Igazi Aplastic: iimpawu. Uxilongo kunye nonyango lwe anemia aplastic

Kwezintsuku kukho ezininzi ezahlukeneyo izifo ezinxulumene ngqo egazini. Enye yezi aplastic anemia. Iimpawu kwesi sifo angabonakaliyo kwaoko. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba azisinyangi isifo? Ngawaphi amanyathelo othintelo? Yiloo ngayo yaye oko kuya kungena kweli nqaku.

Overview

igazi Aplastic sisifo kwenkqubo hematopoietic, apho kukho ukuhla elibukhali kwi inani egazi, kodwa akukho zimpawu ezikwekwayo zomhlaza. Ngokutsho kweengcali, le ngezifo kunqabile. Ngaba buhlungu zombini besini enobulungisa, ngokuqhelekileyo emva kweminyaka engama-50 amadoda. Xa sithe asanyangwa anemia aplastic kudla ebulalayo.

iindlela zophuhliso izifo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukuyilwa wegazi lwenziwa liqela ezikhethekileyo iiseli, ezizezi iiseli Isiqu hematopoietic. Bona bayakwazi zanda umahluko ibe ezahlukeneyo ehluma hematopoiesis. Kungenxa lokugqibela iiseli abaqolileyo kwakhiwa (erythrocytes, leukocytes, iiplatelets, njalo njalo). Phantsi yempembelelo eziliqela zangaphandle okanye zangaphakathi, uphuhliso ilandelayo yokulandelelana of iindlela izifo:

• ngcembe nokunciphisa iiseli stem hematopoietic;
• zaphazanyiswa umsebenzi ongundoqo iiseli stem ezimbaxa nakwenzeka ukuyilwa erythrocytes, thrombocytes kunye leukocytes;

Hlula stem cell kulo mzekelo siqinisekisa impumelelo lomongo wethambo abohlukeneyo evela namawele afanayo okanye umzalwana / udade. Oku ke baphathwe anemia aplastic abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Noko ke, abohlukeneyo ayikho ukusebenza ukususela liwele elifana nqwa kwimeko apho umamkeli ongayamkeliswanga pre-course of amachiza ukucinezela amajoni omzimba. Le nyaniso amaninzi yaqinisekisa uhlobo omzimba esi sifo.

Izizathu

Ngelishwa, izinto etiological le sifo ayaziwa de kube sekupheleni. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba isizathu kungaba:

• nabo rhoqo amanye amaqela kweekhemikhali;
• kotywala ngendlela engeyiyo;
• yofuzo;
• ionizing radiation;
• iziyobisi ukunxila;
• izifo ezosulelayo ezithile;

Ukuba iingcali ayikwazi kuseka ikhonkco ngqo kunye nezizathu zikhankanywe ngasentla, esi sifo kuthiwa anemia idiopathic aplastic.

iimpawu

• isikhumba Pale, bazigruzule.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni Ukwandiswa.
• Ubuthathaka, ukudinwa, ukuba nesiyezi.
• Tachycardia.
• stomatitis emathunjini.
• Ngeempumlo okanye ukopha gingival.
• Ukulahleka emnyama, ngesiquphe umzimba.

Le nto yonke imiqondiso zonyango njengoko kubonakala anemia aplastic. Iimpawu ngokuqinisekileyo zahlukile kwimeko nganye. Ngaphezu koko, kaninzi baye ziyafana nezinye izifo kwinkqubo hematopoietic. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba ngokukhawuleza funa uqwalaselo lwamayeza yaye kukumnikezela zonke iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko. Kukho imithetho ethile igazi isini nganye kunye nobudala babo. Ukuba, umzekelo, izalathisi ngamachiza uya kuba ngandlel ezahlukeneyo, ugqirha sele ukumisela zoviwo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi, yaye ngoko ke unyango olufanelekileyo.

imilo

Iingcali ngokwemibandela Cazulula imvelaphi isifo ngeentlobo ezimbini:

1.Vrozhdennaya igazi aplastic ngu:

• ilifa (kulahlekelwa ukusekwa igazi mgaqweni iziphene) Fanconi anemia;
• sofuzo (ilahleko hematopoiesis ngaphandle mgaqweni iziphene kuphuhliso) anemia Oestrich-Dameshek;
• Lahlani ebomvu cell aplasia (sehla ebomvu igazi cell count);

2.Priobretennye igazi aplastic zezi:

• nge sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi elipheleleyo hematopoiesis;
• kunye kokoyiswa lonyulo erythropoiesis;

Ukongeza, esi sifo zihlelwe ngokwe ubuzaza:

• Non-severe anemia aplastic. Uvavanyo igazi ibonisa amanqanaba aphezulu kumalungu athile, kodwa akwanelanga xa kuthelekiswa eqhelekileyo.
• igazi kakhulu aplastic. Ukungabikwa of zegazi kunye granulocytes ritikulotsitov.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi sophele anemia?

Olu uhlobo eliqhelekileyo of anaemia, kwenzeka ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwegazi, ekhokelela ukuhla elibukhali kwi ngehemoglobin egazini, uphuhliso ekuthiwa insufficiency nemithambo kunye neoksijini yindlala. Kuba omdala eqhelekileyo kuvela ingozi yabantu kwimeko ukopha lidlula umthamo ml 500.

Le ngezifo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka xa pregnancy, igazi okanye isibindi izifo, okukhulu kwegazi ilahleko emva ukwenzakala okanye uqhaqho.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba isigulana ube iintsuku ezimbalwa akazange usola ubukho le ngxaki. Iimpawu kuthiwa kuvela iintsuku 2-3 emva ukulahleka igazi. Ukuba isigulana akayi kufumana unyango abanezakhono, kuba amathuba aphezulu kakhulu ekufeni.

Ingxaki ezifana kwegazi, ukopha zifo. Ugqirha kufuneka kuqala ukuphelisa mthombo ukopha kunye igazi ukwenza izisombululo colloidal.

ekuxilongweni

Amaninzi ukusola esi sifo kwenzeka emva kokuba unikezelo elandelayo wohlalutyo preventively. Xa igazi, kunciphise iiseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi intaneti haemoglobin kunye namanqanaba ESR landa kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iqondo lokuncitshiswa nokuqulethwe amacandelo ahlukeneyo ungahluka kwimeko nganye.

Ukuze uqinisekise isifo anemia aplastic, uvavanyo lwegazi hayi indlela kuphela kokuxilongwa. Ugqirha idla unika uviwo olubanzi isigulane, equka:

• ukuxilongwa ngokwasemzimbeni (ukumiselwa umbala eluswini, uxinzelelo lwegazi, ubukho legazi, etc ...);
• Uhlalutyo umchamo (phambi igazi lijongwa njengophawu of a ukopha syndrome, kwaye ubukho ezincinane - ibonakalisa uhlobo ezosulelayo yeengxaki);
• chemistry igazi (cholesterol, iswekile, uric acid);
• ugcwalise imbali yezonyango (nokuba kukho imikhwa emibi, ukuba kukho nasiphi na isifo esinganyangekiyo, nokuba sesichengeni izinto eziyityhefu);
• analysis igazi;
• Ukufunda wamathambo okuhlatywa indlela;
• electrocardiography;

Yintoni ekufuneka ziphathwe?

Okokuqala kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba indlela abaqeqeshiweyo kuphela ukunceda izigulane ekulweni izifo ezifana kwegazi aplastic. Iimpawu zesi sifo kwi zigaba okuqala kufuneka bangazisa bonke. Ngaphezu koko, xa imiqondiso yokuqala clinical Kubalulekile ngoko nangoko kufuna ingqalelo zonyango enkalweni iimviwo eneenkcukacha.

amayeza Modern unika iindlela ezi-unyango. Apha ngezantsi ujongo kwi nganye iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

1. unyango Causative kuyacetyiswa kwimeko eyaziwa ukubangela anemia. Kulo meko, injongo ephambili unyango kukuba ukwalathisa inyathelo kwi into ingqondo, kodwa ayisasebenzi. Izigulane bayacetyiswa ukuba asuse unobangela sifo (ukususwa kwindawo radiation, ukurhoxiswa amayeza athile, njl .. D.). amanyathelo ukunciphisa kuphela izinga ngokufa umongo wethambo, kodwa hayi ukubuyisela igazi yesiqhelo.
2. unyango izifo kuthetha uphuhliso ukuphelisa iindlela sifo. Ukuze ezi njongo, kusetyenziswa unyango immunosuppressive (iziyobisi "Cyclophosphamide", "Cyclosporin"). Kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa kwala machiza ungayibuyisa ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi hematopoietic. Kwakhona isetyenziswa kunyango corticosteroids kunye steroid. La amayeza kufuneka nje ukukhuthaza ekuveliseni iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kodwa ukuphucula protein yokuqaphela. Xa uhlobo kakhulu zesi sifo, oogqirha bacebisa esinye umongo wethambo. ngendlela Umsebenzi iphezulu kakhulu izigulane abancinane. Aplastic igazi ebantwaneni yaye iphathwa nge abohlukeneyo.
3. unyango lingaze isetyenziselwa ukuba silwe izinto ezithile zesi sifo. Oku kuquka igazi esisiseko kwezakhi zegazi, zintsholongwane (amayeza "fluconazole", "Norfloxacin") kunye nonyango systemic nokubola.

Iingxaki kunye neziphumo

• kwikhoma igazi. Ngenxa yokuhla ekhawulezileyo iiseli ezibomvu igazi ebuchotsheni phantse akukho ioksijini inikezelwa, ngenxa yoko, umntu ulahlekelwa sezingqondweni kwaye akaziphenduli ezenzeka ngaphandle.
• Gciwane.
• iingxaki sophele (ukopha). Le ngxaki okubi - ekuthiwa- ukopha nobetho, iziindawo xa inxalenye yobuchopho iyafa ngenxa ityalwa igazi lakhe.
• Ukuvuthuluka amanye amalungu angaphakathi (kaninzi kwenzeka phambi lwezifo ezingapheliyo).

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla unyango eziliqela ofanelekayo kakhulu kunceda ku lwisana ngezifo kwegazi aplastic. Ipredikshini becala kakuhle, kodwa kuphela unyango ngexesha kwagqirha. Ngokutsho manani ezikhoyo, ngaphandle unyango olufanelekileyo malunga-90% ezigulane kufa kwisithuba sonyaka omnye.

Unyango ngokukuko lomongo wethambo abohlukeneyo ithathelwa ingqalelo. Ngokomzekelo, 9 ngaphandle izigulane-10 emva kotyando kuphila ixesha elide ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu.

Xa ukungakwazi yokungenelela ngotyando (unyango ngamachiza) iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu ungakwazi kuphela live nesiqingatha izigulane, kwaye ukuya ku-40 iminyaka.

ukuvimbela

Uthintelo Primary kuthetha ngesenzo ukuthintela iziphumo ezibi imiba eyahlukeneyo lwangaphandle. Sithetha malunga nokuhlonipha iindlela zokhuseleko esisiseko intsebenziswano kunye nemithombo ionizing radiation, idayi. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukulawula amayeza kunye balawule.

Uthintelo Sekondari (uthintelo kukwehla umntu sele lokugula) ithetha mazwi emayezeni, kwakunye unyango ulondolozo ixesha elide.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba woyike isifo esinjalo, kwegazi aplastic. Amafoto abaphile ngayo abantu abaye baba esi sifo, kubonisa ukuba unako ukumelana nale ngxaki. Kulo mzekelo, indima ekhethekileyo bobabo ukufaneleka ukufuna ukhathalelo abanezakhono kunye nokubambelela olungqongqo iingcebiso ezivela koogqirha. Hlala uphilile!