Flash inkumbulo. SSD. Iintlobo flash memory. imemori khadi

Flash imemori uhlobo lwe memory ixesha elide computer, apho iziqulatho ukuba reprogrammed okanye ususe indlela yombane. Xa kuthelekiswa ngombane Erasable ehlelwe Funda izenzo Inkumbulo kuphela ngaphezu kokuba kwenziwe iibloko kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Flash memory ixabisa ngaphantsi lee EEPROM, ngoko ke liye laba iteknoloji lubalaseleyo. Ingakumbi kwiimeko apho ufuna Preservation data ngcembe yaye ixesha elide. ukusetyenziswa kwaso avunyelwe ezahlukeneyo iimeko: xa abadlali digital odiyo, iikhamera, Funny kanye Smartphones, apho kukho izicelo ezikhethekileyo Android kwikhadi lememori. Ukongeza, ukuba isetyenziswa USB-stick, ngokwesiko zisetyenziswa ukugcina ulwazi kunye nokudlulisela phakathi iikhompyutha. Yena ufumana notoriety ethile kwihlabathi yokudlala, apho kudla lokufakwa yesiliphu ukugcina iinkcukacha ngenkqubela somdlalo.

incazelo jikelele

Flash inkumbulo uhlobo elikwaziyo ukugcina ulwazi kwikhadi lakho ixesha elide ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla. Ukongeza ukuze kuphawulwe ephezulu ufikelelo data isantya, kunye nokumelana ngcono nokothuka entshukumo xa kuthelekiswa ne-nzima adume ngazo. Enkosi iimpawu ezinjalo, iye yaba reference izixhobo ezithandwayo, enikwe neebhetri kunye nezihlanganisi. Enye inzuzo obungenakuphikiswa kukuba xa ikhadi flash khadi zixinaniswe ibe eqinileyo, ziphantse akunakwenzeka ukuba atshabalalise ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo emzimbeni, ngoko ke ukwazi ukumelana amanzi kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu abilayo.

Elisezantsi level-ufikelelo data

indlela yokungena data, ibekwe le flash kwimemori yahluke gqitha ukusuka ezazisebenza iintlobo eziqhelekileyo. ukufikelela inqanaba elisezantsi kwenziwa ngumqhubi. RAM Eqhelekileyo nangoko ukuphendula iminxeba ukufunda ulwazi irekhodi, abuyele iziphumo zemisebenzi enjalo, kwaye isixhobo flash imemori yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba kuya kuthatha ixesha siyacamngca.

Icebo nangemigaqo yokusebenza

Okwangoku, flash eqhelekileyo inkumbulo, nto leyo eyenzelwe ukuba odnotranzistornyh izakhi i "ezidadayo" esangweni. Ngalo oku kunokwenzeka ukuba ezixineneyo yokugcina data eliphezulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-RAM onamandla, nto leyo endinga indlela iperi transistors kunye elementi capacitor. Okwangoku imarike igcwele na iintlobo ngentlobo zobungcaphephe yokwakha izinto ezisisiseko olu hlobo eendaba, leyo eyenzelwe yi abenzi phambili. Umahluko nenani lamanqanaba, iindlela zokubhala kwaye ufake iinkcukacha kunye nombutho isakhiwo, nto leyo edla kubonisiwe kwisihloko.

Okwangoku, kukho isibini iintlobo chips ivame kakhulu; NOR kunye NAND. Kuzo zombini imemori transistors uxhulumaniso lusenziwa ukuba imigca bit - ngokunxuseneyo kwaye thotho, ngokulandelelana. Uhlobo lokuqala cell ubukhulu zinkulu kakhulu, kwaye kukho amathuba unikezelo olukhawulezayo oluzenzekelayo, elikuvumela ukuba uphumeze udwweliso ukusuka kwimemori ngqo. Elesibini luphawulwa zobungakanani ezincinane umnatha, kwakunye ukufikelela ezilandelanayo ukuzila oko lula ngakumbi xa imfuneko yokwakha izixhobo block-uhlobo eziya ukugcina ulwazi oluninzi.

Uninzi eziphathwayo SSD isebenzisa uhlobo memory NOR. Ngoku, ke, kuya kusiba izixhobo kuthandwa kunye ujongano USB. Basebenzisa NAND-uhlobo memory. Ngokuthe ngcembe indawo yokuqala.

Eyona ngxaki - ubu

I iisampuli yokuqala yemveliso flash drive series azifunwa abasebenzisi izantya eziphezulu. Ngoku, ke, isantya ukurekhodwa kunye ukufunda kwinqanaba ukuba zingajongwa ngokupheleleyo-ubude movie okanye ubaleke yokusebenza ye khompyutha. sele Iqela abenzi wabonakalisa umatshini, apho hard drive luthathelwa flash memory. Kodwa le mishini ethile ebalulekileyo kakhulu, nto leyo iba sisithintelo ukuya replacement ophethe lwedatha kwi diski ezikhoyo ngemagnethi. Ngenxa yobume flash memory Izixhobo ivumela usule kunye nolwazi nokubhala eliqingqiweyo inani imijikelo, nto leyo enokufikelelwa, nkqu izixhobo ezincinane eziphathwayo, ndingasathethi kangaphi na kwenziwa kwiikhompyutha. Ukuba usebenzisa olu hlobo eendaba njenge drive eqinileyo-karhulumente kwi-PC, ngoko ngokukhawuleza kuza imeko kakhulu.

Oku kungenxa yokuba i drive enjalo yakhelwe phezu impahla transistors yasendle-isiphumo ukuba sigcine kwi "ezidadayo" esangweni kagesi, ukungabikho okanye ubukho apho kwi transistor kubonwa nje ubhalo enye okanye zero kabili kwinkqubo inani. Ukurekhoda nokwenza ukusula data kwi NAND-inkumbulo tunneled electron eziveliswa indlela womthiyeli-Nordheim ebandakanya Heating. Akudingi ombane aphezulu, nto leyo evumela ukuba wenze ubungakanani iseli ubuncinane. Kodwa kanye le nkqubo kukhokelela ukugxagxiseka ebonakalayo iiseli, ukususela ngoku yombane kulo mzekelo ebangela electron ukungena esangweni, waphula Heating umqobo. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi ezikhabhathini kuqinisekisa kwimemori enjalo iminyaka elishumi. Ukwehla chip ayikho ngenxa ufunda ulwazi, kodwa ngenxa imisebenzi sula yawo kwaye uyibhale, kuba ukufunda akuthethi kufuna utshintsho isakhiwo iiseli, kodwa udlula kuphela umsinga wombane.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, memory abavelisi ngenkuthalo basebenza kwicala yokwandisa ubomi inkonzo drives karhulumente eqinileyo yolu didi: kokuba iyalungiswa ukuqinisekisa ukufana kwee-recording / sula iinkqubo kwi kwiiseli ze uluhlu ukuya kwenye azonakalanga ngaphezu kwabanye. Ukuze inkqubo umthwalo balancing umendo zisetyenziswa bhetele. Umzekelo, ukuphelisa le meko libhekisela "banxibe ilungelelanise" technology. Le data bavame ukutshintsha, ukuhambisa isithuba idilesi flash memory, kuba ingxelo yenziwa ngokwe iidilesi ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni. isilawuli nganye lixhotyiswe ulungelelwaniso yayo algorithm, ngoko kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukuthelekisa ukusebenza imifuziselo ezahlukeneyo njengoko iinkcukacha ukuphunyezwa zaye olusana. Njengoko unyaka wonke umthamo flash drive beba kuyimfuneko ngakumbi ukuba asebenzise ubuchule ngakumbi kakuhle ukuba ukunceda ukuqinisekisa uzinzo zokusebenza device.

zokusombulula

Enye indlela esebenza kakhulu ekunqandeni isenzeko wanikwa isixa esithile imemori nelulwimi, awothi efanayo wolayisho kuqinisekiswa kunye kolungiso lwemposiso ngokusebenzisa ubuchule ezizodwa ekudlulisweni ubhalo ngokwasemzimbeni iibhloko endaweni zisenzeka kunye nokusetyenziswa lunzima memory stick. Kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kwengcaciso yeseli, enesiphako, zibloke okanye indawo yogcino. software okunjalo kwenza kube lula ukuba ukuvala usasazo ukuqinisekisa ukufana wolayisho ngokwandisa inani lemijikelo ngokuphindwe 3-5, kodwa oku akwanelanga.

imemori khadi kunye nezinye izixhobo zokugcina efanayo luphawulwa kukuba kummandla inkonzo yabo kugcinwe inkqubo ifayile itafile. Oku kuthintela ulwazi funda iintsilelo kumgangatho ingqiqo, umzekelo, ezingachanekanga okanye zokuqhawula nomhla ngequbuliso zofakelo amandla yombane. Yaye ekubeni xa usebenzisa izixhobo asuswayo ebonelelwe inkqubo esisikhupheli sokuxhaphakileyo, lo ukubhalwa rhoqo inesiphumo kakhulu emibi phezu yokubeka iifayile itheyibhile kunye ulawulo lemixholo. Kwaye nkqu iinkqubo ezizodwa kwiimemori khadi bengenako ukunceda kule meko. Umzekelo, ukuba yokuphatha umsebenzisi omnye zikhutshelwa amawaka lwefayile. Kwaye, kuyabonakala ukuba, kanye kuphela isicelo iibhloko yokurekhoda apho ezibekwe. Kodwa ke indawo inkonzo kwakuhambisana update ngamnye nayiphi na ifayile, oko kukuthi, itheyibhile yokubeka ngokwemigaqo le nkqubo amawaka amaxesha. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, indawo yokuqala iya fail iibhloko yelungu le data. Technology "banxibe sokulinganisa" lisebenzisana leeyunithi ezilolo hlobo, kodwa ukusebenza kwalo ulinganiselwe. Ke ngoko akukho into usebenzisa ikhompyutha yakho, i-flash drive linokonakala nokuba xa inikwa umdali.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukwandisa umthamo izixhobo ezinjalo kuye kwabangela chips kuphela ukuba inani elipheleleyo ubhale imijikelo lancipha, ekubeni iseli lingancipha, efuna ombane kancinci kwaye uthothe izahlulelo oxide ukuba ikheswa "ezidadayo esangweni." Kwaye apha imeko enjalo ukuba ukunyuka umthamo kwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ingxaki kukuthembeka wabo uye ngokwandileyo mandundu kwaye ikhadi yeklasi ngoku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. ukusebenza oluthembekileyo sigqibo umiselwa neempawu zalo zobugcisa kwakunye nemeko lemarike zelo mzuzu. Ngenxa ukhuphiswano kwanyanzeleka abavelisi ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso nangayiphi na indlela. Kuquka lula uyilo, ukusetyenziswa yeekhomponenti iseti atshiphu, kuba ulawulo wokwenziwa kunye buthathaka nangezinye iindlela. Umzekelo, imemori khadi "Samsung" iya kuxabisa kakhulu kuyaphi kunezixhobo ezaziwayo-encinane, kodwa nokuthembeka kwayo imiba ngaphantsi kakhulu. Kodwa apha, kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukuthetha malunga yokungabikho epheleleyo iingxaki, kwaye kuphela izixhobo ngokupheleleyo abenzi engaziwayo kunzima ukulindela into engakumbi.

uphuhliso

Nangona kukho izinto ezicacileyo, kukho iqela ezingalunganga okuluphawu ikhadi le-imemori, ukuthintela ukwandiswa isicelo yayo engaphezulu. Ngoko ke igcinwa uphendlo rhoqo ukuba izisombululo ezizezinye kule ndawo. Kakade ke, okokuqala zonke ukuzama ukuphucula iintlobo ezikhoyo flash memory, engaquki kukhokelela kwezinye utshintsho olukhulu kwinkqubo imveliso ekhoyo. Ngoko ngokungathandabuzekiyo omnye kuphela: iinkampani inxaxheba ekwenziweni kwezi ntlobo drives, liya kuzama ukusebenzisa amandla alo ngokupheleleyo, phambi kokugqithela uhlobo eyahlukileyo aqhubeke ukuphucula ubugcisa bemveli. Umzekelo, Sony Memory Card wavelisa njengangoku kuluhlu olubanzi imithamo, ngako oko ke kuthathwa ukuba yaye iya kuqhubeka kuthengiswa ngokukuko.

Noko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, malunga nokuphunyezwa woshishino Ungeno lonke uluhlu technologies zokugcina enye, ezinye leyo iphunyezwe ngoko nangoko xa kukuvela kweemeko kakuhle kwimarike.

RAM Ferroelectric (FRAM)

Technology siseko yokugcina ferroelectric (Ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) Kucetywa ukwakha non-ekucaphukisayo umthamo memory. Kukholelwa ukuba indlela ithekhinoloji ekhoyo, esakhiwa ngo ukubhalwa idatha kwinkqubo kokufunda lonke ulungiso kweekhomponenti ezingundoqo, kukhokelela ukuqulatha izinto ezithile izixhobo-high speed isakhono. A FRAM - inkumbulo, esibonakala elula, ukuthembeka eliphezulu nesantya lomsebenzi. Le propati ngoku uphawu DRAM - RAM ezililize obukhoyo ngelo xesha. Kodwa ke ngakumbi ziya kongezelelwa, kwaye kungenzeka zokugcina ixesha elide data, esibonakala yi ikhadi kwimicroSD memori khadi. Phakathi inzuzo yalo iteknoloji inokuba ukumelana owahlukileyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo radiation wajula enokuthi imangalelwe izixhobo ezizodwa asetyenziswa ukusebenza kwiimeko eyandileyo radioactivity okanye nophando. indlela yokugcina ulwazi liphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa ifuthe ferroelectric. Libonisa ukuba izinto uyakwazi ukugcina nokwehlukana engekho yentsimi zombane lwangaphandle. imemori Iseli nganye FRAM amiliswe ngokubeka umboniso ukufota izinto ferroelectric ngohlobo ziikristale phakathi iperi electrode zesinyithi tyaba wokusungula capacitor. Idatha kulo mzekelo zigcinwa ngaphakathi isakhiwo njengekristale. Oku ke kuthintela le isiphumo ukuvuza isigxina, nto leyo ebangela ukulahleka kwengcaciso. I data kwi FRAM-memory iyagcinwa nokuba ombane amandla.

RAM Magnetic (MRAM)

Olunye uhlobo inkumbulo, nto leyo namhlanje ingqalelo ukuba ethembisa kakhulu, kuba MRAM. Lubonakala yi speed yokusebenza eliphezulu kwaye non-hexa. iseli Unit kule meko ibhityile ngemagnethi umboniso obekwe kwi zeendawana lesilicon. MRAM i memory static. It Akuyomfuneko Yeremiya ngamaxesha athile, kwaye hayi nkcukacha ziya kulahleka xa umbane icinyiwe. Okwangoku, iingcali ezininzi ziyavuma ukuba olu hlobo lwe memory ekunokuthiwa iteknoloji elandelayo isizukulwana njengoko kwase ekhoyo usabonisa ukusebenza ngokwanelisayo ngesantya esiphezulu. Enye inzuzo yalo sisombululo na iindleko phantsi neetshiphusi. Flash imemori kwenziwa ngokungqinelana nenkqubo iCMOs ezikhethekileyo. A chip MRAM nga kuveliswa yi inkqubo yokuvelisa eqhelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, izinto zingasebenza kakhulu naleyo yayisetyenziswa ngo eendaba eziqhelekileyo ngemagnethi. Khupha iibhetshi ezinkulu kwezi chips kutshiphu kakhulu, ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye. Kubalulekile MRAM-imemori feature ukukwazi ukwenza ekhawulezileyo. Oku kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo zizixhobo eziphathwayo. Enyanisweni, kule ziintlobo zeeseli ixhomekeke ixabiso kwentlawulo Imagnethi, yaye zombane, njengoko le flash kwimemori eqhelekileyo.

Memory Ovonic ehlanganisiwe (Oum)

Olunye uhlobo lememori, apho iinkampani ezininzi asebenza ngenkuthalo - yinto semiconductors okuqinileyo-karhulumente drive-based amorphous. Xa noseko lwalo kulele isigaba nobuchwepheshe zenguqu kuyafana kumgaqo nokuzibhala IiCD eziqhelekileyo. Apha isigaba imeko iyeza esigangeni yombane itshintswa ukusuka crystalline ukuya amorphous. Kwaye olu tshintsho lugcinwe yokungabikho ombane. Esukela kulimo oluqhelekileyo compact enombala , izixhobo ezifana zisingathwa kuloo ukufudumeza ithatha indawo yintshukumo umbane, hayi laser. Ukufunda lwenziwa kulo mzekelo ngenxa umahluko izinto ukukwazi ukucinga kumazwe ahlukeneyo, nto leyo ibonwa ngu menzi woluvo drive. Isondlo, isisombululo okunjalo ezixineneyo yokugcina data nokuthembeka eliphezulu, kwakunye isantya ukwanda. nani liphezulu inani lobuninzi ubhale imijikelo, esebenzisa ikhompyutha, flash drive, kulo mzekelo libe lisalele yi-odolo ezininzi ubukhulu.

Chalcogenide RAM (afunde) neSigaba Tshintsha Memory (PRAM)

Obu bugcisa kwakhona isekelwe ngokusekelwe kohlelo sigaba xa isigaba enye into esetyenziswa kwi yenethiwekhi isebenza njenge material non-conductive amorphous, yaye umqhubi eyesibini crystalline. Ukutshintsha iseli memory ukusuka kwimo enye ukuya kwenye ikhutshwa phandle endle nombane ubushushu. chips olunjalo luphawulwa ukuxhathisa ionizing kwimitha.

Inkcazelo-Multilayered eyayikrolwe Card (Info-linguMika)

Izixhobo Umsebenzi eyakhelwe ngokusekelwe obu bugcisa, zisekelwe kumgaqo ezingcakacileyo-bhanya holography. Ulwazi oluthile lurekhodwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kuqala wokusungula umfanekiso okuntlandlo-mbini idluliselwe yehologram kobuchwepheshe CGH. Ukufunda of data kungenxa nitrogen lwe laser umqadi esesiphelweni omnye zomaleko yokurekhoda, woqondo abasebenzi waveguides. Ukukhanya Ukhuthaza ahambe axis leyo amalungiselelo ngaxeshanye womgca umaleko, uyila umfanekiso output ehambelana kwiinkcukacha ngaphambili. Idatha okokuqala zingafumaneka na lityibilike eguqulweyo ngokubaxwa i ikhowudi algorithm.

Olu hlobo lwe memory kakuhle kunye semiconductor ngenxa yokuba uqinisekisa ukuba ezixineneyo data, power eliphantsi kunye nendleko eziphantsi ophethe, ukhuseleko lwendalo kunye nokhuseleko lingasetyenziswa ngaphandle kwemvume. Kodwa Yeremiya ulwazi olunjalo imemori khadi akavumeli, ke ngoko, unako ukukhonza kuphela nje yokugcina ixesha elide, indawo eliphakathi iphepha okanye IiCD ezamehlo enye ukuhanjiswa umxholo yemultimedia.