Imbali kunye nenkcazelo malunga Eyjafjallajökull mlilo

Ukususela kwixesha lakudala, mlilo ukoyika kwaye ndinomdla kumntu ngokwakhe. ukuba ungalala kangangeenkulungwane. Umzekelo imbali esandukubakho Eyjafjallajökull mlilo. Abantu belima amasimi kumathambeka yentaba lomlilo, bakhwela ntaba, kwakhiwe izindlu. Kodwa kungekudala entabeni umlilo-ukuphefumla uvumbulula, iya kuzisa intshabalalo neentlekele.

Lelona glacier yesithandathu inkulu e Iceland, akhiwe ngasezantsi 125 km empuma Reykjavik. Ngaphantsi yaye ezimelene glacier ngokuyinxenye efihla Myurdalsyokudl mlilo ukuba imilo etsobhileyo.

Ukuphakama kwiincopho glacier iimitha 1666, ubukhulu balo - malunga 100 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. mngxuma mlilo ufikelela ububanzi of km 4. Kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, mathambeka wambu ezihambayo. I elikufutshane Idolophu - kwilali skógar ibekwe kumazantsi eli glacier. Ukusuka apha Sivela umlambo Skougau, kunye ingxangxasi skógafoss odumileyo.

I-Icelandic mlilo Eyjafjallajökull - imvelaphi igama

Mlilo Igama kuvela amagama amathathu Icelandic ukuba ingabonisa Island glacier nentaba. Mhlawumbi loo nto kunzima kangaka ukuba avakalise aze egcinwe kabi. Njengoko iingcali ngeelwimi bathi, yinxalenye encinane abemi bomhlaba yokulibiza ngokuchanekileyo kuphela - le Eyjafjallajökull mlilo. Liguqulwe lithatyathwa kwigama Icelandic negama iyalila "glacier siqithi entabeni."

Zentaba akukho gama

Ngenxa yoko, ibinzana elithi "mlilo Eyjafjallajökull" wangena Lexicon zehlabathi ngo-2010. Yinto funny, xa ucinge ukuba ayikho enyanisweni iintaba umlilo-ukuphefumla kwegama elifanayo yendalo. E Iceland, omninzi komkhenkce mlilo. Ophelileyo apho kwisiqithi malunga amathathu. Xa km 125 ukusuka Reykjavik, kumazantsi Iceland, le glacier enkulu kangangoko. Yaba nguye olufana igama lakhe kunye Eyjafjallajökull mlilo.

Le ibekwe phantsi mlilo, apho kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi angezanga kunye negama. Yena kwamagama. Ngo-Apreli 2010, yena wothuswa lonke Europe ixesha elithile abe Wawongwa lwehlabathi. Ukuze ukuba bambize mlilo ongenagama, amajelo eendaba wacelwa ukuba igama igama lakhe glacier - Eyjafjallajokull. Ukuze ukuba ukudida abafundi bethu, siza kuthetha naye ngokunjalo.

incazelo

Icelandic mlilo Eyyafyatlayokudl stratovolcano ekuso. Ngamanye amazwi, oku ukhandwa ezahlukahukeneyo Cone umxube siyanyangeka udaka uthuthu, amatye njl

Iceland kaThixo Eyjafjallajokull mlilo iyasebenza iminyaka 700 000, kodwa ukususela ngo-1823 oko kunganxulunyaniswa kudidi ukulala. Ithi ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX iqhuma ayikhange ezisisigxina. kubangela inkxalabo ukuba izazinzulu karhulumente Eyjafjallajokull mlilo ayihlangulwa. Bafumanisa ukuba iye nodlame izihlandlo eziliqela ngenxa yeminyaka edlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu msebenzi kunganxulunyaniswa ezolile - ukuba kube yingozi ebantwini. Njengoko la maxwebhu, i-mlilo abazange abafani ezikhutshwayo ezinkulu wentaba-mlilo, lava kunye neegesi ezishushu.

Irish Eyjafjallajokull mlilo - ibali mlilo enye

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, emva kokuba kukujaduka mlilo ngowe-1823 waqonda ubuthongo. Ekupheleni kuka-2009, eli nani lenyuswa laya ziintshukumo zenyikima. De kube ngoMatshi 2010 ukuba kubekho malunga amandla iwaka umothuko wamva e amanqaku 1-2. Le uchulumanco kwenzeka kubunzulu abamalunga ne-10 km.

NgoFebruwari 2010, abasebenzi Meteorological Institute of Iceland Kunceda GPS-imilinganiselo ezibhalwe kummandla ukubana glacier ye kuqweqwe lomhlaba ku-3 cm ezantsi-mpuma. Umsebenzi waqhubeka akhule kwaye yayina 3 - 5 Matshi. Ngeli xesha, oko kubhalwe iingcangcazela amawaka amathathu ngosuku.

Zokulindela dubulo

Ukususela eyingozi ngeenxa zonke mlilo abasemagunyeni bagqiba ukuba kuphunywe abahlali balapha 500, ukoyika ugcwalise ndawo, nto leyo enokwenza enamandla ukunyibilika komkhenkce, equka Iceland kaThixo Eyjafjallajokull mlilo. Ukuze siphephe, siye wayivala loo moya Keflavik ngamazwe.

NgoMatshi 19 iingcangcazela baye bafudukela ngasempumalanga kuloo mngxuma wasentla. Baye yasentabeni kubunzulu-4 - km 7. ngcembe Umsebenzi isasazeke kakhulu ukuya ngasempuma, yaye iingcangcazela lafika kufutshane kumphezulu.

At 23:00 on izazinzulu April 13 Iceland ziintshukumo zenyikima kwi ngundoqo mlilo sele esisigxina, ukuya entshona neentanda ezimbini. Emva kweyure, oko baqalisa ukujaduka entsha kumazantsi eli mgodi engundoqo. A yintsika ash eshushu lenyuka ukuya km-8.

I elinye ubude kuqhuma phezu km 2. Glacier waqala ngenkuthalo ukunyibilika, yaye amanzi abuya bobabini ngasentla nangasezantsi kwiindawo ezihlala abantu. Angxamisekileyo abantu 700 babalekiswa. Emini amanzi anyibilike umkhondo imoto enezikhukula, akuba kutshatyalaliswa kuqala. Xa ash deposit-mlilo emazantsi Iceland ziye zibhaliwe.

Ngo April 16 ikholam wentaba wafikelela yeekhilomitha 13. Oku zesayensi basenokurhana. Xa ash uphakanyiselwa ukuya ubude neekhilomitha ngaphezu kwama-11 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, lihlaba kungena stratosphere kwaye kudluliselwa imigama emide. Ukusasazeka ash ngasempumalanga negalelo anticyclone elinamandla ngasemntla Atlantic.

Lo mlilo

Yaba March 20, 2010. Loo mini yaqala kuqhambuko yokugqibela mlilo e Iceland. ekugqibeleni Eyjafjallajokull ndivuke ngentsimbi 23:30 GMT. Xa ngasempumalanga glacier Obumbe komsantsa, ubude leyo malunga neemitha ezingama-500.

Ngelo xesha, ukuba ingabi sabhalwa ezikhutshwayo ash enkulu. NgoAprili 14, kuqhuma enomfutho. Kwaba lelo xesha ke, yaye kwakukho wokunciphisa onamandla eninzi wentaba-mlilo. Kule uqhagamshelo kwaba elibala closed phezu ngxenye yeYurophu de-20 Apreli 2010. moya kuphela ikhephu ngoMeyi 2010. Iingcali ziqikelela ngobunzulu dubulo kwi VEI isikali lamanqaku 4.

ash esiyingozi

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho ongaqhelekanga na imo Eyjafjallajökull mlilo. Emva ziintshukumo zenyikima, eyathatha iinyanga eziliqela, kuloo ndawo glacier ngobusuku 20 Matshi 21 kwaqala mlilo pretty cwaka. Oku nkqu kukhankanyiwe kumaphephandaba. Yonke into itshintshile kuphela ebusuku ukususela nge-13 ukuya kwi-14 Apreli, xa dubulo sakhatshwa kokukhutshwa isixa esikhulu wentaba-mlilo, kunye zomhlathi yakhe yafikelela babengabafo abade.

Kuwa kwabangelwa zothutho ngomoya?

Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba ukususela ngoMatshi 20, 2010 phezu Old yeHlabathi yezothutho emoyeni iyasondela yokuwa. Waye ezinxulumene ilifu mlilo osidalileyo ngequbuliso ayivukanga mlilo Eyjafjallajökull. Apho yafumana amandla ukuba cwaka ukususela ngenkulungwane XIX, intaba ayaziwa, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe ilifu elikhulu umlotha, elaqala ukwenza ngoAprili 14, libugqubuthele Europe.

Emva kokuvalwa elibala enedumbe moya ngaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu kulo lonke elaseYurophu. ukukhohliswa abaninzi kunikelwa ash mlilo kunye neengcali Russian. Kwilizwe lethu, ziye uvalelwe okanye irhoxisiwe ngokupheleleyo amakhulu moya. Amawaka abantu, kuquka baseRashiya, le meko kulindeleke ukuba ukuphucula kwi moya kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Kwabakho ilifu mlilo Ungathanda ukudlala nabantu, imihla ukutshintsha ulwalathiso kunye neze 'ukuphulaphula' ukuba iingcali, eliphantsi abantu lithemba ukuba dubulo aziyi kuhlala ixesha elide.

Geophysics Iceland zemozulu Aprili 18 Wathi "IRIA NOVOSTI", ukuba abakwazi ukuqikelela ixesha dubulo. Abantu bazalwa wazilungiselela ukuba "ukulwa 'elide kunye mlilo kunye nesiqalo ngokubala ilahleko ezibalulekileyo.

Isimanga, kodwa ukuvuseleleka le Eyjafjallajökull mlilo e Iceland kuba akazange abe nazo naziphi na iziphumo kakhulu, ngaphandle mhlawumbi ngenxa ngobungxamo kunye ukuvalwa kwesikolo okwethutyana seenqwelo-moya.

Kuba yezwekazi Europe ikholam enkulu mlilo yaba yintlekele, Kakade ke, kule aspect yezothutho. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ash mlilo uye iimpawu zomzimba ukuba iyingozi kakhulu ukuba mboni. Xa lesitofu injini-moya iyakwazi ukuyeka injini, nto leyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo kukhokelela ntlekele eyoyikekayo.

Umngcipheko ukundiza maxa wambi kwandisa ngenxa zoqhaphelo olukhulu mlilo emoyeni, leyo kunciphisa kakhulu ukubonakala. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu ngexesha ndlela. ash mlilo kungabangela ukungasebenzi izixhobo kwi-kwibhodi elektroniki kunye nonomathotholo apho ukhuseleko kwendiza kuxhomeke ubukhulu becala.

ukulahleka

Kuqhuma le Eyjafjallajokull mlilo uye ilahleko iinkampani yabakhenkethi yaseYurophu. Babanga ukuba ilahleko zabo ziye ngaphaya $ 2.3 billion, yaye konakalise hits imihla kwipokotho, kwaba malunga $ 400 million

Iilahleko ayeqikelelwe moya kwixabiso ngokusemthethweni $ 1.7 yezigidi zezigidi. Le ukuvuseleleka weentaba omlilo ochaphazelekayo-29% of ukundiza yehlabathi. Yonke imihla nonesi dubulo waba ngaphezu kwesigidi abakhweli.

Akavumela kwaye Russian "Aeroflot". Ngexesha lokuvalwa lwelayini zokuqhuba Europe inkampani iye ngokungayithobeli kwithuba 362 moya. Iilahleko ezigidi zayo zeerandi.

nemibono wezazi

Iingcali athi ngokwenene ilifu mlilo yingozi kakhulu ukuba moya. Xa ahlaselwa abasebenzi baphawula nokungaboni kakuhle kakhulu. elektroniki ekwinqwelo ukusebenza kunye nokuphazamiseka ezinkulu.

Le orifices kubangela "ihempe" yiglasi kwi ivili, Ukuxinana ezisetyenziswa lokubonelela umoya injini kunye nezinye iinxalenye moya, kunokubangela ukusilela sabo. Ngesi sivumelwano kunye nabathetheli airships.

Katla mlilo

Emva kokuba kuwohloka yomsebenzi Eyjafjallajökull mlilo, izazinzulu ezininzi kwangaphambili qinile mlilo nenye intaba Icelandic ezivuthayo - Katla. It mkhulu kakhulu kwaye onamandla ngaphezu Eyjafjallajokull.

Nkulungwane ezimbini zokugqibela, xa abantu ababebukele kukujaduka Eyjafjallajökull, kulandele kwesithuba seenyanga ezintandathu, uqhuma kunye Katla.

Ezi mlilo ibekwe kumazantsi Iceland, kumgama ozikilometa elinesibhozo omnye komnye. Besabelana inkqubo eqhelekileyo lamajelo daka phantsi komhlaba. Katla Crater ibekwe phantsi mýrdalsjökull glacier. indawo yayo 700 macala onke. km, ubukhulu - 500 leemitha. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ebudeni kuqhambuko ash emoyeni liwa ezilishumi ngaphezu ngo-2010. Kodwa ngethamsanqa, nangona uqikelelo esichazela wenzululwazi, Katla kodwa akukho zimpawu zokuphila.