Inkqubo '5c "kwi imveliso: inkcazelo, kweempawu, imigaqo kunye nohlolo

Intloko yayo nayiphi na inkampani, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umsebenzi, ufuna ukukhula iingeniso kunye neendleko zemveliso ziye kuhlala ingaguqukanga. Ukuphumeza yoko enjalo inkqubo "5" ekuvelisweni (5 kwi kwinguqulelo IsiNgesi), nto leyo esekelwe kuphela kwi indlela eyiyo kwezibonelelo zangaphakathi.

Le nkqubo akadalwanga ukusuka ekuqaleni. wanikela Into efanayo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX i yaseMelika Frederick Taylor. In Russia siye sasebenza kulo ingcali yenzululwazi, owaguqula, sobulumko ideologist AA Bogdanov, ngubani yapapashwa ngowe-1911 kwincwadi phezu kwemimiselo yolawulo yenzululwazi. Ngenxa yemimiselo equlathwe kulo eSoviet Union saphumeza umculo, oko kukuthi, umbutho yenzululwazi yabasebenzi. Bona abagqibeleleyo kakhulu ngesiphakamiso injineli Japanese Tayiti Ono baziswa ukuba le mveliso Toyota Motor System "5c" emsebenzini. Yintoni na, yaye kutheni le nkqubo Japanese iye zithandwa kangaka?

Inyaniso yokuba isekwe kwi umgaqo elula ifuna akukho kweendleko. Nguye lo - wonke umsebenzi, ukususela ococa kumlawuli, kukuba ukuphakamisa indima yabo ukuhamba komsebenzi ngokubanzi. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni ukuvelisa iingeniso ngokubanzi kunye nokukhula kwengeniso bonke abasebenzi bayo. Ke kaloku ikhuni ukuya ukuqaliswa kwenkqubo, "5c" yathathwa phezulu amashishini ehlabathini lonke, kuquka naseRashiya. Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukweyisela ababengakholwa ukuba isebenza i yaseJapan ukwazi ngokwenene, yaye ngokupheleleyo kuso nasiphi na isigaba umsebenzi.

"5s" inkqubo ekuvelisweni yintoni

International 5s imela amanyathelo ezintlanu ( "Inyathelo" kwinyathelo IsiNgesi). Ezinye iingcali zoqoqosho kunye namagqwetha kwendlela entsha ukusebenza ukucacisa igama iinkolelo ezintlanu Japanese, ukuba ziphumeze gqolo 5 kwinkqubo: seiri, seiton, SEIS, seiketsu kunye sitsuke. Kuba nathi sisondele ngakumbi uqondakale "5c" lweenkobe - amanyathelo ezintlanu ezilandelelanayo ekufuneka ukwenza ukufikelela ukuphumelela imveliso yawo. Zezi:

1. Uhlobo.

2. Ukuthobela umyalelo.

3. Contents uhlambulukile.

4. Standardization.

5. Improvement.

Njengoko ubona, akukho nto inkqubo engaqhelekanga "5" kwi imveliso kufuna. Mhlawumbi loo nto kunokwenzeka ukuba ukudibana de seyenze kunye nesimo nje.

Amanyathelo ngokudala inkqubo

Wise Japanese Tayiti Ono, owathi, ngenxa ekuqalisweni efektri kwimveliso "Toyota" ubuchule babo, wakwazi ukuba yakhuthaza kamva ukusuka injineli ukuya kumlawuli jikelele, wachaza indlela phi na ilahleko kungenxa ezahlukeneyo izinto ezingangqinelaniyo kunye seqela. Umzekelo, kwi yokuthutha ayihlangulwa ngexesha naziphi ngezikhonkwane ezincinane, yaye ngenxa yoko yawela yonke imveliso. Okanye ngolunye uhlobo, iinkcukacha efayilwe isitokhwe eso, baba ngokungeyomfuneko, yaye ngenxa yokuba umntu ukusuka abasebenzi kwafuneka ukuba nabo emva yokugcina, uze emva koko bachithe umsebenzi wabo ixesha engenanto. Tayiti Ono yaqulunqa ingqiqo, koko wathi, "kanye ngexesha". Okt kwi yokuthutha ngoku kuza kangangoko iinkcukacha udinga.

Kukho nezinye imizekelo. "5s" inkqubo kwi kwimveliso kwakhona uquka ingqikelelo "kanban, 'nto leyo ithetha Japanese" uphawu lwentengiso ". Tayiti Ono wacela ukuba zonke iinkcukacha yesixhobo nganye okanye abambelele-kuthiwa tag "kanban," zona zashunyayelwayo kwindalo yonke ingcaciso eyimfuneko malunga iinxalenye okanye izixhobo. Enyanisweni, nakangangokuba unakho ukwenza nantoni na. Umzekelo, impahla, amayeza, nencwadi eneenkcukacha kwi ofisi. Ingcamango wesithathu, olusekelwe phezu kwenkqubo "5c" emsebenzini, waye ingcamango "kaizen," ethetha ukuphucuka okuqhubekayo. Siye up nezinye iikhonsepthi ukuya iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo kakhulu kwimveliso kuphela weza. Kweli nqaku, asiyi kuqwalasela thina. Ngenxa yoko, zonke ezintsha avavanywa practice yaye ayila amanyathelo 5 esetyenziswa nayiphi na imveliso. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

yokuhluza

Uninzi lwethu kwi desktops ukuqokelela izinto, umgaqo, akukho mfuneko. Umzekelo, iintlobo ezindala na iifayile, iidrafti izibalo, ilaphu, wema apho ikomityi yekofu esetyenzisiweyo. Phakathi le isiphithiphithi inokuba iifayili kuyimfuneko okanye amaxwebhu. Imigaqo ephambili "5" inkqubo lwenzelwe nokwandisa ukuhamba, kufuneka wenze ukuze ukuchitha ixesha ukufuna izinto ezifanelekileyo phakathi imiqobo engeyomfuneko. Lo uhlobo. Oko kukuthi, emsebenzini (kufutshane umatshini phezu kwetafile kwi studio - naphi) zonke izinto kwandiswa zibe ziimfumba ezimbini - izinto eziyimfuneko kunye ngokungeyomfuneko, nto leyo kuyimfuneko ukuba balahle. Ngaphezu koko, bonke ekunene ibolile kule mfumba olandelayo: "lisetyenziswa rhoqo nangokufanayo," "lisetyenziswa kunqabile", "oko alufane lusetyenziswe." Kule uhlelwe ugqityiwe.

ukugcinwa oda

Ukuba nje wenze izinto, akukho lutho. Kufuneka ezi zinto (izixhobo, amaxwebhu) lizakwandiswa kwisigaba ngendlela eya kusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekekayo yaye wayesoloko engqondweni okanye ukuze ube ngokukhawuleza nangokulula efakwa umva. Into esetyenziswa kunqabile, zingathunyelwa naphi na kwi bhokisi, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba athimbe ileyibhile "kanban", kangangokuba emva kwexesha ingakhuphela ngokulula nangokuchanekileyo wowufumana. Njengoko ubona, "5" inkqubo emsebenzini iqala ngala manyathelo asisiseko, kodwa enyanisweni ngayo ujika ube yimpumelelo kakhulu. Kwaye ngaphandle, iphucula imo nomnqweno ukusebenza.

Contents ezihlambulukileyo

Eli nyathelo yesithathu kukuba abaninzi kakhulu enengqondo. Qwalasela ucoceko sifundiswa ukususela ebuntwaneni. Xa lemveliso kuyimfuneko, kwaye, kufuneka icace kungekuphela njengabasebenzi-ofisi okanye nekhabhathi ngazo kumaziko ukutya, kodwa oomatshini, izicoci igumbi eluncedo. EJapan, abasebenzi ezinxulumene ngenyameko imisebenzi yabo, izihlandlo ezithathu mhla ayavunwa - kusasa phambi komsebenzi, ngexesha lesidlo sasemini kunye ngokuhlwa, ekupheleni kosuku ephithizelayo. Ngaphezu koko, baye baziswa amashishini iindawo lokumakishela ezikhethekileyo bahloniphe imveliso yonke i-odolo, iindawo oko kukuthi, imibala eyahlukileyo ziphawulwe kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo, ukugcinwa iinxalenye ezithile, njalo njalo.

komgangatho

imigaqo komgangatho ceba kodwa Tayiti Ono. ukusetyenziswa ebanzi inkqubo mihla 5. ulawulo lwemveliso, ngenxa umgangatho uyalinandipha isixhobo olukhulu lonke ulawulo nkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, ngokukhawuleza aphelise oonobangela emva ishedyuli neempazamo ezifanelekileyo ezikhokelela ekubeni imveliso iimveliso amahlwempu-esemgangathweni. E Toyota Motor sisityalo emgangathweni wakhangela ngolu hlobo: abanikazi izicwangciso zomsebenzi wemihla ngemihla emsebenzini hung imiyalelo ngqo ekupheleni ukusebenza abasebenzi abakhethekileyo ubomi ukujonga ukuba luluphi imini kwakukho ukutenxa kwesi sicwangciso yaye kutheni. Oku kulawula esisiseko emgangathweni, oko kukuthi imiyalelo ngqo, izicwangciso zomsebenzi kunye nokubeka iliso ekuphunyezweni kwazo. Ngoku amashishini ezininzi, ezifana mveliso ENSTO e Estonia, abasebenzi liqalise inkqubo ibhonasi ukulandela ngokungqongqo izibonelelo zale nkqubo, "5c" kwaye kulo njengesiseko ukuphucula intsebenzo yabo, nto ke leyo inkuthazo enkulu ukuze amkele le nkqubo njengendlela yobomi.

ukuphelela

Inyathelo lesihlanu, leyo igqibezela inkqubo "5" emsebenzini, ngokusekelwe ingqiqo Kaizen. Oku kuthetha ukuba bonke abaqeshwa, kungakhathaliseki isigxina, kumele ukuba uzame ukuphucula inkqubo esebenza ngayo zabo labelwa. Ndandisithi zeentanda-kaizen kukuba ubomi bethu bonke iba ngcono yonke imihla, yaye esibondeni umsebenzi - ukuba yinxalenye yobomi, naye akufanele ukuhlala kude uphuculo.

Field yomsebenzi apha ngokubanzi, ngenxa imiqathango obufezekileyo ayikho. Ngokutsho iingqiqo zabasebenzi Japanese ngokwabo ukuba bafuna ukuphucula inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa, ngaphandle isikhokelo compulsions. Ngoku imibutho emininzi ukwenza iqela labasebenzi abenza ukuthatha unonophelo umgangatho weemveliso, ukuqeqesha amava yayo ezintle kwabanye, inceda ukugqibelela.

iimpazamo ezingundoqo

Ukuze le nkqubo "5c" waqalisa ukusebenza, akwanelanga ukuba aququzelele okanye ukuthatha umsebenzi abasebenzi, nto leyo eya ukunyanzela oogxa babo ukuliphumeza. Kubalulekile ukuba abantu baqonde ukubaluleka kwale ezintsha zaze zamkelwa njengento yokuphila. Ukuphunyezwa "5" inkqubo ekuveliseni eRashiya lijongene nobunzima kanye ngenxa yokuba sengqondo yethu Russian yahlukile kule yaseJapan. Kuba uninzi lwamashishini zethu luphawulwa zilandelayo:

1. abaqeshwa, ingakumbi xa kungekho inkuthazo yenkuthazo, musa ukufuna ukwandisa iinzuzo lweshishini. Babuza, kutheni zama ukwenza abaziintloko baceba ukuba ngoko yonke into apho.

2. Iintloko ngokwabo awunamdla ekuphumezeni "5" inkqubo, ngenxa yokuba izikhohlakali zingamoyiki kubona oko njengoko kufanelekile.

3. ezininzi myalelo, "top-phantsi", asetyenziselwa ukwenza i "bonisa" kuphela. EJapan, kukho isimo sengqondo eyahlukileyo kakhulu umsebenzi wabo. Umzekelo, ngokufanayo Tayiti Ono, ukungenisa kwenkqubo "5c", ayizange ecinga inzuzo kunye kuxhamle iNkampani, apho nje engineer.

4. amashishini ezininzi uqalise ngenkani "5" system. imveliso Idla, okuthetha ukuphelisa inkcitho zonke iintlobo (iiyure zomsebenzi, izinto, abasebenzi elungileyo, inkuthazo kunye nezinye izinto) ngexesha elifanayo ayikasebenzi, njengoko abasebenzi baqala ukuxhathisa kuva ezintsha, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kunciphisa yonke imizamo zero.

5. Iinkokeli ziyayiphumeza inkqubo, musa ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo umongo wayo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kukho ukusilela kwiinkqubo imveliso esekwe kakuhle.

6. yokubekwa mgangathweni mnye kweelwimi ngokufuthi ikhula ibe bureaucracy, into elungileyo irhweba imiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo, leyo ukuvimba kuphela umsebenzi.

reviews

I baseRashiya, abaye liqalise inkqubo ye "5c" emsebenzini, lo ezintsha na izigxeko oluxubeneyo kakhulu washiya. pluses yagubha:

• amcele ukuba emisebenzini;
• musa aphum umsebenzi izinto ezingeyomfuneko;
• ngokucacileyo ngakumbi ukuhamba;
• kunciphise nokudinwa ekupheleni kolo suku;
• umvuzo landa kancinane ngenxa yokwanda kwemveliso yabasebenzi;
• zehla emsebenzini.

bendlela yagubha:

• ukuhlela, kunyanzeleke ukuba ulahle kude yonke;
• komgangatho kubangele ukwanda sama;
• Ukuqaliswa "5" inkqubo ayikho kuzo zonke iindawo benkampani wawuhlanganisa ingxaki;
• inkqubo yemveliso kwindawo yokuqala, "5c" zayisithelisa imiba ebalulekileyo efana nokungabikho abaza kuzisebenzisa.