Imbali yevoli. Imbali ukuvela nophuhliso yevoli

Kwaze 1930 yevoli ebaleni ehlabathini zatyeshela yinxalenye zolonwabo kunye nolonwabo. History of the imbonakalo umdlalo, "yevoli" kumazwekazi ezahlukeneyo iyahluka ngenxa yokuba kukho imithetho ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Noko ke, kukhuphiswano lwesizwe zase wadlala kumazwe amaninzi (umzekelo, kwiMpuma Yurophu, apho Inqanaba eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo). Ngenxa yoko, ibhola yevoli kokuba ezemidlalo ezinokhuphiswano, ebonakala imisebenzi aphezulu emzimbeni kunye nobuchwepheshe. Njani ukuba kwaqala?

UYise yevoli, uWilliam G. Morgan

Ngukhokho umdlalo yanamhlanje othandwayo wazalwa ngo-1870 kwisixeko Lockport New York, apho wachitha yakhe iminyaka ebuntwaneni, ukuya kwisikolo sikarhulumente nokusebenza isikhephe kayise phezu elunxwemeni Erie Canal endala. Ngowe-1891, bayahlelwa bazisa oselula Morgan James A. Naismith, lowo wayemiselwe ukuba ube ngukhokho yomnyazi. Emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samalungiselelo Northfield, Morgan waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe kwi-International Young vavanuna lava Association Christian (YMCA), i-Springfield (ngoku Springfield College). E Springfield italente entsha, ufunde ukuba izakhono lweembaleki, inxaxheba yinxalenye yeqela college lebhola ekhatywayo odumileyo phantsi kolwalathiso A. Alonzo Stagg, enye 'Ozukileyo Masters of football. " Ngowe-1894, emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, Morgan wavuma ngesiphakamiso uMlawuli yombutho kwaye yamkela nomqeqeshi kwindawo efanayo Holyoke Massachusetts. Yeyona ibali yevoli sabekwa ngeli xesha. Ngokufutshane sinokuthi ukuba sibamba ngazibini James A. Naismith, Morgan ndafumana ithuba kwanokubuyisela inkwenkwezi yabo kumabala emidlalo.

A game kubantu yobudala ephakathi?

Ngowe-1895, phambi kokuba umlawuli uWilliam. G. Morgan byi: izakhono ezemidlalo kunye noqeqesho kwi-mali kuyimfuneko ukuba bafumane abantu nayiphi na ubudala, kodwa amatsha-wafumana umdlalo yomnyazi iye yenziwa kuphela ebantwaneni. kwakunzima kakhulu ukuba koosomashishini basekuhlaleni yobudala phakathi, njengoko safunqula amandla amaninzi kwaye abavumelekanga ukuba ukuphumla. Phambi uMorgan ingxaki - kufuneka beze umthambo enjalo, apho bangadlala ukuzonwabisa emva komsebenzi kwaye ngexesha lesidlo sasemini. Njengoko ingxelo echaziwe ngxaki Morgan: "Lo mdlalo kufuneka ibe ngamandla ezemidlalo, kodwa ngaphandle qha ndlongo emzimbeni."

Emva koko wagqiba ukwenza ngokuncedisana imidlalo eziliqela ngcono kwaye wenze into entsha; Le yindlela yophuhliso wadlula imbali of the game. Volleyball ngaske iquka izinto (ibhola), yentenetya (umnatha), ibhola (kusetyenziswa umxhesho manual ibhola ukusuka kumgama), baseball (ingqiqo innings). Zonke izakhono okufakwe ngempumelelo kwi "mintonet" umdlalo ngokungathi kukho into ekuthiwa yi umdali. Kwaye nangona uvumo Umdlalo wokuqala ayiphelelanga, kodwa wazibonakalisa ukuba kakhulu nempumelelo, ukuba lokuwina i abaphulaphuli kwindawo YMCA kwinkomfa imidlalo yabaLawuli, eyayibanjelwe Springfield.

Imbali isahlakalo yevoli yokuba kule nkomfa, uGqirha Alfred Halstead, uNjingalwazi Sprinfildskogo College, njengekhosi umdlalo isihloko elithi "yevoli".

Ukulungiswa kunye ukhumbuzo lwe imithetho

Inani elikhulu utshintsho kwimbali idlulileyo umdlalo yevoli ukuba behle beze kuthi ngendlela, njengoko sisazi namhlanje. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kuqala kwiinto zonke, waliguqula igama lokuqala kulo mdlalo. Vuma, bekuya kuba nzima ukuba nomfanekiso Karch Kiraly (American umdlali ibhola yevoli,-ixesha 3 Intshatsheli YeOlimpiki weklasiki kwaye beach yevoli), ukudlala elunxwemeni in mintonet! Inani abadlali nayo lilimbi ekuqaleni iqela lavunyelwa ukuba abadlali abaninzi eludaka ayilifaneli isiqingatha metre 10x5, oko kukuthi, abantu abasithoba. Noko ke, emva kokuba iqela ezintsha phantsi kubantu-6 kwiqela ngalinye.

imidlalo Ekuqaleni ejimini Morgan wadlala ibhola ngekhamera rubberized. Kodwa ngo-1896, inkampani lezemidlalo "Spalding" yakhululwa wokuqala esemthethweni ibhola yevoli, kwaye ngo-1900, i ifomu kunye ubunzima neenjongo asezantsi phantse twatse loo milinganiselo ezisetyenziswa namhlanje.

waba kakhulu kunaleyo imidlalo kutshanje ukwenza ngakumbi umngeni Le gridi umdlalo yevoli. Imithetho yomdlalo kunye nembali lophuhliso ukususela ngoko kancinane kakhulu. Namhlanje, ukuphakama grid 2.43 m, kwaye kancinane ngaphezulu kwe 2.24 m kwabasetyhini. Ngokungqinelana nemigaqo original iqela yevoli score yaba amanqaku 21 ukuphumelela, kwaye ngo-1917, eli nani lancipha ukuya 15. Kwakhona, ngowe-1922, inani ibhola kuvunyelwa echukumisa umda ezintathu.

Volleyball ngaphandle kwe US

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imbali ukuvela yevoli ekhulisa kakhulu zanela kwiminyaka yokuqala embalwa, yena ngokukhawuleza wayitwabulula ngaphaya Melika umbulelo kubameli emibutho ezemidlalo, adla kwizikolo wevangeli Asia. Umdlalo ngexesha elifutshane uye iqhayiya ndawo phakathi Eastern Imidlalo, yaye ngowe-1913 kuhlala phantsi kwaye ibhola yevoli eRashiya. Ngethuba lokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe, eyaqaliswa ngo-1950, eRussia iqela lubalaseleyo waza wabonisa iziphumo ezisemagqabini. EYurophu, kakhulu abanomdla yevoli ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Ngowe-1913, imbali yevoli iye yakhula e Asia eyiyo, lo nyaka kumdlalo yabandakanywa inkqubo yokuqala Far Eastern Imidlalo, umbutho eManila. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kulo mdlalo yimithetho ezavalwayo ukuba ixesha elide kwelaseAsiya, nto leyo ithetha ukuba iqela abadlali-16 (abantu abaninzi, kunye nokukhuthazwa game).

Ukuthandwa omkhulu mdlalo iye yazuza emva kokuba yenziwe ulawulo olusemthethweni kunye nomelo. Ngo-1928 kwakukho Association of the United States yevoli ngo-1947. kokuba uqambe International Volleyball Federation (FIVB). Ngowe-1949, ubuntshatsheli amadoda yokuqala yasePrague, eCzechoslovakia.

Index ukuthandwa

Iimpawu yokukhula kwenani abadlali yevoli lusoloko ekhula, njengoko inqaku ubalisa ibali ka 1916, ebhalwe ngu Robert K. Kabbunom kunye inxaxheba "Spalding". Ngokutsho koqikelelo Kabbuna, inani labadlali liye lafikelela abangama-200 000 abantu, apho amaqela ulutsha zahlulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kwi YMCA (amakhwenkwe, abafana nabantu abadala) - 70 000 abantu YWCA (amantombazana kunye namabhinqa) - abantu abangama-50 000 .. kwizikolo (amakhwenkwe namantombazana) - 25 000. kunye nabantu iikholeji (amakhwenkwe) 10 000.

Ngowe-1916, umbutho wakwazi ukutsalela YMCA onamandla ukukhula ukuthandwa umdlalo phakathi abafundi National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), epapashwe uluhlu lwemithetho kunye noluhlu lwamanqaku malunga yevoli.

Ukususela gym phezu kwentlabathi

Ngowe-1940 waba indlela eyahlukileyo yevoli. Amaqela abadlali ababini okanye abane ukukhuphisana kukhuphiswano uchaze phezu kwiilwandle ezinentlabathi of California, yaye kungekudala amaqela best waqalisa ukuhamba phezulu okanye ezantsi unxweme ukudibana zamehlo kunye namanye amaqela. Itumente beach yevoli yokuqala yabanjwa e-California ngo-1948

emva umabonakude le ubuntshatsheli ibanjelwe e kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki e Atlanta ngo-1996 Ibali yomdlalo yabalasela impumelelo mihle FIVB swatch World Tour, impumelelo iphambili beach yevoli weza beach yevoli ivule brand indlela entsha kwinqanaba ngamazwe.

beach yevoli

beach umbutho yevoli yasekwa ngo-1965 ngenjongo yokuba iyantlukwano emgangathweni lwemithetho kunye lemidlalo esemthethweni. Ngo-1976, abadlali best nendandikhuphisana imali ibhaso njengoko iimbaleki ingqalelo 1983 kwasekwa i-Association of iingcali yevoli (AVP) Abadlali eyindoda. Kuba pool ibhaso kweembaleki ingqalelo njengoko abadlali best bakhuphisane yevoli. Amabhinqa azigqibileyo ubudlelwane zabo ngo-1986.

Xa saqalisa ukuba nokhuphiswano kunxweme inkwenkwezi yevoli Olimpiki, lo mdlalo waba nakakhulu. Beach ibhola yevoli lwandile ukusuka eCalifornia eFlorida koko kwamanye amazwe, nkqu nabo ezingenazi elwandle. Kwezinye iindawo, sasidlala ngaphakathi kwi ezinkundleni entlabathini. Ngo-1993, beach yevoli sele uthandwa kangaka eUnited States ukuba kwiitumente ezazidlalwa kumabonakude yesizwe.

Ngowe-1987, i-umdlalo wokuqala ngamazwe phakathi kwamaqela la madoda mabini xa (yevoli). Abafazi abadlale ngayo kwitumente yokuqala sicwangciso ngo-1993

amabhaso egolide

ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwacaca ukuba kuphela wamthanda yevoli namadoda eliqina wazalwa ekuqaleni, kodwa amantombazana aselula. Lokuqala US ubuntshatsheli yevoli yesizwe besifazane wadlala-1949, kwiminyaka 54 emva kokuzalwa umdlalo. Ukhuphiswano lokuqala amazwe eMoscow amabhinqa eyayibanjwe ngo-1952

Namhlanje, ziyingxenye kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki abantu kunye nokhuphiswano abasetyhini classic kunye beach yevoli. Okokuqala yaba asimdlalo Olimpiki ngo-1964 eJapan. Le host country - Japan kunye yiSoviet Union bebedibana ku-kankqoyi zombini iinkokeli kunye neembaleki Soviet igolide kudidi wabafazi. Kudidi la madoda xa yevoli babenalo ithuba yiSoviet Union, emva kokuphumelela Olympic Games yokuqala, abadlali bethu bephumelela iimbasa umntu ngamnye imidlalo emihlanu ezayo. Iqela yevoli madoda US ikwaze luloyiso kwi-1984 no-1988 GG

Imbali kwi ukuvela kunye nophuhliso yevoli esantini weza kamva kakhulu umdlalo zakudala. Beach ibhola yevoli waba asimdlalo Olimpiki eAtlanta kuphela ngo-1996 (kule tumente phakathi eUnited States, Brazil kunye Australia).

Kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo umdlalo sele ufumene umjikelo omtsha lophuhliso kwibala lemidlalo: iziganeko kakhulu nempumelelo ngamazwe ezifana lemidlalo njengoko Championship FIVB yeHlabathi, World League, Championship Grand Prix World, emva kweMidlalo YeOlimpiki ngokubaluleka.

yevoli Russia

Nangona isibakala sokuba yevoli lwasungulwa America, eRashiya, umdlalo ngokukhawuleza wambamba kwaye wawa eluthandweni. Kangangokuba eJamani kwathiwa ngokuba abantu Russian. Ayimangalisi loo nto, ekubeni yintshatsheli Russian wanika umdlalo iimpawu ezizodwa: agility, athleticism, isantya. Emva ngo-1920, kunye nxaxheba nabaqeqeshi American kwizixeko ezininzi Russian kokucwangcisa amaqela yevoli, yaye ngowe-1922, waba nomdla kulo mdlalo e Moscow, kuquka oko kwikharityhulam. yonke ukuba iimbaleki Young waqala ukukhuphisana kulo mdlalo. Kuzo zonke republic eSoviet Union izuze umdlalo ingqalelo, ngakumbi emva kokuba ukufakwa kwayo le miDlalo. ziintshatsheli Soviet 4 amaxesha igolide kweNdebe yeHlabathi, amaxesha 6 baba abaphumeleleyo lobuntshatsheli ngamazwe kunye 12 amaxesha abaphumeleleyo of Europe.

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union ayipheli imbali yevoli eRashiya. Ngowe-1991, i-All-Russian Volleyball Federation yadalwa, nto leyo eye walilondoloza ulwazi lwabafundisi Soviet. Ngowe-1993, iqela lamadoda ithatha inxaxheba World League, emi kwindawo yesibini. Kulo nyaka omnye ngo-Turku iimbaleki bafumana imbasa yobhedu kwi tumente enjalo. Oku kulandelwa uthotho yamashwa de 1999 xa umqeqeshi weqela livela G. Ya. Shipulin, apho iqela ufumana imbasa yesilivere kule tumente yaseYurophu kwaye ogqiba iNdebe yeHlabathi. Umendo oya kwi Lavrov kwakunzima kakhulu, kuba iqela Russian wayejamelene iqela womeleleyo iNetherlands, Italy, Czech Republic, Greece, iYugoslavia. Volleyball Russia kwakhona yatyatyamba kuphela ngo-2002, xa iqela efunyenweyo uloyiso kwi World League.

Isiganeko esilandelayo - kweNdebe yeHlabathi kunye Olimpiki Beijing - babeba iziphumo ezihle lo mdlalo, kwaye lokoyiswa isigqibo kule tumente lokugqibela, yaye Bronze kodwa uzinzile bahamba kwabadlali. ngonyaka 2012-2013 ibhalwe ngu zoloyiso ezintsha ogcwele iRashiya - kwi kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki 2012 kunye European Championships.

Imbali yevoli la manani. Iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kunye nemihla

1895 UWilliam G. Morgan (1870-1942) kudala yevoli umdlalo.

1896 ephuhliswa wazibeka imveliso ibhola ukuze yevoli.

1922: I kukhuphiswano lokuqala lwesizwe eBrooklyn, eNew York, apho amaqela-27 ezivela kumazwe ali-11 athatha inxaxheba.

1928, kucacile ukuba kwiitumente kunye imithetho ziyimfuneko. Bakha American Association of yevoli.

1930: ukuzalwa Beach Volleyball kunxweme Santa Monica, California.

1934: imvume kunye nokunakana abagwebi lesizwe yevoli.

1947 wasungula International Volleyball Federation (FIVB); ibhalwe ngokusesikweni imbali kunye yevoli imithetho.

1948: Le midlalo beach yokuqala.

1949: Championships International ePrague.

1964 Volleyball iqukiwe kuluhlu lwe-Olimpiki Games eTokyo.

1965: beach yevoli umbutho kuyilwa (CBVA).

1983: Umsebenzi we Association of Professionals e yevoli (AVP).

1996: beach yevoli wenza bt yayo asimdlalo Olimpiki.

1997: Deyn Blenton waba umdlali wokuqala American-Afrika yobungcali beach ekhatywayo, ukufumana uloyiso kule tumente Miller Lite / AVP.

2007: Karch Kiraly ukutshitshisa umsebenzi obalaseleyo, eshiya ngasemva i uphawu ezingqondweni. Kiraly - yimbali yevoli. Ngokufutshane singathi mayela nempumelelo yakhe waphumelela itumente iminyaka engama-24, iqela lakhe waphuma kwi semi-kankqoyi kwi-75% yazo zonke kukhuphiswano, apho inxaxheba.