Ilizwe umhlaseli: definition. lizwe Umhlaseli kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe

kuye kwabonakala Le mbono "lizwe mhlaseli 'endle yomthetho ngamazwe ukususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Xa kwacaca ukuba imfazwe wayekude ekupheleni kwayo, abameli zokusebenzisana anti-Hitler inxaxheba umsebenzi ekudalweni imibutho kunye noncedo lwezomthetho ukuze kuthintelwe naziphi na apho emisaveni ukuvela olu hlobo umhlaseli. Noko ke, nangona Convention kunye ngamazwe nomthetho, nokuqhubeka ukungqubana abaxhobileyo ehlabathini, kuquka ne-nxaxheba kwamagunya ezinkulu ezifana eUnited States.

Essentials zokhuseleko

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaphela ngoSeptemba, kunye emuva eJapan, yaye sele-Oktobha 24, 1945 kwinkomfa e San Francisco yamkele charter loMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo, nto leyo isayinwe abameli amahlanu ithi. Olu xwebhu, ingakumbi, i namandla emiselweyo liBhunga lezoKhuseleko. IBhunga lezoKhuseleko xa kukho isoyikiso ibanjiwe yenza iingcebiso okanye uthatha izigqibo zakhe ekusombululeni ingxaki nokubuyisela ukhuseleko. Yeyona emimiselweni yeZizwe eziManyeneyo okokuqala apho kukho inkcazo epheleleyo elithi "umhlaseli ilizwe": oko kukuthi, yintoni na iimpawu zayo eziphambili.

Charter abakhulu

Uxwebhu e inkcazo ndlongo lujolise ukuhlasela abaxhobileyo kumongami, integrity kunye ukuzimela kwezopolitiko. Ngelo xesha linye impendulo UN akuxhomekekanga ekubeni ilungu kaRhulumente wahlaselwa zombutho okanye hayi. Itshata kwakhona ipeyintwe iinkcukacha zeLizwe leyo kuthathwa ndlongondlongo. Izenzo uchuku na hlaselo amandla, ukuhlaselwa, kwakunye neziphumo zezi zenzo ngohlobo umsebenzi okanye nokudliwa. Ukongeza, uluhlu izenzo ezinjalo, ukusetyenziswa naziphi na izixhobo yi kuvalwe iindlela iingalo, kwakunye kokuba imikhosi kwi kummandla mercenaries zimi phambi zingathathwa njengezenzo uchuku.

izizathu ezivakalayo

I-UN Charter imisela, nokuba ndlongo nga akukho ndlela ugwetyelwe. Ngokukodwa, ithi ukuba kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, emkhosini, kunye nezinye iingqwalasela abakwazi ukuzithethelela isenzo ndlongondlongo omnye ilizwe nxamnye nomnye. Ekubeni ukuziphatha uthathwa nje ulwaphulo-mthetho, i-lizwe umhlaseli kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ithathwa njenge-mthetho. Ngako oko, ikhomishini loo mthetho ibandakanya uxanduva. Kwakhona icacise ukuba naluphi na ulwazi olufumaneke ngokuba ngenxa ndlongo lokuyifumana ayikwazi ihlonitshwe ngabahlali ngamazwe kunye ukufumana iimpepha ezisemthethweni.

unit ukuthula

Ngokutsho izazinzulu ezininzi zezopolitiko zehlabathi, izigqibo isakhiwo ukuze namazwe ngamazwe simlahle ezibandakanya Melika. Siyaqondakala ingxelo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa into yokuba i-UN Charter iye yabhalwa yaza yamkelwa kwesinye sezixeko American, yenza ukuba ukujonga lo mba ngokusondeleyo. Kuba naluphi na ungquzulwano yomkhosi ndlongo ngo-1949 kwaba ukudala nongxowankulu wamajoni-zopolitiko NATO, eyaziwa ngokuba NATO. Le yunithi nakumazwe 28: kumazwe ngakumbi nangakumbi eYurophu, USA ne Canada. Ikomkhulu - Brussels (Belgium). Njengoko ka-2010 impi ehlangene ababalwayo malunga 3.8 yezigidi. Man.

IDemocratic Alliance, ubukhulu becala ukuba alwe eSoviet Union kunye nokuhlasela yayo reflection, emva yokuduka yiSoviet Union watshintshela utshaba entsha, ogama - ubunqolobi. Kwaba phantsi kwephiko wokulwa ubunqolobi , amazwe NATO ukulwa Afghanistan, eYugoslavia kunye Libya. Ngokubhukuqwa kolawulo kula mazwe kunye nokungeniswa Washington kwanikezwa inkululeko yabantu abahlala apho ukususela yeetawuli namabutho kunye nesikhundla kwezi nkalo ze demokrasi, nto leyo kunokufikelelwa kuphela wamagazi.

Okwangoku, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni slogans ukuba iculwa uluntu ehlabathini, abaninzi baqonde ukuba NATO wenza kumdla kwamagunya amakhulu, oko kukuthi i-United States. Noko ke, ukuba omnye bemikhosi zinamandla, "Iinkwenkwezi Stripes" kwaye ngokwabo ikwazile 'isitofu "kwedemokhrasi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi ngempumelelo.

I-United States njengoko umhlaseli ephambili jikelele

Igama elithi "mhlaseli lizwe" ngengqiqo yokuba lenziwe ekuqaleni ezantsi kwi UN postulates yavezwa ngokucacileyo. Nangona ukusuka kwindawo esemthethweni lwembono, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe inkonzo epheleleyo eya Melika ibandakanywa lasisimiso enamandla yehlabathi, nilangazelela ukuba uncedo bezityholo incinane kwamalungelo oluntu, kodwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, zigxile ifomula: "Le United States - kwilizwe-umhlaseli" .

Namhlanje, ngo zokuvota ezininzi uluvo, uninzi lwabaphenduli iinkokeli elililo baseMerika ebizwa inqanaba ndlongo ngamazwe. Lwezazi asole eendaba ezenza ukugxila okwandayo i kwi US "elwela" kwiiBalkans, kuMbindi Mpuma, Latin America, Afrika. Ngelo xesha, amazwe ukuba ngaba ngokwenene kutshabalalisa ihlabathi, malunga ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu - isimo kwi yokugcina leyo izixhobo zenyukliya.

ezidingekayo counterweight

imbono yabo kwezombangazwe wabona iziphumo zokuvota uluvo loluntu zithande ukuba ukujonga imeko ngokwahlukileyo kancinci. Ngokutsho kubo, kulula ukucinga oko kuya kwenzeka ehlabathini ukuba akukho kobunkokheli enjalo - ngokucacileyo ngokucacileyo. Kulo mzekelo, xa kungekho yokubana nokuyigutyula emikhulu kalikhulu enomfutho ungquzulwano zasekuhlaleni kunye nomzabalazo yobunkokheli.

Oku kukhokelela kozinzo olukhulu ehlabathini, ngenxa indlela enye okanye ukuba sibumbane enkulu ungquzulwano kunye ngokutsha entsha komyalelo yehlabathi enye. Kule meko, inkqubo zeetshekhi kunye nezikali, apho ihlabathi ophilileyo, ubunkokheli yombuso kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko inkoliso yabantu ehlabathini.

ECrimea kunye nengxaki Ukrainian

Ekupheleni kuka-2013 e-Ukraine uye waba nengxaki inamandla kwezopolitiko zenzeka. Abaqhankqalazi zaya Independence Square, befuna yokurhoxa lorhulumente yangoku. An isiphumo esingalindelekanga ezi ziganeko ibe nokudliwa eCrimea kunye Sevastopol ukuya Russian Federation ngoMatshi 2014. NgoFebruwari, abahlali Russian abathetha ulwimi lwasemzini beso eCrimea wathabatha ezitratweni nxamnye kufika ngamandla eKiev ngendlela abaxhasi ubhedu euromaidan. Ukutshintsha kwamandla kweli lizwe isaziso iinkokheli ezintsha ze Ukraine niyimigqakhwe wacela uncedo eRashiya. Ngoko okwesihlandlo sokuqala izityholo uphoswe yi lonke aseNtshona, ukuba Russia - umhlaseli lizwe. Yesicelo asolwa nokudliwa eCrimea, nto leyo ethetha ukufakwa ngenkani kwi kwintsimi Russian ukuba phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ubandakanya uxanduva.

Ukuze ikwazi ukuhambelana neemfuno zamazwe-zimvo yayibanjelwe eCrimea, nto leyo yonyulwa niyimigqakhwe ngokusesikweni uninzi amazwe aseYurophu Union kunye United States. Ukraine ungayamkeli izenzo kobunkokheli Russian kunye Epreli 2014 kubekwe eCrimea ahlala ntsimi. Ukongeza, i-UN iNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ekupheleni kuka Matshi yamkela isigqibo ekuthi ngawo zimvo eCrimea akukho mthethweni. It uvotela xwebhu uninzi epheleleyo.

Ekupheleni ngoJanuwari kulo nyaka, inkokheli Ukrainian ngokusemthethweni waqonda naseRussia njengohlobo umhlaseli malunga nemimandla yayo emzantsi-mpuma.

Isohlwayo njengoko entamo

izenzo Russia baye kwakhokelela umbutho bohlukaniswe ngamazwe. Iqalwa yi eUnited States, apho umnwe isikhundla ukuthengisa umonakalo lalo kwezoqoqosho ngenxa yokuba i-European Union ukwayo lwezoqoqosho nopolitiko nazo zona. Ke bona i "Big Ezisixhenxe" kunye namanye amaqabane. Izohlwayo zaziquka utyelelo ezimbalwa. I-packet yokuqala ezichongiweyo ngqele asethi nemisela ungeno kwabo ubuntu, apho West ukholelwa uqikelelo uMongameli Vladimir Putin. Phakathi ezi, ingakumbi, oosomashishini abazalwana Arkady kunye Boris Rotenberg. kwiinkampani zangaphandle kumazwe ahlukeneyo ndiqalile ube sowuyisusile yokusebenzisana ne-Russia ezininzi kwiinkalo msebenzi. Isimo "Russia - eli lizwe umhlaseli" kukoyika abaninzi, ukulahlekelwa neqabane ebusweni Washington kaThixo Ndandingekakulungeli mntu.

ukutolikwa Russian uchuku

Xa ubunyani izohlwayo kunye kontrsanktsy Ndizuze intsingiselo entsha lonke elithi "ilizwe umhlaseli." Bill yeku intsimi yomthetho izinto ezintsha eRashiya, wanikela ePalamente ukusuka 'United Russia "kunye Anton Romanov, Evgeny Fedorov. Le yokugqibela kwakhona umnxibelelanisi umbutho "National Liberation Movement" kunye Sergey Katasonov, ilungu kubambene LDPR. Olu xwebhu yangeniswa kurhulumente ngenxa ingqalelo ngoDisemba 2014. Xa ingcaciso ibhili, ababhali bathi imfuneko umthetho onjalo, kunye nokuziphatha ngxwaba kumazwe non-intsebenziswano leyo baqalise nxamnye neRashiya nabemi bayo, kwakunye nabantu zomthetho ukwayo.

Bekucingelwa ukuba urhulumente Russian ziza kuxhotyiswa ukufumanisa irosta ithi, enokusetyenziswa kule kota ukukhusela umyalelo siseko. Imfuneko osayilwayo nayo ezimiselwe ukhuseleko lwesizwe, uphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe kunye ukhuseleko lwayo. Phakathi kweenjongo eziphambili lukho umthetho - le sokulinganisa zokubonisa Russian kwi Consulting kwishishini kwiinkampani zangaphandle.

Ngokukodwa, iifem ngokubonelela zophicotho kwinkalo nangenkonzo yeengcebiso, umthetho kunye nabanye lizwe zenkobe ilulwimi lwase-lizwe umhlaseli, abayi kuvunyelwa ukuba benze imisebenzi yabo eRashiya. Ngaphezu koko, uvaliwe kufuneka sokwandisa kunye no neenkampani zangaphandle Russian. Ngokutsho ababhali oyilwayo, yemarike Consulting ukuba ububange yeenkampani zamanye amazwe. Ngokutsho idatha yazo, 70% yemarike, ogama zengeniso 2013 ngaphaya 90 ezigidi. Hlikihla. Woba abadlali ezinkulu ezifana British Ernst & Young okanye American Deloitte. ngabaqulunqe ezi oyilwayo bonisa ukuba phantsi imeko yangoku ngezizwe, oko kungadala umonakalo omkhulu ukhuseleko kwezoqoqosho njengoko uphicotho uninzi lwamashishini qhinga Russian sigcinwa kwiinkampani zangaphandle.

Urhulumente akakholiswa

Nangona obonakala ukungxamiseka yokwazisa ubume wezopolitiko ofana lizwe umhlaseli, urhulumente Russian ayizange ukuxhasa inyathelo of zamasekela. Njengokuba lulandelayo kokuqukunjelwa Sergei Prikhodko umtyikityo, intloko izixhobo karhulumente, ubume "lizwe Umhlaseli", inkcazelo yokuba kumnika ababhali projekthi, ezinxamnye umxholo, okulungiswe elithi "ndlongo" yi-UN yiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Ukongeza, kule ingcaciso ngayo kuqatshelwe ukuba izibonelelo Ibhili omtsha alisayi kuwathathela ngqalelo awohluke-hlukeneyo kwamagunya epalamente kunye nentloko karhulumente entsimini wokhuseleko ulongamo Russian. Ukongeza, le inoveli ecetywayo imithetho echasene nomthetho yokuthenga.

oosonzululwazi ezopolitiko kunye ePalamente zisenamathandabuzo malunga kungenzeka ukuba amkele umthetho onjalo, "ilizwe Umhlaseli" - igama, ukuqaliswa leyo enokukhokelela ingapheli nakakhulu imbambano.