyina usulelo ithatha ukusuka kwiveki enye ukuya iintsuku ezisithoba. Pathophysiologically efanayo Ekutyunyuzweni syndrome, iimveliso ngamanye izicwili ukubola kungena kwegazi nesisi umzimba.
3. Esilondeni septicotoxemia kuvela emva ukulawula usulelo. Zinokuhlala iinyanga eziliqela de zonke iintsholongwane sele ziphelisiwe ukusuka kumphezulu inxeba.
4. IXesha ekuPhulukenwe nalo luqala emva kokuba amanxeba itshileyo avalwa kwezihlunu granulation okanye epithelium.

Iqala ukunxila, usuleleko kunye nokudumba

umzimba Body wokukhusela kunye protein nokuguqulwa ityhefu ukutya. Kwesibindi kunye nezintso phantse abakwazi ukumelana umthwalo nini uxinzelelo kwi kwegazi. Ukongeza, emva uhlukunyezwe kumajoni omzimba zoluntu kodityaniso phezulu, kodwa yityhefu ixesha elide umzimba waphula iindlela zokukhusela, kwaye yenza a immunodeficiency yesibini. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni umphezulu isilonda loni microflora elinukayo.

Uhlobo amaxhoba eshe

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, xa kwigumbi zonxunguphalo akuvamanga bezisa ixhoba mnye, lowo nokutsha. Ummandla zokutsha kunye inani lezigulane ebenokudlula amandla abasebenzi bezonyango, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ukulungisa abantu engenayo ebukhulwini imeko uyazi ukuba mawuye kubani ukuba ukunika unyango kwindawo yokuqala:

1. Walimala babe ukutsha ezibalulekileyo phezu amabini ekhulwini omzimba okanye ukutsha ezinzulu - ngaphezu kweshumi ekhulwini, kwakunye ukutsha eliphezulu zemiphunga. izigulane abanjalo abafuna uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo ukuya esibhedlele kunye ngoncedo Aviation sanitary.
2. I-avareji degree of ebukhulwini ulitshisileyo zangaphandle amabini ekhulwini okanye ngaphantsi nzulu - akukho ekhulwini ngaphezu kweshumi bomhlaba yomzimba. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba banike uncedo lwezonyango ukuya namaxhoba ijika yesibini, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba kungashiywa ungajongwangwa ixesha elide.
3. ukutsha Lubonakala Mild zangaphandle, abahlala ngaphantsi kweshumi elinesihlanu ekhulwini umphezulu ulusu okanye ukutsha ngokunzulu, nto leyo yandisa akukho ekhulwini ingaphezu kwezonka ezihlanu zingakuchaphazeli iphecana eliphezulu zemiphunga.
4. Olimele kabi - ngabantu abaye kurhawula ezinzulu nomzimba (50% okanye ngaphezulu), kwakunye nabantu abadala kunye umonakalo ezingamashumi amathathu ekhulwini komhlaba. Ngoko amaxhoba ikhutshwa phandle unyango lingaze kuphela. Amaxhoba esikhulu-isikali iingozi zoshishino mhlawumbi 90% ukutsha umzimba. Esi umonakalo obulalayo, uncedo kulo mzekelo akunakwenzeka, ungazama kuphela ukunciphisa ukubandezeleka analgesics zabo (isiqaqa eyabangelwa) okanye inhalation zomzimba.

lokuqala zoncedo

Kuba uqikelelo elungileyo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ukubonelela self-uncedo kunye noncedo nokuxabisana. Le wathandwa bayavuma ivumela ukuba ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo ndawo itshileyo kunye nobunzulu. Into yokuqala ukuba ziphazamise ukudibana traumatic phakathi arhente kunye oluntu umz ukucima umlilo okanye uyeke siwabeka womnatha / yokungenelela chemical.

Kwinqanaba pre-esibhedlele ayikhuthazwa ukusebenzisa i namafutha aqholiweyo oli-based, kunye nezinye arhente namanqatha aqulethe, ngenxa yokuba i umboniso phezu komhlaba enxebeni ukuthintela imveliso nobushushu. Ukongeza, esibhedlele kuya kufuneka ukuba ukucima yaye "ungcoliseko therapeutic", ebangela intlungu kwixhoba. Akukho mfuneko ekhaya ukuvelisa unyango ngenxeba, ezifana ukususwa lwamaqumrhu angaphandle, okanye isikhumba zalaba, nezinto ezinjengezo. Oku kungakhokelela kusuleleko, ngokuba akayi babonwe ngenxa imo asepsis / antisepsis. Plus, ngaphandle zomzimba eyiyo umntu ozama ukunceda kungenzeka ukuba awele nematha intlungu.

ntlungu kunye nonyango inxeba

Kuxhomekeka ebukhulwini imeko oogqirha yomguli akhethe obufanelekileyo iziyobisi kunye zomzimba. Kusenokuba a non-steroidal amachiza anti-ukudumba, analgesics-antipyretics ndawo okanye Uhanjiso zomzimba. Kuba Kwiingozi ezimasikizi, analgesics ezidakumbisayo ezifanelekileyo.

Emva kokuba ukonzakala anesthetized, ugqirha uyemka yonyango lokuqala kumphezulu inxeba. Yena detaches sangaphandle, ivula imisele okanye bubbles, amaqumrhu amazwe isusiwe. Ke ubuso okuhlamba lenxeba ivaliwe igozi bandage ecocekileyo. Eshe yesibini kunye neqondo isigulane kufuneka ufake ngqi serum.

unyango lendawo

iindlela ezimbini eyaziwayo unyango ukutsha - zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Bangakwazi lungasetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo okanye kunye. Ukuthintela usulelo ngenxeba, oko inxaxheba loma ukuvela necrosis owomileyo. Oku kusekelwe indlela evulekileyo. Isicelo izinto kumphezulu inxeba ezinjalo izisombululo utywala halogens leyo yivala iiproteni. Kwakhona, ukuyifundisa zinokusetyenziswa iindlela ezifana infrared.

unyango ezivaliweyo kuthetha izinto zokubopha ezithintela neentsholongwane, kwaye zinika kutsalwe lokuphuma fluid. Phantsi iziyobisi ngebhandishi isicelo leyo isilonda granulation, ukuphucula lokuphuma ulwelo kwaye iipropati kubola. Amaninzi, le ndlela esetyenziswa antibiotics ebanzi-spectrum, nto leyo ibe inyathelo ezintsonkothileyo.