Imichiza abantwana: imifuniselo umdla

Oku kunzima, kodwa inzululwazi umdla, imichiza, njalo yokusabela mixed phakathi abantwana. Guys kukho amalinge umdla, leyo into wafumana imibala eqaqambileyo ume ngaphandle igesi okanye kwezulu. Kodwa equation entsonkothileyo lweenkqubo imichiza ukubhala ngathi ezimbalwa kuzo.

Ukubaluleka amava eyonwabisayo

Ngokutsho imilinganiselo federal mihla kwizikolo eziziisekondari laqalisa uphando leprojekthi. Enjalo inkqubo injongosenzi imichiza, naye nakuthathatha.

Njengenxalenye isifundo utshintshwano entsonkothileyo mba nokusombulula iingxaki zeprakhtikhali yasekhemesti oselula ukuze baziqhelanise ufunde ukuba izakhono zabo. Yaba ngamava engaqhelekanga ngexesha utitshala qamba abafundi umdla yayo sifundo. Kodwa utitshala eziqhelekileyo iklasi kunzima ukufumana ixesha elaneleyo ungangxameli imifuniselo ezingekho semgangathweni kunye nokuziphatha experiments chemistry abantwana kanye kanye.

Ukulungisa oku, oko yasungulwa izifundo imbalo ngakumbi enkomfeni. Hi ndlela leyi, a lot of oobhuti abangamaxhoba eziyobisi kwiiklasi imichiza 8-9, babe oogqirha kwixesha elizayo, oosokhemisti, izazinzulu, ngokuba iklasi yemichiza onjalo umfana ufumana ithuba ukwenza imifuniselo kunye nezigqibo phezu kwabo.

Ziziphi izifundo ezinxulumene esonwabisa imifuniselo zeekhemikhali?

Ngemihla yakudala, ukwakheka abantwana yayifumaneka kuphela kwibakala th 8. Akukho izifundo ezizodwa okanye imisebenzi extra-curricular yabantwana yemichiza zokukhomba ayizange ecetywayo. Enyanisweni, ukusebenza nabantwana uphiwe chemistry nje ndingekho, leyo kakubi kubonakala phezu sengqondo abafundi ukuba ingqeqesho. Abantwana babesoyika bangaqondi abasabela entsonkothileyo imichiza, iimpazamo ngembalelwano quadratic ionic.

Ngokunxulumene ngokutsha inkqubo yemfundo namhlanje iye yatshintsha. Ngoku kumaziko emfundo amava zabantwana zinikelwe kumabakala asezantsi. Le guys noyolo ekwenzeni umsebenzi kukuba inikeza utitshala, funda kwizigqibo.

izifundo zokuzikhethela olunxulumene chemistry, ukunceda abafundi high school bafunde izakhono zokusebenza izixhobo zaselebhu, yaye wasungula abafundi abancinane zibandakanya ecacileyo imifuniselo umboniso chemical. Ngokomzekelo, abantwana bafunde iimpawu ubisi, ukudibana nabo izinto ezo ifunyenwe skisanii yayo.

Yemifuniselo ezinxulumene amanzi

chemistry umdla abantwana umdla, xa ikhondo olu lingelo babone japan engaqhelekanga: nasekusungulweni kwegesi, umbala oqaqambileyo, ekugqibeleni kuba engaqhelekanga. Enjalo into, ezifana namanzi, uthathwa ilungele ezahlukeneyo umdla imifuniselo yemichiza abafundi.

Umzekelo, ukwakheka abantwana abaneminyaka esi-7 ubudala angaqala ukuhlola iimpawu zayo. Utitshala uxelela abantwana ukuba uninzi iplanethi yethu ligutyungelwe ngamanzi. Utitshala uxelela abafundi nokuba ivatala kuye ekhulwini ngaphezu kwama-90, yaye umntu - malunga 65-70%. Emva kokuxelela abafundi malunga nendlela amanzi ebalulekileyo kukuba umntu, unako uyisondeze ezinye imifuniselo umdla. Kufuneka kugxininiswe le "umlingo" amanzi ukuba unokuba nomdla abafundi.

Phela, kulo mzekelo, isethi eqhelekileyo of chemistry abantwana singabandakanyi izixhobo ezibizayo - kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ubukho bezixhono nezinto.

Experience "Ice Enalitini"

Nanku umzekelo ezilula kunye nexesha elifanayo umfuniselo umdla ngamanzi. Esi sakhiwo imifanekiso ice - "yenaliti". efunekayo ukuze ukucikideka;

• amanzi;
• ityuwa;
• iityhubhu ice.

Ubude - 2:00, njalo isifundo eqhelekileyo akuthethi kuthi le experiment. Okokuqala, kufuneka iphetshana kugalela amanzi ice, wayifaka efrijini. Emva kweeyure 1-2, emva kokuba amanzi uguqulwe ngumkhenkce, chemistry eyonwabisayo uqhubeke. Ukuba 40-50 ice iityhubhu ndigqibile ezifunekayo.

Ekuqaleni, abantwana kufuneka kwandiswa phezu kwetafile iibhloko 18 ngohlobo isikwere, eshiya isithuba embindini. Koko yangaphambi sokutshiza ityuwa eqhelekileyo, lisetyenziswa kakuhle omnye komnye ngokuthi kuncanyatheliswe ezihambelanayo kangaka.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, zonke iibhloko oxhulumene, kwaye bagcina nge "inaliti" lalingqingqwa kwaye elide ngumkhenkce. Ukuze wenze kakhulu-2 iitisipuni sodium chloride eziqwenga amancinci 50 ngumkhenkce.

Kuyenzeka, ukuba Tint emanzini, yokwenza umkhenkce imifanekiso bebala. Ngenxa yale chemistry olulula experiment for kids iminyaka 9 kuba inzululwazi ecacileyo nezinomtsalane. Ungabona ngokuthi kuncanyatheliswe ice iityhubhu ngohlobo yephiramidi okanye diamond.

"Inkanyamba" experiment

Olu vavanyo ayifuni izinto ezikhethekileyo, wezenzi kunye nezixhobo. Yenza ukuba abantwana ukuba imizuzu eli-10-15. Kuba noninzi lwezinto nokuhlola;

• Ibhotile yeplastiki transparent enesiciko;
• amanzi;
• kuthetha ukuba wokuhlamba izitya;
• sequins.

Bottle kufuneka kuzaliswa 2/3 ngamanzi ethafeni. Emva koko ungongezi kuyo 1-2 tsakisi lwesicocisi sokuhlamba izitya. Emva kwemizuzwana 5-10 balithululele ingqayi emva pinches of sequins. Angenziwa screw ikepusi, yokuchitha ibhotile ijonge ezantsi, ubambe intamo kunye twist kwi kwicala langasekunene. Ke ime aze akhangele umsinga ngenxa. Kude kube lelo xesha njenge "inkanyamba" iyasebenza, kufuneka uskrolele ibhotile izihlandlo 3-4.

Kutheni kukho "inkanyamba 'ebhotileni eqhelekileyo?

Xa usenza umntwana setyhula omtsha motion kwenzeka ezifana neenkanyamba. Ukujikeleza amanzi ngeenxa zonke iziko kungenxa kumandla centrifugal. Utitshala uxelela abantwana malunga inkanyamba ngendlela eyoyikekayo endalweni.

Esinjalo sikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo, kodwa emva kokuba imichiza abantwana ngokwenene isayensi fabulous. Ukuze eksperimenti umxhelo ngakumbi, unako ukusebenzisa i colorant, umz, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).

Linga "amaqamza"

Ingaba ufuna uxelele abantwana oko i-chemistry eyonwabisayo? Iinkqubo abantwana musa mazivumele utitshala ukuba ndothulele umnqwazi kokuqhubekileyo kule amava, oku nje akukho xesha. Ngoko ke loo ozikhethelayo.

Abafundi bamaBakala nezakhiwo nokuhlola iya kuzisa ezininzi neemvakalelo ezintle, kunye nokwenza ukuba imizuzu embalwa. Siya kuya kufuneka:

• iisepha wamanzi;
• embizeni;
• amanzi;
• wire obhityileyo.

Embizeni, mix inxalenye enye isepha elulwelo kunye iinxalenye ezintandathu ngamanzi. Songa ekupheleni intwana encinci locingo ngohlobo umsesane, lihlisa ube umxube isepha ngobunono asuse ukungunda, yaye bubble ezikhule ukwenziwa intle eyakhe.

Xa usenza olu vavanyo, kuphela ucingo ezifanelekileyo, ndingenabo obam umaleko nenayiloni. Kungenjalo, nibethe amaqamza abantwana abakwazi.

Ukuze abantwana kwanika umdla ngakumbi, ungadibanisa isisombululo isepha umbala ukutya. Uyakwazi ukhuphiswano phakathi kwabafundi isepha, ngoko chemistry abantwana ziya kuba izimuncumuncu yokwenene. Ngoko utitshala wazisa le ngcamango abantwana izisombululo, ukunyibilika kwaye ichaza isizathu sokuba imbonakalo maqampu.

amava ukonwabisa, "Plant Water"

Okokuqala, utitshala ucacisa ukubaluleka kwamanzi ukuya iiseli eziphilayo. Ngayo ngenxa yokuhamba wakhe eya izakhi-mzimba. Utitshala ubonisa ukuba kwimeko isixa elingonelanga amanzi emzimbeni zonke izinto eziphilayo ziyafa ekugqibeleni.

efunekayo ukuze ukucikideka;

• isibane umoya;
• ngemibhobho;
• amagqabi aluhlaza;
• ngumnikazi ngemibhobho uvavanyo;
• sulfate copper (2);
• kwitoti.

Le experiment iza kufuna iiyure 1.5-2, kodwa ngenxa kwemichiza ukuba abantwana ibonakalisa ummangaliso, uphawu magic.

Amagqabi Green babekwa kwityhubhu ezikhuselekileyo kumnini. Ngedangatye omoya isibane amaxesha 2-3 kwakufuneka bubushushu lonke ityhubhu, yaye ngoko kwenziwa kuphela inxalenye apho amagqabi aluhlaza.

Glass kufuneka zibekwe ukuze izinto sukube kokukhululwa in vitro, kuwela kuwo. Xa zokufudumeza igqityiwe, ukuya drop okukhokelela endebeni fluid, dibanisa iinkozo ezimhlophe anhydrous sulfate yobhedu. Ngokuthe ngcembe lo umbala omhlophe liyalahleka kunye sulfate lobhedu uba blue okanye oluhlaza.

Oku kukhokelela epheleleyo abantwana bayakuthanda, kuba izinto imibala kumbi phambi kwamehlo abo. Elokuqukumbela, amava Utitshala uxelela abantwana ngeemilo ezifana hygroscopicity. Kungenxa ukukwazi kwayo ukufunxa umphunga wamanzi (ukufuma), emhlophe sulfate ubhedu, utshintsha umbala wayo umbala oluhlaza.

Linga "Magic Wand"

Le experiment ilungele zeeklasi ezitshayelela ikhosi yokukhetha chemistry. Pre of iphepha filter kufuneka wenze preform star-emile indimi oko kumxube ਫ਼ੂਜਿੰਗ inkqubo (indicator).

Ngexesha experiment ngokwayo eqhotyoshelwe kwi "umlingo wand" elibunkwenkwezi kuqala sokuvalwa ngesisombululo kwealkali (umz, umxube sodium hayidroksayidi). Abantwana kubona imizuzwana embalwa waba njani okutshintshileyo umbala, yaye kubonakala umbala obomvu oqaqambileyo. Ngaphezu koko, uhlobo olunombala ibekwa ngendlela isisombululo acid (kuba nokuhlola iya kuba ukusetyenziswa ngokuyimpumelelo zehydrochloric acid) kunye imibala magenta liyalahleka - asterisk kwakhona uba enemibala.

Ukuba uvavanyo lwenzelwa ukuba amatakane, ngethuba olu lingelo utitshala uthi: "imichiza nentsomi." Umzekelo, iqhawe tale sibe mouse ukwazi encinane owayefuna ukwazi kutheni, ezweni imilingo imibala ezininzi kangaka eqaqambileyo. utitshala wazisa umba 'Isalathisi "for ibanga 8-9 kunye namanqaku, yintoni izikhombisi singachazwa imeko asidi, yaye zeziphi izinto ziyafuneka ukumisela ukuba izisombululo okusingqongileyo obrak.

Experience "Jin ngaphandle ebhotileni"

Le ulingelo kubonisa utitshala kanye, esebenzisa yimisi kwenzakalani ekhethekileyo. Amava esekelwe kwiipropati ezithile nitric acid wamandla. Ngokungafaniyo asidi ezininzi, kanzulu nitric ekwaziyo ukwenziswa into yokusabela imichiza kunye nesinyithi ezicwangciswe kumsebenzi umqolo metal emva hydrogen (ngaphandle platinum, igolide).

Ithumbu kuyimfuneko ukuba uwaphalazele kwaye ufake kwi zalo wire yobhedu. Phantsi ityhubhu hood itshiswa, kwaye abantwana basijonge ukuvela umphunga "ijinja igin."

KumaBakala 8-9 Utitshala ubhala equation iikhemikhali abasabela yabela iimpawu zawo (ukutshintsha umbala, isenzeko irhasi). Oku asinto ifanele ukuba umboniso ngaphandle isikolo zekhabhinethi chemical. Ngokutsho imigaqo yokhuseleko, luquka ukusetyenziswa ukwesona, ekubeni izibini nitrogen oxide ( "igesi ngebala") amele ingozi abantwana.

izilwanyana imifuniselo

Ukuze akalulola umdla abafundi chemistry, unako ukunika eksperimenti ekhaya. Umzekelo, ukuqhuba ukuphanda ziikristale ekhulayo yetyuwa.

Umntwana kufuneka ilungise isisombululo ifumile sodium chloride. Emva koko, uzibeke isetyana obhityileyo, kwaye ubuncinane ngumphunga amanzi avela umxube isebe liya "sikhule" ziikristale yetyuwa.

Ngqayi isisombululo ezingagungqiyo okanye zijikeleziswe. Xa iiveki ezi-2 ukuya ukukhula ziikristale, intonga kufuneka zisuswe ngononophelo kakhulu yesisombululo owomileyo. Ke ngoko, ukuba oyifunayo, imveliso ukuze isale ivanishi.

isiphelo

Kwikharityhulam yesikolo kukho isifundo umdla ngaphezu chemistry. Kodwa ukuze ukuba abantwana boyika kwale nzululwazi esimbaxa, utitshala kufuneka anikwe kumsebenzi ezaneleyo ngexesha amava eyonwabisayo kunye umfuniselo engaqhelekanga.

Kuyinto izakhono ezisebenzisekayo, leyo akhiwa ekuhambeni kwalo msebenzi, yaye kuya kunceda ukukhuthaza umdla kwesi sifundo. Yaye kumabanga asezantsi zithathelwa ingqalelo amava yokonwabisa ukuba GEF njengoko uyilo elizimeleyo kunye nophando.