IJardin Garden yaseShayina: Inkcazo, iiNkcubeko kunye neziMpawu

Xa abantu baseYurophu beva kuqala bebona iintsimi zaseShayina kunye neepaki, babemangaliswa yintliziyo yabo. I-Art of Landscape Art yoBukhosi baseCelestial ayiqhelekanga kwaye ayifani nantoni na esiyisebenzisayo. Akukho zitshitshi ezinqamlekileyo apha, njengesiko kwindlela yesiNgesi, akukho buqili obumgangatho oqhelekileyo kwimigaqo yolawulo lwe-flowerbeds ephukile eFransi, njl. E-China, ixabiso eliphezulu liyimvelo ngokwayo. Ngoko ke, apha, kwintsimi yecandelo elincinci, bazama ukuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokubonakaliswa okuhambelana kakhulu.

Ekuqaleni intsimi yaseTshayina - kungekhona izityalo kuphela, kodwa nayo imilambo, iintaba, amachibi, nangona ziphinda ziphinda zihlaziywe. Oku akubalulekanga nakanjani. Into eyona nto kukuba i-design design landscape inceda abantu baqonde kwaye bazive ukuvisisana phakathi kwendalo kunye nabo.

Imbali yendalo

Igadi yaseTshayina yamandulo ayinayo kuphela inkcubeko eneenkcubeko ezidala, kodwa nayo iyingqayizivele. Kukho iminyaka engaphezu kwamahlanu. Eyenziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo zasendulo zaseTshayina zazibhekwa njengeyona nto ibonakalayo phakathi kweeprogram ezintathu ezikhoyo zeepaki ezakhiweyo kwihlabathi. Zinto ezifanayo namhlanje.

Imbali yegadi yaseTshayina ibuyele kwi-Shang kunye neZhou dynasties. Emva koko babizwa ngokuthi "yu", oko kwakuthetha "umntu osondele kumhlaba". Yayiyindawo enhle ejoliswe ekunxibelelweni nakwiimidlalo. Ngethuba likaHan Dynasty, intsimi yaseTshayina yakhiwa njenge-villa kwaye yabizwa ngokuba yi "yuan". Apha abalawuli babenokuphumla baze baxoxe ngemicimbi yelizwe.

Ingcamango eyintloko yokuba ingadi yaseYinina imele, intsimi "kukudalwa kwehlabathi lezendalo" kwincinane. Xa kudalwe, indawo yezemvelo nayo yonke impawu yendawo yendawo isetyenziswa ngokusisigxina. Le ndlela ingaqhubeka ibonwa namhlanje kwiipaki ezininzi zesizwe, ingakumbi xa kuziwa kwimigodi yase-Chinese.

Iintlobo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zegadi kwi style Chinese. Okokuqala, ezi ziindawo zokupaka iimpepha ezisemntla yelizwe. Uninzi lwazo kwiidolophu ezinkulu. Kukho iingqungquthela kwimangcwaba, emathempelini, kwindlu, njl njl. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo zeentsimi zaseTshayina namhlanje ziyancitshiswa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: i-imperial kunye nobucala.

Inkcazelo

Esinye sezikhokelo ezisemgangathweni zobugcisa bobugcisa bobukhosi beCelestial kukudalwa kweendawo ezincinci kwiindawo ezincinci zomhlaba. Insimu yaseShayina yendabuko inokukwazi ukufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zakhiwo, ezifana nezibridge, i-gazebos okanye i-pavilions. Kufuneka ukuba neendawo zokugcina amanzi. Unokukwazi ukudibana namadwala kunye neendawo. Ukufumana i-aesthetics eqhelekileyo kwintlobo engabonakaliyo yemithi, izihlahla ezichuma kakuhle, zityalwe zombini kunye namaqela amancinci, zongezwa.

Olunye ulwalathiso luyilwe yendawo yokuhlala kwintsimi enkulu enokufakela kuyo yamanzi amakhulu kunye neifom ezinkulu zokunceda. Uninzi lwamaxesha amaninzi - uhlobo olwenziwa ngumntu: amatye, iintaba, iimvula zamanzi. Kubalulekile ukuba neqela elikhulu lezityalo ezingahlukaniswa ngendlela, kunye "nemilambo" okanye "imilambo". Izityalo eziqhelekileyo zisetyenzisiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, imithi efana ne-almonds, iipulas, i-cherries, i-plums, i-peaches, kunye nemithi okanye izityalo ezinobuncwane zingabakho apha: i-tulips, i-peonies, i-roses, i-tangents, i-lilacs, i-larchstrings kunye nabanye abameli abahlekayo behlabathi.

Izixhobo

Umyezo omncinci kwisitayela saseTshayina ungadalwa ngisho nakwizindlu zelizwe kunye nobukhulu beemitha ezili-6 000, kanti abanikazi beendawo ezithandekayo zomhlaba kufuneka bakhethe isiqulatho sesibini sokuyila. Injongo ephambili yokuyila ipaki kuBukumkani boMbindi kukuba iindwendwe zivakalelwa uxolo, uxolo kunye nobunye kunye nemvelo.

Enye into ebonisa ukuba ngumyezo waseShayina wendabuko, kukudala "ukungapheli", ukuze umntu ahambe kunye nayo evela kuyo yonke indawo entsha wabona ngaphezulu komfanekiso omnye, kunye neendawo ezilandelanayo. Kule meko, iziganeko zobume kufuneka zibe ngokuvisisana ngokupheleleyo. Akukho nto ifanele ibe yinto eqaqambileyo kwaye ifumaneke, okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ibonakala ingenakuqonda.

Ubume bemvelo

Igadi yaseTshayina imele iphosakele ukuba ikhangele imvelo. Kusuka kumyili wezinto ezifunekayo ukudala ingqiqo yokuba yonke into ejikelezile yenziwa ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwabantu. Njengoko imvelo ngokwayo iye yakha imithi, amatye, amachibi abe yimifanekiso engaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, bambalwa bayazi ukuba izinto ezinjengezinye izinto ezibonakala zingakhathali zicetyiswa kakhulu ukuba zimemezele ukucamngca nokucamngca.

Umgaqo wokuboleka kwimihlaba

Ngokomthetho we-art landscape art, igadi yaseTshayina iphukile ngendlela enye enye ingqinamba evula emva kwesinye i-panorama. Inkqubo enjalo ekwakhiweni kuthiwa "umgaqo wokuboleka imihlaba", apho ungabonisa khona imida yomhlaba. Imfihlelo yokuqonda le nto ibonakala ilula: imbonakalo emininzi yenziwe, emva koko izibhanji zokuhlobisa kunye neendlela ezidibanisa ama-panorama kunye nomnye.

Symbolism

Ingadi yaseTshayina ayikho enye yezinto ezihlukahlukeneyo zokuyila kwe-landscape, kodwa kunye nokubonakaliswa komphefumlo womnini wayo. Emva koko, yakhiwe ngokwemigaqo ye-feng shui, apho yonke into ilawulwa ngokuvisisana nehlabathi elijikelezile. Ngokwale mfundiso, indawo ejikeleze umntu kufuneka iqulethe izinto ezifuzisela iindawo zendalo yonke. Ngako oko, izixhobo zegadi yaseTshayina - iimpawu ze "yin" kunye ne "yang" - zimela ubunye bezinto ezichaseneyo. Zidibaniswe kwiiPalesi zaseCelestial ngendlela enokuthi iqinisekise "qi" - amandla anika ubomi-ukuhamba ngokukhululekile kwindawo. Ukongezelela, ezininzi izinto zifanekisela izimo zobomi ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, ipakeji ithetha ukuhlala kakuhle, ubutyebi be-peony, njl njl.

Amanzi

KuBukumkani boMbindi ngamaxesha onke, imvelo ithathwa kakhulu. Emva kwakho konke, bekukholelwa ukuba kuye kuye kwaye kuxhomekeke kwimincili nosizi. Kwigadi yaseTshayina, kusetyenziswe amacandelo amiselweyo amaninzi. Omnye wabo ngamanzi. Oko, ngokucwangcisa isikhala esifanayo, ukwahlula intsimi kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ibhondi kunye nomhlaba ogqithiseleyo ngumqondiso wokuthula noxolo, umlambo ovela emthonjeni, imifula okanye impompo - intshukumo engunaphakade. Naliphi na igumbi legadi yaseTshayina akumele libe neyunithi yokubumba okanye ibhanki ephezulu. Iiplanvili kunye neenqwelo ezinokuthi zibekwe ezi ziqithi zihlala kwindawo ephakamileyo ngaphezu kwamanzi. Oku kuyimfuneko ukudala ingcamango yokuba ezi zakhiwo "zakhula" ukusuka emanzini.

Amatye

Ziyintloko yamagada aseShayina. Amatye alinganisa izakhiwo ezidalwe ngumntu, kunye nemvelo yendalo. Ukwenza umphumo ofanayo, iilayidi ezilula zamatye zihlala zicwangciswe apho kungekho zityalo ezityalwe khona. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwisiko lesiTshayina, amatye aphathwa ngokuxhalabisa - ayanconywa, aphulaphulwa.

Iintyatyambo

Izityalo ezinjalo zegadi yaseTshayina, njengombandela, zimbalwa. Kodwa nganye yazo inentsingiselo yayo ekhethekileyo. Eyona nto imfanelekileyo kunqulo yayiyi-peony efana nomthi, ebizwa ngokuthi "ukumkani weentyatyambo". Ngokuqhelekileyo kwintsimi kukho i-lotus, iirase, i-chrysanthemums, i-daffodils. Inye nganye yeentyatyambo ezintle zixutywa ngesityalo esilula, "i-rank" isezantsi. Ngokomzekelo, i-peony, ama-satellites amahle aphezulu okanye i-dog rose, i-chrysanthemum "i-shaded" yi-begonia. Oku kwenzekayo kunye nemithi. Ngokomzekelo, iplamu ityalwe kufuphi ne-magnolia okanye i-camellia.

Imithi

Inhlonipho ekhethekileyo kwimiyezo yaseTshayina isetyenziswe yimithi emikhulu nemidala ekhulayo kwisayithi iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. Phantse njalo kukho ipayili ebonakalisa ubukhosi. Akuqhelekanga kwi-peach okanye ipum. Ukongezwa okumangalisayo kumbumba obalaseleyo wabakhi belizwe bayakholelwa ukuba i-bamboo. Yena eMpuma kukubonakalisa ubunzima nobungqina. Eminye, ayithandi kakhulu imithi yaseTshayina, i-magnolia, i-willow kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, i-sakura.

Izakhiwo

Iiglasi zoBukumkani baseZulwini azikwazi ukucingelwa ngaphandle kwezakhiwo ezenziwe ngabantu. Ezi zenziwe ngendlela ye-gazebos yesiko lase-oriental, imimandla, izindlu zeti. Zibekwe kwintsimi ukuze umntu, ephakathi kwabo, abe neli thuba, ngelixa ecinga ngendawo yonke, ukuba ahloniphe ngokuvisisana.