Iimpembelelo zomkhuhlane ekukhulelweni kokuqala

Kule phepha, sinikela ukuba sizazi ngesihloko esithi: "Izizathu, unyango, ukukhusela kunye nemiphumo yemfuluva ekukhuleleni ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo."

Enyanisweni, oomama bazayo bathatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela izifo. Kodwa oku akusoloko kwanele. Ukuba ixesha elide lokulinda lomntwana kukho ithuba eliphezulu lokugula. Musa ukwethusa, ukuba unomqala omncinci kunye nomphunga wempumlo, inqabileyo eqhelekileyo ayiyi kubuhlungu umntwana. Okubaluleke nakakhulu kukuthatha isifo esinzulu. Emva kokufunda le nqaku ukuphela, uya kufunda:

• Izimpawu zeFlu;
• Ingozi kumntwana;
• Indlela yokuphathwa ngayo;
• Indlela yokuphepha izifo kunye nokunye okuninzi.

Influenza

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yimpembelelo yintoni, kufuneka ufumane ukuba yeyiphi isifo. Siza kujongana nalo mbuzo kweli candelo.

Abanye bawabiza ngokuphosakeleyo izifo ezimbi (ARVI) igama elithi "umkhuhlane", akuphosakeleyo. Le ndlela yokugqibela ifana nesimo esibi kakhulu, esibangelwa zizifo ngeentsholongwane ze-influenza. Enyanisweni, kukho inani elikhulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kwewaka lamawaka). Inani elikhulu labantu bafa ngonyaka, ngamanye amaxesha isibalo sifinyelela kwisigidi esisodwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, aba bantu baneminyaka engama-65 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu.

Umkhuhlane ungasasazeka kwiifom ezimbini:

• Ubhubhane;
• Ubhubhane.

I-Influenza akufanele idideke kunye nezinye izifo zentsholongwane, ezaziwa ngexesha elingaphaya kwamakhulu amabini, zithwala izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane. Phakathi kwazo, ii-virus eziqhelekileyo zilandelayo:

• Andenoviruses;
• IRhininovirus;
• I-syncytial yokuphefumula njalo njalo.

E-US kukho indawo ekhethekileyo yokulawulwa kwezifo, ibonisa ukuba ngexesha leengcinezelo, ukugonywa kunikezelwa abo basengozini. Kucetyiswa kwakhona ukuba ugonywe bonke abemi kunye nabantwana (ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu). Amaziko ase-United States okuLawulayo kunye nokuVimbela izifo ancomela ukuthatha iziyobisi zonyango, ungaqhagamshelani nezigulane kwaye usebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela.

Inobungozi nemiphumo kumama

Imiphumo yomkhuhlane ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nomama kunye nosana luyahluka. Ngoku siza kuhlalutya umphumo wegciwane lengculaza kumama kunye nomntwana. Imiphumo yengane ixhomeke kakhulu kwixesha lokukhulelwa, ngoko siya kuqhubeka siqwalasela ngokwahlukileyo kwiintathumitha.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-biological ze-influenza? Oku kuquka iinkalo ezilandelayo:

• Ukulimala kwiimbumba ezinobumba;
• I-Airway lining;
• Utyhefu.

Ezi mpawu kwaye zabangela umphumo we-pathogenic we-influenza. Intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni ngephepha lokuphefumula, iqalisa ukubethela iibhokhwe ezisasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba ngegazi. Zangena kwi-placenta, zifakwe kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi lomntwana.

Enye impawu yentsholongwane yinguqulelo rhoqo, yeso sizathu sokungabikho kwe-antigen kubantu. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zegciwane:

• A-ibonakaliswe ngokuhlukahluka;
• B - engaphantsi kwezinto;
• C - akukho tshintsho olufunyenweyo.

Unononophelo kufuneka ube ngaphambi kokubeleka kunye neenyanga zokugqibela zokukhulelwa, kuba ngeli xesha umzimba womfazi usengozini yokusuleleka kwiintsholongwane zentsholongwane. Ngexesha losulelo, imisebenzi elandelayo iphulwa:

• Inkqubo ye-endocrine;
• Inkqubo yomzimba.

Oku kukhokelela ekugqibeleni ngexesha nangemva kokukhulelwa kwezifo ezingapheliyo.

1st trimester

Ngoku siza kuqwalasela umkhuhlane kwizigaba zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Iziphumo, ingozi kunye neminye imiba iya kunikwa kule ngxenye. Umama kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba xa efumana ubuninzi kwaye enentloni, amathuba okusuleleka aphezulu. Nangona ugule, ke umntwana akachaphazelekayo. Amagqirha awayekanga, nangomkhuhlane, agcina umama nomntwana.

Imiphumo yesifo somkhuhlane kwi-trimester yokuqala ibonakala nzima. Yintoni eyenzekayo kwikamva elizayo kwixesha elide ukuya kwiiveki ezili-12? Ngoku kubaluleke kakhulu iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo:

• Inkqubo yenzwa iyakha;
• Izitho zangaphakathi zibekwe.

Ngomkhuhlane ophezulu, kubalulekile ukulwa (indlela yokwenza ngayo - ugqirha uxelela), ukuba awunjalo, umntwana uya ku suleleka, kwaye oku kuya kubakho ukuphuhliswa kweziphumo ezilandelayo:

• Encephalopathy;
• Ukuxhalaba;
• Ukukhubazeka kweCerebral;
• Ukufa.

Kwakhona, ukuba i-placenta yonakaliswe, iyeza liyakwazi ukuhlangabezana nale nto. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zilandelayo ziphumo:

• Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuqala (nangona kunjalo, umntwana uzalelwa ngokufanelekileyo);
• Ukulibaziseka okuphuhlisayo (intrauterine);
• Ukunyuswa kwamanzi.

Amanqaku angama-2 okugqibela asithintela ubunzima bomntwana ekuzalweni (kukho ithuba lokubeletha umntwana onesisindo somzimba esaneleyo).

Wesiqingatha sesi-2

Ngoku siya kuhlolisisa umbuzo wintoni umphumo emva komkhuhlane kwisigxina sesibini sokukhulelwa.

Kukho uluvo lokuba umkhuhlane ungalimaza umntwana kuphela ngexesha lokuqala lokuqala, kodwa akunjalo. Ubungakanani bentsholongwane yomntwana, kodwa sele sele luphantsi kakhulu. Kutheni i- trimester yesibini ingekho yingozi? Into yokuba intsholongwane inzima kakhulu ukunqoba isithintelo (placenta), kodwa ithuba lokungena lisekhona. Ukuba awuphilanga okanye wenze okungahambi kakuhle, imiphumo ingaba yinto enyanyekayo, kuze kube sekupheleni kokukhulelwa. I-placenta eyonakalisiwe kwi-trimester yesibini ingakhokelela kwimiphumo elandelayo:

• Ukukhawuleza ukukhula;
• Ukunyuswa kwamanzi.

Kwimihlathi yokugqibela sele sele ishiwo ukuba oku kungabangela ukuzalwa komntwana ngobuncinane bomzimba.

Yesithathu yesithathu

Kule ngxenye kwinqaku unokufumana ukuba yintoni imiphumo yomkhuhlane ekukhulelweni kwi-trimester yesithathu. Kwisilumkiso kwathethwa ukuba kwiinyanga zokugqibela zokukhulelwa umzimba wesetyhini unentsholongwane kwiintsholongwane, ngeli xesha kudingeke ukuba uqaphele kakhulu. Kwakhona kwi-trimester yesithathu, musa ukuvila, ukukhusela umkhuhlane (oko kuthetha ukuba unokufumana phantsi).

Iimpembelelo zomkhuhlane zinoku:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwesimo senhliziyo;
• Ukuthunyelwa kwangaphambili;
• Ukugqithisa kwezifo ezingapheliyo zikamama;
• Ukunciphisa ngokubanzi ukukhuseleka kwezifo kunye nokunye.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba umkhuhlane weengulube unobungozi kakhulu kwi-trimester yesithathu. Isasazeka ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni womama ozayo kwaye ingabangela ukufa komntwana. Ukuthintela oku, kubalulekile ukuqala unyango emva kokubonakala kwempawu zokuqala. Ba no:

• Ukushisa okuphezulu;
• Isiqhamo;
• Intloko;
• Ukuvutha;
• Uhudo.

Qiniseka ukubiza udokotela ukuba anike unyango.

Iziphumo

Kule mhlathi, siyancoma ukuba sibambe zonke izinto ezashiwo ngaphambili. Imiphumo ye-influenza yomama nomntwana ingahluka kakhulu. Kwiimpawu zokuqala kuyimfuneko ukudibana nogqirha unyango. Kuba umama, imiphumo ye-influenza ingaba ngolu hlobo:

• Ukukhutshwa komzimba;
• Ukuthunyelwa kwangaphambili;
• Ukunyanzeliswa kwezifo ezingapheliyo njalo njalo.

Ngomntwana, iziphumo (kuxhomekeke kwithuba) zilandelayo:

• Encephalopathy;
• Ukuxhalaba;
• Ukukhubazeka kweCerebral;
• Ukufa;
• Ukukhawuleza ukukhula;
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesimo senhliziyo;
• Ngokubanzi ukunciphisa ukungabikho kwezifo kunye nokunye.

Diagnostics

I-Influenza ngexesha lokukhulelwa linemiphumo emibi, kufuneka uqale unyango ngexesha lokukhusela iingxaki, gcina ubomi bomntwana.

Yintoni eyingozi kwesi sifo? Ayithwali nayiphi na into ekhethekileyo. Umkhuhlane ubonakala ngendlela efanayo ne-ARVI, kuphela emva kokuba iingxaki zokuqala zinokwenzeka.

Ukufumanisa i-influenza nge:

• Uhlolo;
• Uphando;
• Uphando lweLebhu.

Yintoni ongayibona kumviwo? Nazi ezinye iinkalo:

• Ukuqhaqhazela emadleni;
• Ukukhanya kwe-mucosa;
• Ulwimi lunomxholo omhlophe kunye njalo njalo.

Xa udliwano-ndlebe nomfazi okhulelwe, ugqirha kufuneka acacise ukuba unxibelelwano nabantu abagulayo, ingaba kukho ukuphazamiseka kwezifo. Le ngcaciso ibalulekile ukuxilongwa.

Unyango

Yiyiphi imiphumo yomkhuhlane, unokufunda, ngoku inkulumo encinci malunga nendlela onokuphilisa ngayo isifo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-antibiotics eyonakalisa umntwana kwaye ingavunyelwe ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ngabafazi abakhulelweyo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi: musa ukuya esibhedlele ngomkhuhlane kunye nempilo embi, biza ugqirha ekhaya. Musa ukuthatha nayiphi na imithi.

Ukuphucula igumbi emva kweyure, kunyanzelekile ukuba uhlambulule igumbi, izitya emva kokuhlamba kufuneka zithelelwe ngamanzi abilayo. Ukuba izinga lokushisa liphezulu, ngoko ungathabatha ipilisi "iPacacamamol". I-Antipyretics ingasetyenziselwa amaxesha amane ngosuku (ikhefu ngeeyure eziyi-6), musa ukuwasebenzisa kakubi. Umqala ungahlambulukiswa nge "Furacilin" okanye i-baking soda.

Isibhedlele kunye nomkhuhlane ngaphandle kokunyanzeleka akuyimfuneko. Ibhinqa kufuneka lifakwe esibhedlele ukuba:

• Iingxaki zenzeka ngexesha lokugula;
• Izifo ezingapheliyo zahlutha;
• Ayikho indlela yokubonelela unyango olufunekayo ekhaya.

Thintelo

I-Influenza kumfazi okhulelweyo, imiphumo esiyihlolisayo ngasentla, inokuthintelwa. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ulandele iziphakamiso ezithile ezisisiseko.

Into yokuqala yokuyikhumbula yimiqathango yokuphuma kwiindawo zokudibanisa kwabantu. Gwema indawo ezininzi ngokukodwa kwimvula ebanda. Xa ungena kwisitalato, kuyimfuneko ukunyanga i-nasal mucosa ngeoli oxolin.

Iyanciphisa amathuba okusuleleka ngokuthatha isisombululo samavithamini kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Thetha lo mbuzo kunye nogqirha wakho, uya kukuxelela ukuba ubani omele anikezelwe.

Ukuba umntu ovela kwindlu "ethatha" umkhuhlane, uzama ukunciphisa oonxibelelwano, ugcine imigaqo yokucoceka kobuqu. Ungadli kwisitya esinye, uhlambe izandla zakho rhoqo, gqoba iingubo zokugqoka, okufuneka ukuba utshintshwe iiyure ezimbini.

Ukuhlolwa kwabafazi abakhulelweyo ngexesha lokugula

Ukufumana unyango oluchanekileyo, kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Kananjalo yena unyanzelekile ukuba akuphelisise, ahlole kwaye abhale izikhokelo zeemvavanyo eziyimfuneko. Kukho iindlela ezilandelayo zelabhoratri zokufumana iintsholongwane ze-influenza:

• Ukubhala amacwecwe;
• I-PCR yindlela eyaziwayo kunye nechanekileyo (i-smear ukusuka kwiifauces);
• ELISA (ukufumanisa ngoncedo lwe-mucosa iso);
• RSK;
• RTGA;
• Indlela yobomi.

Yiyiphi eya kubelwa yona, esi sigqibo sogqirha oya kwiiyo. Kukho nawuphi na, musa ukuzigulisa, ukwenzela ukuba ungazilimazi wena nomntwana.