Inani labantu ummandla eChelyabinsk: labemi, ingqesho, ukhuseleko lwentlalo

Beyond i phambene Mountains, emdeni Europe kunye Asia, ummandla eChelyabinsk ibekwe. La mazwe Zidume kwindalo yawo eyodwa, lishishini enamandla enzima kunye nabantu. Inani labantu kummandla eChelyabinsk liqhayisa wazalwa kanye apha iitalente ezifana V. Zhukovsky, D. Mendeleyev, I. Kurchatov.

Esimi kummandla eChelyabinsk

Indawo akhiwe Urals oluphakathi kunye nakumazantsi, phakathi kubamelwane ezifana ezinkulu njengoko Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, kwiNgingqi Kurgan, Bashkortostan kunye Kazakhstan. Ummandla ngingqi yi 88,5 eziliwaka macala onke. M. km. Ubukhulu becala le ndawo iyafumaneka kwi Zauralskaya Plain kunye West Siberian Plain, ligubungela inxalenye encinane kwithambeka esempuma phambene Iintaba. Isiqabu engingqi na zahlukahlukene kakhulu; kukho iintaba, amahlathi, amachibi, iinduli kunye neentili. Ingongoma aphezulu kule ndawo - Mount Nat (1400 m). Le ngingqi zizityebi imithombo yamanzi, inethiwekhi umlambo uya kuququzelela imilambo emithathu emikhulu: Kama, Tobol kunye nemvelo. Nazi kwabo asentla, ukuze imifula nkqu loo mandla, leyo abayinqobo kubo kwezinye iingingqi. Kodwa imithombo zabo ezininzi amadama zinika unikezelo ezilungileyo amanzi kule ngingqi.

Xa iyonke kukho malunga 500 imilambo nokuhamba ngobukhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Le ndawo igcwele kakhulu kwizimbiwa. Emigodini Magnesite, mifanekiso, talc kunye ummandla dolomite i monopolist eRashiya. Kukho kwakhona yafunyanwa kwaye ziphuhliswe amasimi oyile negesi. Ukohluka kummandla eChelyabinsk kukuba ise kulungile 4 kwimimandla yendalo: ehlathini, emathafeni, ehlathini-emathafeni kunye hlathi intaba. Ngoko ke, oko esisityebi kunene enezityalo nezilwanyana, ngokunjalo kukho iimeko zivuma enyamekela ukulinywa kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi iimeko zivuma ziye negalelo ekubeni sele kukho ixesha elide abantu bahlala.

Climate and nendawo

ummandla eChelyabinsk ibekwe kwindawo kwemozulu lizwekazi kunye ebusika elide ebandayo kunye ehlobo mfutshane. ezintabeni phambene musa ukungena kulo mmandla khona umoya nakuLwandle lweAtlantiki kwaye zigcinwe kakuhle anticyclones avela kwelaseAsiya. Iqondo lobushushu zasebusika umlinganiselo thabatha 17 degrees ehlotyeni - dibanisa 16. Inani labantu kummandla eChelyabinsk iminyaka emininzi apha naphaya ngempumelelo imozulu yendawo zifunde ukuba zikhule kule ngingqi, oluninzi iimveliso zezolimo.

Eziphilayo kuloo ndawo apho kukho inani elikhulu kwiinkampani zemveliso esebenzayo mveliso, ebangela ixhala. Ngaphandle kokuba iinkonzo zempilo zithi zonke kuluhlu eqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, emnyango kwizixeko ezinkulu ngangokuba zazibonakala ngeliso lenyama. Yaye abantu bathi ukuba eninzi uthuthu lweziko emoyeni elihlala kuzo zonke izifundo.

Hlola History

Abantu bokuqala kwi kwintsimi kummandla eChelyabinsk mihla uvele lolawulo Paleolithic. Emakhulwini 17-16 BC. e. apho bekukho yesiqalo-ezidolophini impucuko, ezikhumbuzo bamaxesha amandulo kunokubonwa kwi reserve "Arkaim" kunye nomqolomba Hypatian. Xa ixesha elitsha apha ngamaxesha wahlala AmaSkitiya, Sakas kunye amaSarmatia. Baye indawo Huns, Turks and protomadyary. Xa sexesha ukuxhuzula umhlaba Mongol-Tatar umkhosi, lo mmandla waba yinxalenye awayewulawula. Elinye ibali entsha iqala ngenkulungwane ye-18, xa ulwakhiwo eChelyabinsk inqaba. Ngowe-1744, ilizwe laba yinxalenye kwiphondo Orenburg. Kamva, ukuba kwaziwe ukuba kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo zolawulo. Kuphela ngowe-1943, loo mmandla wazuza imilo yayo yangoku. Inani labantu kummandla eChelyabinsk ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kuzo zonke izinto iziganeko zembali kweli lizwe, yaye namhlanje ndawo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho Russian.

Isahlulo yolawulo sixeko kunye nommandla eChelyabinsk

ummandla eChelyabinsk (ngokwe we-2006 umthetho) yahlulwe kwizithili 16 ezisezidolophini kwizithili zikamasipala 27. Kule ndawo beedolophu 27 needolophana 1244 zabo bonke ubukhulu. Xa siqwalasela uluntu kummandla eChelyabinsk esixekweni, oko kuqatshelwe ukuba inkulu kule nkalo iindawo mmandla imizi ezifana eChelyabinsk (izigidi ezi-1.2 zabantu) kunye Magnitogorsk (417 000 abantu). Ke ezinye zokuhlala incinane kakhulu kunenani zabemi. Imizi abemi-100 ukuya-200 namawaka amathathu kuphela: Zlatoust, Miass, Kopeysk. kwiidolophu ezininzi ezincinane mmandla elinabemi engaphantsi kwama-20,000. Management, nenoxanduva ukukhusela zentlalo abantu kummandla saseChelyabinsk, ndibukele Dynamics inani kubemi yaye uthi kukho umkhwa ukunciphisa inani abemi zokuhlala ezincinane mmandla. Abemi iilali baya ihamba emizini kufuna umsebenzi.

Le Dynamics labantu

Ngendlela esweni yabemi kummandla eChelyabinsk yaqala ngo-1959. Ke wahlala izigidi eziyi 2,976 kummandla. Kwiminyaka engama-30 ezayo ummandla likhula, kwaye ngo-1991 kukho abemi million 3.7. Ekubeni perestroika iqala ixesha elide ukunciphisa inani labantu kule ngingqi. Kangangeminyaka engama-20 iye yehla amawaka 300 abantu. Ukususela ngo-2012 yaqala ukukhula kade, kwaye izigidi zabantu 3.5 namhlanje, uluntu kummandla eChelyabinsk. Ukwanda kakhulu ngexesha elinye ubonise iidolophu ezinkulu zengingqi: eChelyabinsk Magnitogorsk.

indawo economy

Region ubonisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo loqoqosho. Iimveliso eziphambili ke eyimveliso kwinkalo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, ngezobunjineli, ishishini lwekhemikhali, amandla, elektroniki, ishishini zenyukliya, kwakunye necandelo lwenkonzo kunye processing. Iqhayiya kule ndawo - nayo amashishini metallurgical kule ngingqi 16 amashishini amakhulu orhwebo, ekuthi kwezo nto kuphume malunga ne-60% ngentsimbi eli lizwe. 9 amashishini amakhulu umatshini-ukwakha asebenza ngokusekelwe imveliso yayo ngentsimbi lakhe. Employment Ofisi yaseChelyabinsk kummandla labemi iqikelela ukuba kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso kule ndawo kuhlala 48% abemi kulo mmandla. uqoqosho Le ngingqi ikhula kwi icandelo loshishino yokutya kunye neenkonzo. kwezolimo Local alwa nayo ukuqinisekisa essentials ukutya le ngingqi: imifuno, isonka, inyama, imveliso yobisi.

umsebenzi

Iinkcukacha manani zibonisa ingqesho ezinzileyo kummandla eChelyabinsk. Ngowe-2016, ukungaphangeli wonke-2%, nto leyo inkomba ye-avareji kazwelonke. Iintlobo woveliso izityalo kukuvumela ukuba ufumane umsebenzi njenge kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kunye abangaqeqeshwanga, amadoda kwanabafazi. Ixesha lobunzima kwezoqoqosho inzima kancinci kwingqesho eli lizwe, ngoko izinga lentswela wongeze 0.5% ngonyaka. Noko ke, uphando lubonisa ukuba kwiidolophu ezincinane kwiindawo zasemaphandleni yokusebenza iba ezincinane, nto leyo ekhokelela ukufuduka kwabasebenzi. Abahlali lisasazwe ngaphakathi kummandla: ukusuka kwiilali emizini. Inxalenye yabantu yenza uhambo yonke imihla ukuya nokubuya emsebenzini esixekweni.

Ezona mpawu yabantu abemi kummandla eChelyabinsk

Ukuxinana liphezulu labantu kule ngingqi ubonisa eChelyabinsk - malunga 2.200 ngabantu 1 square nganye. km, Magnitogorsk, le parameter abantu malunga 1,000, kwaye kummandla we computeryomndilili nengxinano yabemi - abantu 39 kuphela-1 sq nganye. km. iyantlukwano ngokwesini phakathi abemi bommandla ungena a trend lonke: ngo 1594 amadoda accounted for abafazi 1884. Imeko yezoqoqosho kakhulu kakuhle kule ngingqi inegalelo into yokuba abemi kummandla eChelyabinsk ngcembe sihlaziyekile. Izinga ukuzalwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje liye lakhula up, kodwa ayikwazi kusifumana ukufa. Ngoko ke, kukho Dynamics ezimbi kancinane yenani abemi bommandla, kodwa imeko konga yokufuduka.