Iipilveshi zentliziyo: inkcazelo, isakhiwo, umsebenzi kunye neziphene

Iipilveshi zentliziyo ziyingxenye yamalungu entliziyo yomntu. Ukulungisa umsebenzi wabo awuboneleli kuphela ukusebenza komzimba we-cardiovascular system, kodwa umzimba wonke uwonke. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zininzi zintliziyo Umntu indlela asebenza ngayo, indlela yokujonga iimpawu zesifo se-valve.

Intliziyo yoMntu

Intliziyo yomntu iyisisu esingenangqondo. Yenziwe ngamagumbi amane: i-atrium yokunene neyekhohlo, i-ventricle efanelekileyo neyikhohlo. I-Atria kunye nama-ventricle adibanisa iiplavvu valves. Iintliziyo zenzeke ngesigqirha, kwaye igazi linikwe isahlulo ngxenye ukusuka kwi-atria ukuya kuma-ventricles. Iipilunar ze-Semilunar zidibanisa ama-ventricle ngeemithwalo yegazi, apho igazi likhupha ngaphandle kwentliziyo kwi-aorta kunye ne-pulmary artery.

Ngaloo ndlela, ngamagumbi aphezulu kukho igazi elinomxholo ophezulu we-carbon dioxide kwaye ungena kwimiphunga yokucebisa nge-oxygen. Kwaye emiphakeni, igazi liphuma ngecala lasekhohlo lentliziyo emva kwegazi. Ukubonelela ngegazi rhoqo kwiimpahla ngumsebenzi oyintloko intliziyo eyenzayo.

Valves Heart

Izixhobo ze-Valve ziyimfuneko kwinkqubo yokupompa igazi. Iipilveshi zentliziyo zinika ukuhamba kwegazi ngendlela efanelekileyo kunye nexabiso elifanelekileyo. Ii-Valves ziyi-folds zegobolondo langaphakathi le-muscle. Le yimiqobo "engcango" evumela ukuba igazi lijikeleze kwelinye icala kwaye likhusele ukuhamba kwalo. Izivalo zivuleka ngexesha lokuqhekeka kwesigxina senhliziyo. Ngokupheleleyo, kukho iinevini ezine entliziyweni yomntu: iimbini zepinivini kunye nezibini ezimbini zeemilunar:

1. Vivalve valral valve.
2. I-tricuspid tricuspid valve.
3. Ivavani yemizuzu yesigxina se-pulmonary trunk. Elinye igama li-pulmonary.
4. I-ailtic valve okanye i-valor valve.

Iintsimbi zentliziyo zivule kwaye zivale ngokwemigaqo yokulandelelana kwe-atria kunye nama-ventricles. Ukususela kumsebenzi wabo ochanekileyo kuxhomekeke ekuhambeni kwegazi kweempahla, ngoko ke, ukuzaliswa kwe-oksijini yazo zonke iiseli zomzimba womntu.

Imisebenzi yeValve

Igazi, eligeleza kwiinqanawa entliziyweni, liqokelela kwi-atrium efanelekileyo. клапан. Ukuqhubela phambili kokulibazisa i-valve ye - tricuspid . Xa ivula, igazi lingena kwi-ventricle efanelekileyo, apho ichithwa khona nge-valve ye-pulmonary.

Emva koko igazi liphuma kwimiphunga ukuze lizalise i-oxygen, kwaye ukusuka apho lithunyelwa kwi-atrium ekhohlo nge-valve ye-aortic. Inhliziyo mitral valve idibanisa amagumbi asekhohlo kwaye ibambe ukuhamba kwegazi phakathi kwabo, ukuvumela igazi ukuba liqokelele. Emva kokuba igazi lingene kwi-ventricle engasekhohlo kwaye liqokelele kwisixa esifanelekileyo, igazi liqhutyelwa kwi-aorta nge-valve ye-aortic. Ukususela kwi-aorta, igazi elihlaziyiweyo liyaqhubeka lihamba kunye neenqwelo, kuphucula umzimba nge-oxygen.

I-pathology yeentliziyo zevilves

Umsebenzi wee valves ukulawula ukuhamba kwegazi ehamba ngentliziyo yomntu. Ukuba isigqi sokuvulwa nokuvala i-valve zixhobo ziphulwa, iipilveshi zentliziyo zivalekile okanye zivulekile ngokupheleleyo, oku kungabangela izifo ezininzi ezinzulu. Kuphawulwe ukuba i-mitral ne- aortic valve zidla ngokuchaphazelekayo .

Iintsilelo zeentliziyo zidla ngokuqhelekileyo kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engamashumi mathandathu. Ukongezelela, izifo zentliziyo ye-valves zingabangela iingxaki ezinxamnye nezifo ezithintekayo. Abantwana nabo banokufumana izifo zezixhobo zeseva. Njengomthetho, ezi ziintlungu zomntwana.

Izifo eziqhelekileyo zintliziyo yokuhluleka kunye ne-stenosis. Ngenxa yokungakwazi, i-valve ivala ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inxalenye yegazi ibuyela. I-Stenosis ibizwa ngokuba kukunciphisa i-valve, oko kukuthi, i-valve ayivuli ngokupheleleyo. Ngaloo ntsholongwane, iimeko zentliziyo zihlala zikhulula, njengoko kunzima ukunyusa igazi.

Valve prolapse

I-prolapse ye-valve senhliziyo yinto eqhelekileyo ukuxilongwa ukuba ugqirha useka xa isigulane sikhala ngesifo senhliziyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo le nkqubela ichaphazeleka yi-mitral valve yentliziyo. I-Prolapse ivela kwisiphene kwiisiski ezidibeneyo ezenza i-valve. Ngenxa yeziphoso ezinjalo, i-valve ayigcinanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye igazi liphuma ngaphesheya.

I-valve eprayimari neyesekondari iyahlukana. I-prolapse ephambili ibhekisela kwizifo ezizalwe ngumzimba, xa iziphene zesisombululo ezixhamlayo ziyimvelo. I-prolapse yesibili ivela ngenxa yexinzelelo kwi-esifubeni, i-rheumatism okanye i-myocardial infarction.

Njengomthetho, i-prolapse ye-valves ayinayo imiphumo emibi kwimpilo yabantu kwaye iphathwa ngokulula. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko iingxaki ezinjenge-arrhythmia (ukuphulwa kwesigqithiso sezithintelo zentliziyo ye-muscle), ukungakwazi ukusebenza kunye nabanye kungenzeka. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka unyango olusetyenziswa ngonyango okanye unyango.

Ukungenakuthola kunye ne-stenosis yeefowuni ze-valve

Isizathu esibangeleyo sokungafezeki kunye nesitoli sisifo se-rheumatic endocarditis. I-betta-hemolytic streptococcus yimbangela yenkqubo yokuvuvukala kwi-rheumatism, ukufikelela entliziyweni, ukuguqula isakhiwo sayo semvelo. Ngenxa yolu tshintsho, iipilves zentliziyo ziqala ukusebenza ngokuhlukileyo. Iindonga zeavalves ziba mfutshane, ezibangela ukuhluleka, okanye ukuvula i-valve (stenosis).

Ngenxa ye-rheumatism, i-valral mitral insufficiency ngokuvamile ivela kubantu abadala. I-aortic okanye i-mitral intliziyo yevolve ebantwaneni iyakwazi ukuxhatshazwa ngesifo se-rheumatism.

Kukho into enjengokuthi "ukungakwazi ukuzalana". Ukukhubazeka okunjalo kwenzeka ukuba isakhiwo se-valve asiguqukanga, kodwa umsebenzi walo uphulwa, oko kukuthi, igazi liphuma ngokuphuma. Oku kungenxa yokuphulwa kwekhono lokwenza intliziyo, ukukhulisa isigxina segumbi le-cardiac njalonjalo. Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo kwenziwe njengengxaki kwi-myocardial infarction, cardiosclerosis, kunye neengqondo zomzimba.

Ukungabikho kwonyango olulungele ukungazinzi kunye ne-stenosis kunokukhokelela ekungeneni kwegazi, ukungena kwegazi ngaphakathi, kunye negazi le-hypertension.

Izibonakaliso zesifo se-valve

Isibonakaliso sesifo senhliziyo ngokuthe ngqo sixhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nobukhulu besifo. Njengoko i-pathology ikhula, umthwalo kwi-heart muscle ukhula. Ngelixa intliziyo ibhekene nalo mthwalo, lesi sifo siya kuba sisimangalo. Imiqondiso yokuqala yesifo ingaba:

• Ukuphefumula;
• Ukungaphumeleli kwenani lentliziyo;
• Rhoqo i-bronchitis;
• Ubuhlungu kwisifuba.

Ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo kuboniswa ngokungabikho komoya kunye nesisu. Isigulane sibhekene nobuthathaka kunye nokukhathala. I- pulral valve prolapse ebangelwa yintsholongwane kubonakalisa abantwana ubuhlungu besifo se-sternum ngexesha lokuxinezeleka okanye ukunyamezela. I-prolapse efunyenweyo ihamba kunye neepilpitations, isiyezi, i-dyspnea, ubuthathaka.

Ezi zimpawu zingabonisa kwakhona i-dystonia ye-vegetative-vascular, aneurysm, i-aortic aneurysm, i-blood pressure ne-other pathologies yenhliziyo. Ngokumalunga nalokhu, kubalulekile ukuseka ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo, okuya kubonisa ukuba ukuhluleka komsebenzi kunikezelwa yi-valve yenhliziyo. Ukunyangwa kwesi sifo kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi-diagnosis.

Ukuchongwa kwezifo

Xa iimpawu zokuqala zesiphene senhliziyo ivela, qhagamshelana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukufunyanwa kuqhutyelwa ngugqirha-ugqirha, ukugqalwa kokugqibela kunye nokutyunjwa kwonyango kuthathwa ngumcebisi osincinci - isifo se-cardiologist. Umgqirha uphulaphula umsebenzi wentliziyo ukufumana umsindo, ufunde imbali yonyango. Olunye uviwo luqhutyelwa ngumzimba we-cardiologist.

Ukuxilongwa kweentsilelo zeentliziyo zenziwa ngeendlela zokwenza uphando. I-echocardiogram yintloko yophando oluchaza izifo ze-valve. Ikuvumela ukuba ulinganise ubungakanani benhliziyo kunye namasebe ayo, ukuchonga ukuphulwa kwintsebenzo yeviniki. I-electrocardiogram ibhala isantya senhliziyo, ityhila i-arrhythmia, ischemia, i-hypertrophy yenhliziyo. I-X-ray yentliziyo ibonisa utshintsho kumgca we-heart muscle kunye nobukhulu bayo. I-Catheterization ibalulekile ekuhloleni iziphene ze-valve. I-catheter ifakwe kwi-vein kwaye ikhuthazwa ngentliziyo, apho ilinganisa khona uxinzelelo.

Unokwenzeka unyango

Indlela yokwelapha inkunkuma iquka ukuqeshwa kwamachiza okujoliswe ekukhutsheni iimpawu nokuphucula umsebenzi wentliziyo. Ingenelelo yokuphanda ijoliswe ekutshintsheni umlo wevenge okanye ukuyibeka endaweni. Ukusebenza ukulungisa ifom, njengomthetho, izigulane zihlupheke ngakumbi kunokuba umsebenzi wokutshintshwa. Ukongezelela, emva kokutshintshwa kwintsimbi ye-valve, isigulane simiselwe ama-anticoagulants, okuya ku funeka sisetyenziswe kulo lonke ubomi.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-defve defect ayikwazi ukulungiswa, kuyimfuneko ukuyifaka. I-valve yenhliziyo okanye i-biological is valve isetyenziswe njenge-prosthesis. Ixabiso leprothesis lixhomekeka kakhulu kwilizwe lomenzi. Iifrhesesi zaseRashiya zithengwa kakhulu kunezinye izizwe.

Izinto ezininzi zichaphazela ukukhethwa kohlobo lweviniki yokufakelwa. Le yimiba yesigulane, ubukho bezinye izifo zesimo senhliziyo, kunye nesiphi na isavenge esiza kutshintshwa.

Izimpembelelo zamatshini zihlala ixesha elide, kodwa zidinga ii- coagulants for life . Oku kubangela ubunzima ekufakekeni kwabasetyhini abaselula abaceba ukuzala abantwana kwixesha elizayo, ekubeni ukuthatha izidakamizwa kukuchasana ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwimeko ye-tricuspid valve substlacement, ukufakelwa kwe-biological kufakwe, okubangelwa kwindawo ye-valve kwi-system flow flow. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba akukho nanye ukuphikisana, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufake ifowuni.