Iintsholongwane eziluncedo kwaye iyingozi. Zeziphi gciwane kakhulu yingozi abantu

Igama elithi "bacterium" Abantu abaninzi ukunxulumana into mnandi, kwaye isoyikiso empilweni. Eyona, khumbula iimveliso zobisi. Ngcolile - dysbiosis, isibetho, segazi, kunye nezinye iingxaki. Kunye bacterium yonke, bathi okulungileyo nokubi. Yintoni ukufihla iintsholongwane?

Yini na iintsholongwane

Igciwane in Greek lithetha "wand". Eli gama akuthethi ukuba wayecinga bacterium iyingozi. Eli gama wanikwa kubo ngenxa imilo. Inkoliso yezi seli abangatshatanga khangela ngathi iinkuni. Kwakhona kuza ngohlobo oonxantathu, izikwere, iiseli stellate. Engaphezu kwewaka lezigidi kwiminyaka iintsholongwane musa ukutshintsha inkangeleko, zingatshintshwa ngaphakathi kuphela. Baya kuba eselula ukugogeka. Igciwane ubunjwe iseli enye. Ngaphandle kokuba wambu iqokobhe obhityileyo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukugcina imilo yayo. Ngaphakathi esiseleni, akukho elakha ngokuba yiklorofili. Kukho ribosomes, vacuoles, outgrowths ukuba kukho icytoplasm, protoplasm. yafunyanwa gciwane inkulu ngo-1999. Yayibizwa ngokuba "iperile Grey of Namibia". Inegciwane gciwane kwaye amele into enye, kodwa enemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo.

Man and neentsholongwane

umzimba wethu njalo umzabalazo okwangoku yi bacterium iyingozi kwaye siyingenelo. Ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo, umntu ufumana ukhuseleko ngokuchasene zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Various micro-eziphilayo emhlabeni nathi ngalo lonke ithuba. Aphila kwi impahla, siphaphazela emoyeni, ukuba ukuyo.

Ukubakho iintsholongwane emlonyeni, kwaye malunga namashumi amane amawaka Cya, akhusele iintsini ukusuka ukopha kwizifo periodontal kunye angina. Ukuba umfazi kuphazanyiswa microflora, yena ungaqalisa izifo yamanina. Ukubambelela imithetho ezisisiseko nococeko kuza kukunceda ukuba uphephe nolo silelo.

Imeko ye microflora ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo nezifo zabantu. Kuphela phecana zesisu yi phantse-60% yazo zonke iintsholongwane. Le ezinye ibekwe inkqubo yokuphefumla kunye ngesondo. Le ndoda uhlala malunga ezimbini kuthunyelwa kuzo iintsholongwane.

Ukuvela iintsholongwane emzimbeni

kuzalwa usana amathumbu wawuqalekisa. Emva umoya wayo wokuqala ephilayo ongena ezininzi kuThixo ezincane, ngaphambili akazange eziqhelekileyo. Xa uthimbo usana ubisi lwebele kamama yokuqala udlula ukuba iintsholongwane enenzuzo ukunceda bunjani microflora emathunjini. Hayi ngelize ogqirha bathi unina ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa kosana lwakhe ukuncanca. Kwakhona sinyusa ukwandiswa ukutyiswa elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

iintsholongwane inenzuzo

iintsholongwane nenzuzo zezi: lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, E. coli, streptomitsenty, umngundo mycorrhizal, icyanobacteria.

Bonke Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi babantu. Abanye babo nokuthintela ukuvela zosulelo, ngoxa abanye asetyenziswa ekwenziweni iziyobisi, abanye ukugcina ulungelelwano kwi ecosystem komhlaba wethu.

Types of iintsholongwane eziyingozi

iintsholongwane eziyingozi kungabangela umntu inani lezifo ezinzulu. Umzekelo, isifo somqala omhlophe, anthrax, umqala obuhlungu, isibetho kunye nabanye abaninzi. lula kokuba idluliselwe kumntu osulelekileyo emoyeni, ukutya, ngaphandle kwebala. Nantso iintsholongwane ezimbi, amagama ezidweliswe ngezantsi, yonakalise ukutya. Ukusuka kwawo akukho nevumba elibi, kukho ukubola kunye ukubola, babangela izifo.

Iintsholongwane abe Igram-HIV, negative-Igram, intonga-ezimile.

Amagama iintsholongwane eziyingozi

iintsholongwane eziyingozi inokuba ixesha elide emzimbeni kwaye ukufunxa izondlo kulo. Noko ke, kunokubangela usuleleko.

gciwane kakhulu ayingozi

Enye gciwane kakhulu ukumelana - i methicillin. Waziwa kakhulu phantsi igama "Staphylococcus aureus» (Staphylococcus aureus). Esi silwanyana uyakwazi ndingamkhubekisi omnye, kodwa ke ezininzi izifo ezosulelayo. Ezinye iintlobo zezi amagciwane amelana antibiotics ezinamandla ebulala. Le amagciwane eli gciwane angaphila phecana eliphezulu wokuphefumla, xa amanxeba ezivulekileyo kunye nemijelo wokuchama zonke ummi yesithathu Umhlaba. Ukuze umntu okukwazi enamandla ngaphandle emngciphekweni.

iintsholongwane eziyingozi ebantwini - ibizwa kwakhona amagciwane Salmonella typhi. Bona agents causative le izifo ezihlasela zosulele amathumbu kunye esifo. Ezi ntlobo amagciwane eziyingozi ebantwini, ziyingozi kuba ukuvelisa izinto eziyityhefu iyingozi kakhulu ubomi. Xa phambili kwesifo kwenzeka ukunxila, umkhuhlane omkhulu kakhulu, kwamaqhakuvana emzimbeni, kwandisa isibindi kunye udakada. Le bacterium linamandla kakhulu kwiimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo lwangaphandle. ubomi Ezilungileyo emanzini, phezu imifuno, iziqhamo, ize iphinde izivelise kwakhona kakuhle kwiimveliso ngobisi.

Phakathi gciwane kakhulu ayingozi ukwasebenza igciwane zeClostridium tetan. Ikhupha iyityhefu ebizwa ngokuba "ngqi exotoxin". Abantu abanentsholongwane nale pathogen, iintlungu ezoyikekayo, amahlaba, kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuba afe. Isifo esibizwa ngqi. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba isitofu ukwenziwa ngo-1890, nyaka ngamnye ehlabathini kufa ngayo abantu 60 amawaka ukusuka.

Kwaye enye igciwane lesifo enokukhokelela ngokufa komntu - a tuberculosis Mycobacterium. Yenza TB, nto leyo exhathisayo kumachiza. Xa wenziwa abandulelayo umntu uyafa.

Amanyathelo nokuthintela ukosuleleka

iintsholongwane eziyingozi, angenziwa izihloko bafunda kumagqirha zeekholeji kwiimbombo zonke. Health ngonyaka ekufuneni iindlela ezintsha ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwezifo eziyingozi kubomi babantu. Xa ngokuthotyelwa kwamanyathelo othintelo abayi ukusebenzisa amandla ekufumaneni iindlela ezintsha ukuze kuliwe izifo ezinjalo.

Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ixesha ukuchonga umthombo losulelo, amisele uluhlu zamatyala kunye namaxhoba kunokwenzeka. Ukuba kufuneka ikheswa abo abosulelekileyo kunye ukuze iintsholongwane iziko owosulelekileyo.

Inqanaba lesibini - ukutshatyalaliswa yeendlela apho badluliselwe iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Ukuze wenze oku, yisa ubuxoki ezifanelekileyo phakathi kwabantu.

Thatha ulawulo lwamaziko unikezelo lwamandla, namachibi amanzi, kunye warehouses yokugcina ukutya.

Umntu ngamnye uyakwazi ukumelana iintsholongwane eziyingozi ngandlela zonke tiyisa ngumsebenzi wakho. yokuphila esempilweni, imithetho esisiseko yococeko, uzikhusele ngokwakho xa usabelana ngesondo, ukusetyenziswa abulawe izixhobo zonyango ezilahlwayo kunye nezixhobo, ukuthintelwa epheleleyo yokunxibelelana nabantu abakulo yedwa. Xa lesitofu kummandla kuwela epidemiological okanye kuyimfuneko ukuba zilandele ngqo zonke iimfuno zenkonzo sanitary-epidemiological. A Inani usulelo bayalingana impembelelo yabo izikhali.