Zempilo, Diseases and nemibandela
Iimpawu ipoliyo abantwana nabantu abadala
Ipoliyo - sisifo lohlobo etsolo ukuba kwenzeka ubukhulu becala ezichaphazela umcimbi izimvi lobuchopho, nto leyo ebangela uphuhliso paresis kunye nokukhubazeka. Iimpawu yepoliyo sivakala abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-7, kodwa ingozi yokosulelwa kubo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, igcinwa kunye nabantu abadala.
A incinane
Ipoliyo ebalasele usuleleko yayiyazi loo spinal intambo kunye nobuchopho stem kukhokelele kuphuhliso paresis kunye nokukhubazeka, ukuphazamiseka bulbar. Disease nepoliyo, iimpawu zazo ziye eyaziwa ngokuba ixesha elide, ngokubanzi alaqhenqetha XIX, ekuqaleni lwekhulu XX. Ngeli xesha, oko kubhalwe indyikityha omkhulu we HIV eMelika naseYurophu. Ipoliyo yavulwa Vienna ngowe-1908, E. and K. Popper Landštejn, ndadala A. and J. Seybinom ubomi. Salk okugonya inactivated ezivunyelwe engama-50 kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, ukunciphisa kakhulu inani lamatyala xa imiqondiso zabonwa nepoliyo ebantwaneni.
dynamics ezincumisayo kwizifundo ukulwa nalo usulelo iyaqhubeka yogonyo esebenzayo, iimpawu rhoqo yepoliyo agcinwe kuphela kumazwe nekotoroyh - Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nigeria, India, Syria - gama 1988 inani wabo wafika 125. Inani lamatyala eli xesha sehlile amatyala 350 000 (apho 17.5 amawaka ukufa) kumatyala 406 ezichongiweyo ngo-2013. Western Yurophu, iRashiya nakuMntla Melika namhlanje yi ariya ekhululekileyo isifo kunye iimpawu nepoliyo zichongwa apha kuphela kwiimeko khona.
exciter
Ipoliyo - isifo wentsholongwane egazini. Isizathu kuba poliovirus, leyo inxulumene enteroviruses. Chaza iintlobo ezintathu virus (I, II, III). Kuba abantu inkawu yayintsholongwane eyosulela iintlobo I III. II zingachaphazela ezinye namabuzi. virus RNA iqulathe, ubukhulu yalo 12 NM. Ezinzileyo bume - emanzini, ezinokugcinwa ukuya kwiintsuku 100 ngobisi - iinyanga ezi-3, ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6 - le yincindi nomonde. Eqhelekileyo des. kuthetha kuphumelele, kodwa ntsholongwane bangabi ngokukhawuleza ngokuthi autoclaving, ukubilisa, ukungakhuseleki kweultraviolet light. Xa itshiswe ngeqondo ku-50 ° C intsholongwane kufa kwisithuba semizuzu engama-30. Xa abosulelwe ngexesha okuthatha kungabonwa egazini, zokuqala iintsuku 10 nezifo - ilaphu pharyngeal yaye kunqabile kakhulu - kulwelo fluid.
Isixhobo transmission
Umthombo losulelo kwi sepoliyo ingaba njengomntu ogulayo, kwaye sibizwa othwala virus (kwezinye iimeko, lophethe aya kugcinwa ukuze ezintathu - iinyanga ezintlanu emva kokuba recovery). Le ntsholongwane angene kokusingqongileyo kunye ituwa yomguli kunye yencindi nasopharyngeal. Kuba yipoliyo efanelekileyo indlela kulandelayo:
pin;
emoyeni;
gciwane-ngomlomo.
Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo ukudluliswa gciwane-ngomlomo - virus ongena emzimbeni ezingcolisekileyo ngezandla, neempahla, ukutya, amanzi. Kwakhona esiyingozi yencindi kukhululwa izigulane nasopharynx kunye iintsuku 2 sifo ngethuba leeveki ezi-2 zokuqala.
Le susceptibility ye intsholongwane 0.2-1%, uninzi amatyala abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka esi-7. Le izehlo incopho kwenzeka ehlotyeni kwaye ukuwa.
ubungozi
Imiba igalelo ukusasazeka usulelo ziquka:
ukungabikho nemikhwa wococeko umntwana;
ukwanda kwabantu;
iimeko abahluphekayo ucoceko, kuquka nokuhluthwa ulawulo lococeko kumaziko;
isifo rhoqo (ngaphezu kwama-4 kathathu ngonyaka) lo mntwana;
immunodeficiency;
sezantsi kwezinga lolwazi zisigonyelwe.
ngezigaba
Ipoliyo zihlelwe ngokungqinelana uhlobo nervous system:
ifomu nonparalytic - ezenzeka ngaphandle amanxeba ezibalulekileyo e-nervous system - meningeal, isisu (visceral) inapparatnaya (nazimpawu kwaye zentsholongwane, leyo imiselwe elebhu kuphela) imilo;
ifomu unedumbe.
Ngenxa yoko, le fom onedumbe ihlelwa yi kwindawo sisilonda. ihloniphekile:
imilo spinal - luphawulwa ukushwabana iyathamba amalungu omzimba, buti, uvalo, emqaleni;
Pontina imilo - uqhubeka yl kunye nokulahlekelwa epheleleyo buso sobuso, unokukhawuleza kwikona emlonyeni kwicala kobuso, lagophthalmos;
bulbar - luphawulwa ukuthetha kakuhle, igwinya, ukuphazamiseka ukuphefumla umsebenzi intliziyo;
Kobuchopho - kunye neempawu palsy focal;
ifomu mixed - pontospinalnaya, myasthenia, bulbopontospinalnaya.
Yinjongo umahluko phakathi kweentlobo inobulali, alungise, ebhala subclinical.
okuthatha
okuthatha, xa iimpawu zokuqala Kungenjalo kubonakaliswa nepoliyo, ithatha iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kuma-35. Amaninzi, ubude balo iintsuku 10-12, kuxhomekeke ngeempawu komntwana ngamnye eziphilayo. Ngeli xesha, ngamasango zokungena (ukuba pharynx kunye wokugaya) intsholongwane ingena kwiindawo nkovu isisu, apho kukho ukwanda wayo. Emva koko, ke ubengena negazi kwaye iqala indlela ibakala viremia ngexesha apho usulelo kwaqhenqetha wonke umzimba kuchaphazela macandelo abuthatha kuyo. Kwimeko yipoliyo uphondo ngaphambili umnqonqo kunye neeseli engabalulekanga.
Iimpawu ifomu meningeal
Iifom Meningeal kwaye isisu aziintlobo yepoliyo non-unedumbe. Iimpawu zokuqala ipoliyo ebantwaneni kunye nefom meningeal avele njalo elibukhali. Ubushushu iiyure eziliqela lisingisa 38-39 °. Phuhlisa iimpawu uphawu umkhuhlane - ukukhohlela, yangaphakathi okanye serous obhobhozayo ngeempumlo. Xa usibona emqaleni iphawulwe hyperemia, tonsils nezibambo palatal inokuba uqweqwe. Xa ukuphakama lobushushu kunokuba isicaphucaphu, ukugabha. Kamva, le amathontsi ubushushu, kunye neentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu, imeko yomntwana kuzinzile.
Kulandele fever ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kunye iimpawu nepoliyo ezicace kakhulu - kukho ukozela, ukudideka, silale, intloko ebuhlungu, ukugabha. Kukho iimpawu meningeal: uphawu entle kerning (elele ngasemva isigulana umlenze igotywe kwedolo nyonga kwi-engile 90 °, kwaye ngenxa kwempixano kwezihlunu kube nzima ukuba yokulungisa idolo), izihlunu lukhuni intamo (nakwenzeka engqengqe ngomqolo ukufikelela isilevu esifubeni ).
ifomu isisu
Iimpawu ipoliyo ebantwaneni kunye nefom isisu kwakhona ziqala ukubonakala kakhulu. Against lobushushu eliphezulu (37,5-38 °) waphawula oluthile, silale, ukuthamba intloko ebuhlungu. Kukho zizinto ezincinane catarrhal - ukukhohlela, impumlo esihambisayo, anozizi emqaleni inokuba iintlungu esiswini, kunye nokugabha. Kamva elo nxeba catarrhal angina, enterocolitis okanye gastroenteritis. Ukuba ezibonisa isisu ukwahlula sepoliyo isisu. Iimpawu zesi sifo kubantwana, kule meko kakhulu avamise kwi toxemia esiphawuliweyo amathumbu ngokodidi segazi okanye sorhudo. obubonakala Neurologic yale ndlela yepoliyo.
ipoliyo ofe
Olu hlobo ipoliyo kwenzeka iintlobo nzima kakhulu unyango ngasentla kunye mandundu kakhulu. Iimpawu zokuqala luvo lwe yepoliyo ziqala ukuvela kwiintsuku 4-10 emva kokuba sesichengeni le ntsholongwane, kwezinye iimeko, eli thuba ukuze kwandiswa ukuya kwiiveki ezi-5.
Kuphuhliso inyathelo elilandelayo kwesi sifo ayinabantu.
Preparaliticheskaya. Luphawulwa ngokuvusa lobushushu ukuya ku 38,5-39,5 °, intloko ebuhlungu, khohlo, impumlo esihambisayo, urhudo, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha. iintsuku 2-3 ukuya zikarhulumente eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ke ukunyuka entsha lobushushu iqala ku-39 - 40 °. Phantsi kwale mvelaphi kukho eyomeleleyo iintlungu intloko ebuhlungu kunye izihlunu, oku kuxhuzula izihlunu ukuze sibonwe nokuba abangaboniyo, abazi kakuhle. Eli thuba ihlala iintsuku 4-5.
Kwisigaba ofe luphawulwa kuphuhliso ukukhubazeka. Baba phambili kwaye zibonakaliswa yokungabikho iintshukumo esebenzayo. Kuxhomekeka imilo ekuphuhliseni mlenze ukukhubazeka (idla imilenze), isiqu, intamo, kodwa uvakalelo sidla ayiphazamiseki. Ubude Inqanaba onedumbe iyahluka ukusuka kwiiveki 1 ukuya 2.
Inyathelo Ukwehla kwi kwanonyango yimpumelelo luphawulwa ukuncitshiswa umsebenzi izihlunu umzimba. Okokuqala, le nkqubo kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kodwa ke nesantya ke kwathotha phantsi. Eli xesha unokuthatha ukusuka kwiminyaka yokuqala ukuya kweyesithathu.
Xa inyathelo lentsalela ngezenzeko abachaphazelekayo izihlunu yoma, contractures kwakheka yaphuhlisa deformations ezahlukeneyo komboko eziphelweni, bebesenjenjalo eyaziwa ngokunjalo iimpawu nepoliyo ebantwaneni. Amafoto thaca kolu phononongo ibonisa eli nyathelo kwaye zicacile.
ifomu spinal
Lubonakala yi kokuqala etsolo (Bakunyuka ubushushu ° 40, ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iindlela kungunaphakade). Child ecubhukile, adynamic, ozele, kodwa kusenokwenzeka kunye hyperexcitability (njengoko umthetho, iimpawu ucaca ngakumbi kubantwana abaselula kakhulu), yombono. Kukho intlungu zidityaniswe kwi yesiqephu asezantsi, kubi xa ukutshintsha indawo omzimba, intlungu umva kunye entanyeni kwizihlunu. Ngosuku loviwo, ibonisa iimpawu iphika, pharyngitis, nokuthimliswa. Kukho iimpawu Palsy hypersensitivity (ukwanda sokusabela iintlobo kwamagciwane). Ngokunqakraza kwi emqolo, okanye endaweni wokuprojektha lwenzeka luvo zemithi intlungu ezibukhali.
Kwiintsuku 2-4 ukususela ekuqaleni kwesi sifo kwenzeka ukukhubazeka. Xa nepoliyo, kuba ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
asymmetry - ekubulaleni abapasileyo kuhlobo isandla sasekhohlo - unyawo lwasekunene;
esekelwe - alichatshazelwa izihlunu zomzimba;
zancitshiswa okanye angekhoyo ingqondo imicu;
ukuncipha kwezihlunu ukuya atony, kodwa uvakalelo ayikho kakuhle.
Mlenze abachaphazelekayo lipholi, cyanotic, abandayo ukuya ngaphandle kwebala. Iintlungu syndrome kukhokelela ekubeni umntwana uthatha imeko unyanzelekile, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, iba unobangela contractures yokuqala.
Ukufunyanwa imisebenzi motor aqala kwiiveki 2 sifo, kodwa le nkqubo iqhubeka ixesha elide kunye ezimagqagala. izilonda wavakalisa lolwabo trophism, yalityatya ngokwamathambo wazivalela, ukukhubazeka edibeneyo, yoma ze ijwabu ithambo. Izifo ithatha iminyaka 2-3.
ifomu bulbar
ekukhubazekeni laryngeal - ephula yokuginya phonation;
izifo zemigudu;
ukuphazamiseka intshukumo le amehlo - aze emveni nystagmus rotarny.
Isifo nzima pneumonia, atelectasis, myocarditis. Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba uphuhliso ukopha zesisu, emathunjini.
ifomu Pontin
ifomu Pontina kwenzeka ngenxa ntsholongwane yepoliyo sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi yobuso, ukugxothwa, kwaye maxa wambi luvo lwe trigeminal (V, VI, VII, izibini kwimithambo- cranial). Oku kukhokelela ukushwabana nezihlunu ngenxa yobuso, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, kunye nezihlunu masticatory. Ngokwezonyango libekwe kwi asymmetry ye imisipha yobuso, smoothing nezibaya nasolabial, ukungabikho imibimbi tyaba ebunzi, ptosis (zibhetyebhetye) loMthetho engile emlonyeni okanye kwenkulungwane, ukuvalwa kwayo aziphelelanga. Iimpawu zibonakala kakhulu xa uzama ndincume, uvale amehlo akho okanye zivuthelana nemihlathi.
unyango
engqamene ipoliyo ikhona. Xa sibeka lokufunyaniswa isigulane kusamkelwa usulelo esibhedlele, apho inika ukuphumla ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni. Zonyaka preparalitichesky kwaye owayefe wasebenzisa iintlungu kunye womchamo, ngokutsho nezalathisi unikwa amayeza anti-ukudumba, okanye corticosteroids. Xa yokuginya umsebenzi disorder - isondlo tube, waphula umthetho ukuphefumla - le mpilo. Ithuba recovery eboniswe umzimba, yokuthanjiswa, ukuyifundisa, iivithamini kunye nootropics, unyango kweso sibhedlele.
ukuvimbela
Ipoliyo yenye ezo zifo ukuba kulula ukunqanda kunokuba elapha. Oku kunokwenziwa ngeendlela zisigonyelwe. ERashiya, zonke kuzalwa abenza le sokugonya. Ugonyo oluqhutywa kwizigaba ezininzi - ngeenyanga ezi-3 no 4.5 baby zigonywe kwisitofu sogonyo inactivated. At 6, 18, 20 iinyanga, le nkqubo iphindiwe kusetyenziswa ugonyo oluyi-live. ugonyo yokugqibela oluqhutywa eli-14. Kwaye musa bayifune, kuba, nangona kukholelwa ukuba ipoliyo kuyingozi kuphela abantwana, oku akunjalo, njengoko kunjalo iimpawu isifo sepoliyo abadala kugqame kakhulu kwaye iyingozi.
Ekuchongeni zokuthintela izifo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ngexesha bodwa nomonde, yedwa kunye kweliso kangangeeveki 3 iqela loqhagamshelwano, ukuthobela ngococeko zobuqu.
Ngenxa yoko, siye sakufunda ngeenkcukacha ezaneleyo ukuba iimpawu ipoliyo apho, yaye yintoni onokuyenza ukuze uphephe oku sifo.
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