Dancer no choreographer UMarta Grem: A Biography. School kunye Marty Grem dance ubuchule

Kuyo nayiphi na encyclopedia na ballet mihla igama Marty Grem liya kuma kuloo ndawo uzuko. Oko kubizwa ngokuba nakwivukela kunduluka umonakalisi iziseko. UGraham Dance School nakubuchule wakhe waba isiseko mihla kunye komnyhadala baba negalelo kuphuhliso ballet ehlabathini.

ekuqaleni wendlela

May 11, 1894 kwidolophu encinane American wazalwa UMarta Grem. Nam nokusingqongileyo okanye usapho, okanye ixesha, kwabonakala, akazange onokuchaza ikamva le ntombazana enkulu, kodwa kwekamva wayala ngenye indlela. intsapho Graham kaThixo bayinzala bokuqala abahlala e-Melika ababevela eSkotlani. dancer elizayo Uyise lwengqondo, abazali zizibiza Presbyterianism kunye ingabaginyi ngendeb 'ubomi. Le ntsapho kakhulu abazizityebi, encinane uMarta ejikelezwe yi nanny zamaKatolika nabakhonzi endlwini ukusebenza yaseTshayina Japanese. Ngenxa yoko, intombazana ukususela ebuntwaneni ukuba uqhelane kunye neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.

Kodwa dancing in usapho bezithathwa ngokuba bubo kwaye sinesono. Ngoko ke, ngoMatshi okokuqala ujongene ubuchule komnyhadala phantse-20 iminyaka. Lakwazi ukundwendwela intetho Yaduma uRute St. Denis, leyo batshintsha ihlabathi yabafazi. Kuthatha isigqibo esichazayo ukungena ibinzana yeSikolo, yaye kamva waqhubeka izifundo zakhe kwisikolo odumileyo Denishoun olawula ngokwayo e Saint-Denis, kunye choreographer ebalaseleyo Ted Shawn. Emva kweminyaka embalwa imngene inkampani "Denishoun" yaye kuya bt xa ngendlela yakhe eqongeni enkulu.

Umdaniso sexesha yeVictorian

Ekuveleni ngenkulungwane kwakukho uluvo loluntu ngcembe ingcamango yokuba dance - kuba akukho nomsebenzi kakhulu. Waba yinxalenye zokuzonwabisa ibonisa: vaudeville, umdaniso. Kwi-US, ballet ngelo xesha akazange afumane ukusasazeka ebalulekileyo, kukho kwasekwa isikolo yesizwe. Kwakhona yaba kakhulu iingcinga malunga umdaniso. Amadoda bayalelwa obengo, intshukumo emane singqale, kwanabafazi kwafuneka ukuthatha imigca kakuhle. Iintsilelo kwandiselwa ukudanisa zigcawu, wesuka ke classical, izifundo antic. Waye unyanzelekile ukuba aphumeze indima lyric kunye kuyilo iplasitiki ethambileyo.

ukuqonda onempumelelo

UMarta Grem komnyhadala wangena emva kwexesha, nkqu nemigangatho yexesha - engama-20, ngoko ke umdaniso classical waba nexesha nzima, kodwa yena akazange, yaye wayengenamdla. Xa inkampani "Denishoun" akubuzwa lyricism yakhe, nto leyo aziqhelekanga kuye. Ted UShawn - ithathwa njengokuba noyise umdaniso American - wabona Graham amandla ezizodwa kunye nesakhono, charisma yakhe nabalinganiswa inkanuko akazange Xochitl abaziveza ngayo. Kusenokuba babonise indlela ethile uMarta, "lo ferocity of Panther abamnyama" kwaye ubuhle bayo. Yena ngothando wayemthanda nouveau bokuzoba, nto leyo ke nenkcubeko kuphela ubudala, kodwa izimvo zalo kunye nendalo. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, Matshi eve ukuba ezisezindleleni kudlule urhulumente sangaphakathi, ngokweemvakalelo argument kayise. Le mbono kukhokelele ekuyilweni kwethekhinoloji yayo.

Ukuya ngaphaya kwemida enokwenzeka

amathuba Ukufuna iplastiki kuye lo mkhuba kwexesha, akukho ngaphandle ngale ndlela yaye uMarta Graham ndlela leyo kwaba intuthuko kule mihla dance. It ufuna ukuphelisa ukungalingani ngokwesini ekungqungqeni, ukuba ukunika abasetyhini ilungelo lokuvakalisa iimvakalelo ezinamandla ngoncedo elibukhali, iintshukumo ezitsolo. Graham wayefuna ukwenza indlela eza kunceda abadanisi ukuba miqulu eselugcinwe yokuzibophelela esesikweni, yoncedo imvakalelo kunye mbono. Yena undiyalele ukuba ingqeqesho kunye xi eliphezulu abadanisi, ngelixa nako lula iiplastiki isithethe ezivunywa ukuqonda lula ukuba ingcamango abaphulaphuli kunye nabadanisi wanika amathuba amaninzi ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo. Ukucinga kunye izinto creative Graham wanceda ukuqonda ukuba womdaniso ngenxa yezizathu ezithathu: ixesha, amandla kunye nendawo. Le amandla ezinxulumene mintlhaveko ezibangela intshukumo, yaba kwindawo yokuqala zobugcisa yayo. Izifundo eklasini uMarta waqala kwitsheyini yeentshukumo elula ukuba ezazimanyene sisincoko ezintsonkothileyo. Izixhobo yakhelwe kwi siseko ezimbini: kontrakshn (ucinezelo) kunye ukukhululwa (ulwandiso). Wenza ukuba ngumdanisi ukuba uqwalasele intliziyo size sithobele imithetho plasticity yokwakheka. Ukufunwa self-ibinzana ekungqungqeni wavumela Graham ukwenza ubuchule ekhethekileyo apho indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa zokuphefumla ingqalelo. Yena waba nako ukuqonda nokusebenzisa ngenxa ezinokwenzeka zobugcisa komzimba womntu. ubuchule lwakhe namanje isiseko zomdaniso mihla kwaye zibandakanyiwe kuzo zonke iinkqubo zoqeqesho zabaxhentsi abaqeqeshiweyo.

Matshi wayesazi ukuba umntu Uyabubona ihlabathi ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso, iintsomi, archetypes, kwaye asetyenziswe xa ngemise- zabo. UMarta Grem ocetywayo ukuba ukwambatha boniyo zomdaniso non-yamandulo. Wazama ukunika abadanisi inkululeko mkhulu ngengqiqo eli binzana.

Marty Grem qembu

Ngowe-1926, uMarta ushiya "Denishoun" qembu, apho zange babonakala nako ukuqonda izimvo zabo. Ngapha koko, i qembu waba ukumkanikazi - Saint-Denis, neendawo Graham akukho nje akukho ukhetho. Yena uqokelela inkampani yakhe ngo-1927, nto leyo esobukhomokazi ekuqaleni, wawuquka umfundi kakhulu esingelwe phantsi. Matshi ubukufuphi ezilwela iimbono, yinto eninzi yokucinga malunga nendima yamakhosikazi kuluntu yaye wazama ukuba ayinike amalungelo kunye namathuba. Uye malinikelwe kulo mxholo yimveliso ezininzi: ". Memeza" "I Umwexuki", "Border" kunye odumileyo Kwezi yimveliso Graham ubungcwele izimvo zakhe kunye iziphumo, bewitching abaphulaphuli yeplastiki entsha.

Ngowe-1938, i qembu libonakala umntu wokuqala - UErik Houkins, obafundise kwanokuphucula uMarta umdaniso msebenzi, ukuba ahlanganiswe izakhi yamandulo. Kungekudala emva koko, i qembu uza chuma Cunningham, owaba waduma umonakalisi mdaniso emveli izinqumo.

World-edumileyo qembu lwe uMarta ezifunyenwe emva utyelelo Europe kunye noMbindi Mpuma. Choreographer kudala kwesinye isikolo, apho, kunye nenkampani ifumana indawo elimisiweyo eyendawo eNew York. Eli qela ukhona namhlanje. Yaye nje lesikhumbuzo kwi Graham omkhulu, kodwa ephilayo, liqela. Yaba nkulu i qembu uye wayilondoloza yimveliso ezininzi uMarta, imidlalo zakhe abhalwe zenzalo.

mvelo ekhaya

Ngexesha ubomi bakhe creative UMarta Grem eyakhiwa 180 imidlalo. ilifa lakhe ngobambana ukungafani kunye nobutyebi, kunzima ukwahlula into efana efanayo-nto. Kodwa ukwenza eyona ephawuleka Graham "Ukubhala ihlabathi", "Le nomqolomba wentliziyo", "Clytemnestra," "Phaedra," "ukuyila iqonda, ukozela," "yeZenzo Ukukhanya". ngomdlalo bayo alibanga kuphela komnyhadala esihle, kodwa wacinga-waphuma waya nkcukacha zincinane. Wakhetha izinxibo, umculo, ngokuthatha izisombululo spatial, bathatha inxaxheba ekudalweni ndithanda. ngomdlalo bayo namhlanje isixhobo yakudala abadanisi kunye Abayili.

nabo ezinkulu

Xa imbali ballet eninzi yabantu ezibalaseleyo, kodwa ukuphila ngendlela lomdaniso - kancinci. dancer Great zenkulungwane yama-20, sikwazile ukuzisa yonke nkanuko ekungqungqeni kunye ngembali yaso - i Marta Grem. Photo webhaleyi wabulala amandla kunye intetho, waba kwinkcukacha yokugqibela umfanekiso, ucinga phezu komnyhadala kunye nesinxibo. Kwaye oluninzi ingqalelo ehlawulwa kukhetho lo umdaniso iqabane. Wayesebenza kunye awayephila ezininzi (Nureyev, Pol Teylor, zezi- Kanningem, uRobert Wilson). line ngokukhethekileyo ngobomi bakhe linxulunyaniswa nokudalwa umdaniso mihla, kwaye apha ngaxeshanye Jose Limon noMarta Grem kaThixo akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhumbula. Ezi ngcungela ezimbini, i-revolution mkhulu, ukudala oko owuthanda abaphulaphuli ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Impembelelo ballet ehlabathini

Ukuba kukho umntu, ngokupheleleyo nempembelelo inkcubeko kwenkulungwane yama-20, oku Marta Grem. Quotes kwiingxelo zayo sibonise ngokucacileyo ukuba ngumdanisi kunye nesimo yakhe yokuphila kwakhe. Wathi: "Movement akazange ubuxoki, umzimba uthumela lobushushu komphefumlo." Matshi wenza ingqondo uluvo oluphambili ekungqungqeni, yaye waba engundoqo merit yakhe. Lakwazi ukuphuhlisa ulwimi olubonakalayo ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo, eyaba ubuchule eyodwa Marty Grem nayo. Oku kucingwa ukuba ngunozala zomdaniso mihla eMelika, kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kulwenziwo isikolo yesizwe choreographic ayikwazi nemikhuba.

It akaphelelanga nje udale i qembu ekhethekileyo, kodwa kwakubakho ukwenza ngenxa zemidlalo ezininzi, apho abaphulaphuli yakwazi ukubona abadanisi ezinkulu ezinjengezo URudolf Nureyev, uMargot Fonteyn, Maya Plisetskaya, uMikhail Baryshnikov, okuphendula Makarova.

impilo Personal

Marta Grem, ayikwazanga amkeleke njengomfazi zigazi ngokupheleleyo kunikwa ballet biography,. Umyeni wakhe ngumlingane kule ekungqungqeni, inzwana umntu - Erik Houkins. Bahlala kunye neminyaka emi-6, yaye umsantsa yaba wothuka enkulu uMarta, kodwa wakwazi ukwenza oko amava ngokweemvakalelo, nto leyo eye yaba umthombo iphefumlelwe ekungqungqeni. Ulishiye linqanaba kwiminyaka 76, uye wakubona ngayo wadandatheka kakhulu, kodwa wakwazi ukoyisa isigulo uze ubuyele umsebenzi choreographer, anjengokubhala elinye ballets-10. Yena wasweleka ngoMatshi kwiminyaka 96.