Zeziphi izinto ubushushu ezahlukeneyo? Kwizikhankanyo no izicelo

Ukuba umgama ukusuka ekhayeni lakho nokuba indlela eqhelekileyo, akukho mfuneko yokuba uchaze ukuba yintoni na ingxolo kwaye ichaphazela indlela luvo yabantu. Nokuba kwimeko engcono ukwenzeka, kuya kubangela ukuba abantu aphazamiseke rhoqo Uvalo zanda. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba izinga lengxolo ulinganiswa decibels (DB). Ngokungqinelana nemigangatho yococeko, ebusuku, eli nani kufuneka ingadluli 30 dB, kwaye emini - 40 dB.

Ukuphumeza oku kuya kunceda ezahlukeneyo izinto zokwambathisa ezikhoyo, ezifumaneka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zamashishini mihla.

A bit of soundproofing

Injongo yezi materials ukhuseleko kumaziko evela kwii-ingxolo ngokungeyomfuneko. Inxalenye isandi lilibaziseka kwaye saa, yaye ezinye kokuba kuboniswe aphindele kokusingqongileyo. kwizinga ive izakhiwo luphawulwa ikakhulu Ebubanzini iindonga. I ziyatyeba bona, kuyanqaba ukuba kokukona emoyeni baya kuba nako ukuthumela amandla abo. Ukukwazi 'ukuphelisa ingxolo "luboniswa njenge index ephilileyo yokugquma apho Izakhiwo eqhelekileyo zokuhlala kufuneka alingane ukususela 52 ukuya 60 dB. It anazo concrete ubuchule okulungileyo, izitena, kwaye log glulam eqhelekileyo. Plasterboard kukuthi, umzekelo, kakuhle ngokubamba isandi, kodwa sele reflectivity endilisekileyo. Hi ndlela leyi, ngayo. Yintoni zokwambathisa izinto ngokwenene kakuhle bakwazi ukuqhuba ngokuxokozela kwabo, kunokuba zibonisa nje, ukudala livakale sele ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo?

umsindo ayengena

ukufakwa Sound luphawulwa ukukwazi yokungenelela ngokupheleleyo, acime intlokoma otshangatshangiswayo. Zithako leyo ilifa iimpawu ezinjalo, granular, ezinezikhondo okanye umnatha. Njengokuba kunjalo ezidlulileyo, iimpawu ubushushu yezinto zibalwa usebenzisa i parameter ogama njengoko kulula ukuthelekelela, isandi onokufunxa. Le spectrum kule ubukhulu ayikho banzi kakhulu: 0 ukuya 1. Ukuba isandi kubonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo, isalathiso ixabiso ngu "0", ukuba wendele ngokupheleleyo - "1". izinto Umgangatho indlu uhombiso elingaphakathi features Isiphiwo isandi-zokwambathisa zezibonelelo kwinqanaba ubuncinane 0.4.

izinto Simple sound ukufunxa

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo izifunxi azifumaneki ngokuyimfuneko kuphela abakhi abaziingcali. Ngoko ke, fiberglass nje, nto leyo zingathengwa phantse nasiphi na ivenkile isakhiwo iimveliso buyisela kunoogxa zobungcali ngempumelelo. Nkqu elele phantsi yinto ikhaphethi elingqingqwa, ungafumana ukususa msindo okukruqulayo. Kwiimeko apho ezi iinketho azinakuphila, kukho iindlela kakhulu kwi "iyamcamagusha"-bume: ifanitshala kunye nezikhuseli enkulu afunxa ingxolo eninzi, kwakunye iikhethini enzima, kwakunye nezinye iintlobo draperies.

Kakade ke, ukuba unako, kungcono ukuba iindlela ezisebenzayo ngakumbi ukuba ukukhusela nxamnye ingxolo. izikrini Acoustic ngemathiriyeli aphezulu zingathengwa ukusetyenziswa kwezo amagumbi, apho iingxolo elikhulu abavunyelwe kwi siseko (zokukhulisa kwiimveku). Inkoliso yezi imikhusane saphuhliswa yi abayili kunye iinjineli ukwenzela ukuba "ngaphezulu" indlela yonke impahla. Ngamafutshane, oku umsindo-zokwambathisa ezisemagqabini ezindongeni yokuhlala eziphathekayo. Ngelishwa, ukufumana ukuba ayikwazi zonke kwisakhiwo esikhulu, yaye iindleko ayikho sobuntu kakhulu.

ixabiso ingxolo ukhululekile. Kunokuba kumanqanaba sound ephezulu?

Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba umntu umlinganiselo kakhulu ukhululekile-25 dB. Ukuba ixabiso asezantsi, kukho uqhelene abaninzi 'ikhalisa "krwada ngolo sekudala imvakalelo kabi engqondweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu kukunyamezela ngokuzolileyo izinga lengxolo-60 dB, kodwa yokuhlala isigxina kummandla kunye ixabiso le index 90 dB iza sokulibala, leyo liphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza ube neurosis, nto leyo kungabangela iingxaki kakhulu engqondweni. Kwi 100 dB nangaphezulu kukho umngcipheko ilahleko iyonke iindlebe. Ukukhusela ngokuchasene neziphumo Lilishwa ezinjalo nje umbandela enye zokwambathisa iyasetyenziswa. Athambe, semi-ziqinile kwaye ziqinile.

Iimpawu uhlobo eqinileyo

Njengomgaqo, zenziwe ngenxa uboya ezimbiwa granulated, kodwa kukho ukuxolelwa. Ngoko ke, kukho izinto ezibandakanya elirhabaxa yendalo, "alephuze amagwebu" perlite, vermiculite. onokufunxa yabo 0.5. Ubunzima izinto ezinjalo kufuneka ingadluli 300-400 kg / m ^3.

iintlobo ezithambileyo

Kwakhona, zenziwe ngokusekelwe uboya izimbiwa efanayo fiberglass. Noko ke, iintlobo asetyenziswa kakhulu ngokuqhelekileyo ngakumbi lecondzile kwakungcono uboya zobugcisa ethandwa kakhulu nayo. Kwezi izinto, le onokufunxa isandi ziyahluka ukusuka kwi 0.7 ukuya 0.95. Kakade ke, ukuba alula kakhulu iinguqulelo ezidlulileyo: ubunzima babo ayidluli 70 kg / m ^3.

Semi-uhlobo

Kule meko libhekisela izinto zokwambathisa ngenxa tyaba, ezenziwe ngeglasi okanye izimbiwa Imicu kwakunye zokwenziwa. Umzekelo, oku isoloko isetyenziswa njenge amagwebu lyu. iintlobo Okubonisa nabo ukufunxa sezingeni eliphezulu, apho ingahluka 0.5 ukuya 0.75. Ubunzima unako ukufikelela kg 130 / ^m-3, kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe index 80 kg / m ^3. Ngoko ke, kwiimeko ezininzi kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise iintlobo athambileyo ubunzima ubuncinane babe isandi yokufunxa kakhulu.

Indlela ukukhetha ekunene ezibonakalayo ukuze zokuhlala?

Nangona kunjalo, ukhetho umbandela 'ngasekunene' ubukhulu becala kwakhona kuxhomekeke kuhlobo izandi kuphazamisana ahlale ngaphakathi endlini. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi kwezixhobo zombane kudala ebizwa ngokuba yi-air ingxolo (bokutshayela, notsala iinwele, computers). Ukuba sithetha ukuhamba, umsebenzi ezahlukeneyo zokwakha kunye nezinye izinto, oko kwakuthetha uhlobo impembelelo yengxolo. Xa iimeko zethu, naye rhoqo imeko xa ndlu yakhiwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinto zokwambathisa isandi eqhelekileyo ndawonye phezu isakhelo engqongqo, he jikisa umthombo enye enkulu yongcoliseko yesandi. Kule meko sithetha ngalo msindo kwesakhiwo.

izinto zokwambathisa Sound kunye nesakhiwo eyiselula (elirhabaxa, istro) ukwenza umsebenzi oncomekayo imithwalo kukothuka. ingxolo Air kakhulu uphawu uninzi kweendawo zokuhlala, emihle damped ngokusebenzisa iibhodi ifayibha okanye elilingana zabo. Awu, kodwa nokuphazamiseka zezakhiwo kungenziwa Umzamo kuphela emva ucalulo izinto ezisisiseko uyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa gasket ezizodwa iimpawu sound elungileyo.

Ukuphungula umoya umsindo

Nceda uqaphele ukuba iimpawu ezisisiseko ngezixhobo kufuneka ukuba amandla okutsala isandi esihamba emoyeni, yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-indeksi yokufunxa (RW), nto leyo lubonakaliswa decibels. Khumbula ukuba ukuva kuba ludonga igumbi indlu, kubalulekile ukuba iimpawu zokwambathisa lwezinto (asetyenziswe ekwakheni kweendonga) baba ratio ngokulinganayo elingekho ngaphantsi kwe 50 dB. Sele ethetha isandi onokufunxa: ukusondela omnye, ngcono. igumbi Ukuphila, eli nani kufuneka ubuncinane 0.5.

Eyona ndlela inokuthenjwa ukukhusela nxamnye ingxolo ongafunwayo ukufaka i imigangatho exineneyo omkhulu ingaphakathi. Best kulo mzekelo sokukhokhela iibhloko eziphathekayo ovundileyo kunye ezinokwakheka inclusions ngodongwe eyandisiweyo kwanele. Kubalulekile ukuba iindonga ngokwenene kwakukho isakhiwo monolithic. Ubukho naziphi amathanda okanye imingxuma akuvumelekanga. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba izinto ezahlukeneyo ubushushu eendonga ungasetyenziswa kuyilo mnye, wasinika uqhagamshelwano therebetween owomeleleyo monolithic. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa isisombululo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. "Yabase" umzekelo - ludonga iibhloko eziphathekayo, ezahlulwe ejongene kwezitena okanye kunye / okanye ilitye eyenziweyo yendalo.

Kubalulekile, nakuba kunjalo, ukuba ithathele ingqalelo into yokuba ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinjalo isakhiwo esele omiweyo - kunzima kakhulu kwaye non-ezingenamsebenzi. Ukongeza, ukuba yakhiwe loo ndlu ngokwayo ngezinto mfanelo nayo, ngomlinganiselo ezinjalo ukunciphisa ingxolo iyonke ngo 10-15 dB, nto leyo akwanelanga ukuba isandi usambathisa eqhelekileyo.

lula kwaye sitshiphu ukwenza ulwahlulo Ngokwesiseko izakhiwo engenamandla ngokwaneleyo kwaye engqongqo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo usambathisa. Ukuba senza uthelekiso izinto isandi-zokwambathisa, kulo mzekelo, ukuba inkoliso umahluko uya kubona nkqu nokwadala ukuba isivalo ...

Kulo mzekelo, i zeendawana ngqongqo ukuze kube nje izitena okanye iibhloko, kodwa ibhodi gypsum aqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe amaplanga, eyayisetyenziselwa eyimveliso iqondo olufanelekileyo mthi womile. Ukuba uphakamile lo lexinene, ngcono isandi zokwambathisa ekukwazini mbandela. Kakade ke, indima ephambili ekubanjweni ingxolo iya kudlala umaleko izinto ezithambileyo. Njengokuba sele sitshilo, le kufanelekile kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezinezikhondo, ezifana noboya izimbiwa okanye iglasi ifayibha kwiindawo zokuhlala; ukuba kakhulu ngempumelelo ukufunxa umoya ingxolo.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba Ebubanzini olusebenzayo izahlulelo kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-50 mm kuzo zonke iimeko. Nenye. Ubuncinane 50% umqulu lilonke izahlulelo zangaphakathi ngokuyimfuneko kusala izinto zokwambathisa eendonga, ngoba ukusebenza ngenye eliphezulu ufumana akusayi kuba nako. Kwaye ngoku ukuxoxa iintlobo ezithile.

fiberglass

Eyenziwe yeglasi oluqhelekileyo. main Uphawu yaso amandla aphezulu luthambe, ukungcangcazela. izinto ezininzi zokwambathisa ukuba imigangatho zenziwa ngokusekelwe yeglasi sicinezelweyo. iimpawu zayo ngenxa yokuba phakathi imicu kukho inani elikhulu lamanqanaba moya. Kukho ezininzi iimpawu ezintle esipilini; kuba alichaphazeleki ngokupheleleyo ngisho emlilweni, uzelwe enobunzima ukukhanya kakhulu, awunako ukufunxa ukufuma uyingangamsha nomphunga wamanzi permeability. Ngaphezu koko, Iwulu iikhemikhali eyimpumelelo a wu endli umhlwa kwi isinyithi, leyo qha. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kulo mzekelo, njengoko kwenza izinto ubushushu ezininzi eendonga ezisekelwe kuyo. Xa ukulungisa neeflethi kunye kubalulekile nje ukukhumbula ukuba ungene ezincinane zeglasi ngoboya isixokelelwano sokuphefumla ayinqweneleki kakhulu, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba usebenzise baphefumla elungileyo.

wool wokumbiwa

Mhlawumbi, ngaba iyaziwa yonke nomakhi. Oku elenziwe kunyibilika (silicate) amatye kunye SLAG, leyo ezibharhileyo metallurgical. Njengoko kwimeko yangaphambili, umbandela lakufumana ukuvula nelangatye kwaye akubangeli umhlwa kwezakhiwo netyhidiweyo qha. umthamo elisemagqabini ukufakwa yesandi ngenxa yobukho kubume yayo eninzi ifayibha, apho zifumaneka ephithizelayo ngokupheleleyo, interweaving kwefom.

Isaziso ebaluleke

Musa ukubhidanisa uboya izimbiwa kunye fiberglass kwakunye iimpawu imicu ezahlukeneyo. Xa glasswool ubude balo ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-5 cm, lo gama i-web bezimbiwa ifayibha eli nani ayidluli 1.5 cm. Ngaphezu koko, izinto lokuqala (yezimbiwa uboya) kulula kakhulu, yaye ixabiso layo lingaphantsi thile. Kumagumbi ingakumbi ingxolo kaninzi kuye kufuneke ukuba amalungiselelo ebizwa ngokuba yi-iisilingi ive: ezibonisa izakhi zawo ziya kubonisa isandi extra, ngoxa izinto zayo ezithambileyo eyiyo ukufunxa. Zakutshanje ibekwe kwisithuba phakathi kwesilingi 'lweenkobe "kunye zangaphandle we ukutyabeka ive.

Manufacturing panel multilayer

Ukuze kwenziwe lula umsebenzi, ukulungele ukuthatha iziqalelo lwendlela Zips. Bangakwazi kusetyenziswa sandi iindonga olusebenzayo yokugquma-umaleko ezenziwe ngezinto nzima (ngezitena okanye ikonkhriti). Ngokwemo, iiphaneli ezinjalo ilula kakhulu, ekubeni kuba iiphaneli isonka kunye nezinto ehamba ngokohlobo gypsum. Sam "isangweji" kuquka yonke drywall enye, leyo utshintsha kunokudala yoboya izimbiwa okanye fiberglass. Kubalulekile kukuba phantsi kumagumbi ahlukeneyo, ungakhetha imifuziselo ezizodwa kunye ubukhulu ezahlukeneyo 'izinto ezikhoyo. " Ingakumbi le hlobo ukwenza ezinye izinto ubushushu iingcango.

Plus panel ezinjalo ukuba ngaba ukuba ifreyim yesinyithi, yiba ubunzima amancinane kakhulu kwaye kufuneka zibambene eludongeni ngezikhonkwane ngomthi aqhelekileyo zobude efanelekileyo. Qaphela ukuba phakathi udonga obuvelisa okanye ulwahlulo, kucetyiswa ukuba abeke gasket ekhethekileyo usambathisa ephilileyo. Ngokungafaniyo izinto zangaphambili, Zips bobabo kudidi kakuhle izinto ezinokutsha, nto leyo enciphisa ukusetyenziswa panels kwi maqula kunye nezinye iindawo apho kukho amathuba ukunxibelelana emlilweni.

Kuxhomekeka imodeli, Ebubanzini ezinjalo eziphathekayo ukufikelela iisentimitha-13. Nale salathisi ephilileyo isalathisi ukwambathisa 18 dB. Ngoko, xa ukuthimba Zips udonga ububanzi koohola yokuhlala, isidanga zvukozaschischennosti besukelana 63-65 dB. Qaphela: lokusebenzisa ezo izinto zokwambathisa ukuya iindonga ukulungiswa kunokuba tyaba kuphela xa amandla aneleyo ethwele izakhiwo, njengoko square metre Zips ubunzima unako ukufikelela 21 kg, yaye ngaphezulu.

Indlela yokukhusela nxamnye ingxolo impembelelo?

Kule meko kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ezinjalo, nto leyo dudula ndikuchithachithe amaza omsindo, kunokuba ukufunxa kubo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, aneentunja, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo elastic. Le ndlela yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye pads ezizodwa ibekwe kwinqanaba le-fakelo floor ogqityiweyo.

isivalo yethemba

A unique izinto zendalo, abawuthobeli isenzo sande, umlilo, umngundo kunye nezikrekrethi. egalelwe kakhulu ngokubhekiselele weekhemikhali, kukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo yesinyithi. Ubomi nkonzo lingaba ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40. Kakhulu iintlobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu nga ukunciphisa izinga yengxolo impembelelo owe-12 dB kanye. Yeha, kodwa iindleko idla negates zonke iingenelo umbandela, njengoko wacela ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu zeerandi imitha square kilometre. Xa le khosi ibiza kakhulu ... Ukuba le enyanisweni, imigangatho kakhokho linokuchazwa ngokuthi "ezingcono ubushushu."

amagwebu

Okunye "imali" ukhuseleko ukhetho nxamnye ingxolo impembelelo. polyethylene Foamed onokuxinana ukususela-20 ukuya kuma-80 kg / ^m-3, nto leyo ebangela ithuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo phantse zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo. It has iintlobo eziliqela:

• Non-crosslinked. Molecule kwezinto ezinganxulumananga omnye komnye ngeentambo imichiza. Iintlobo ibiza, uyakwazi ukunciphisa izinga lengxolo xa decibels ezintathu ukuya kwezine.
• Ezibonakalayo crosslinked. Ezinye molekyuli yakha isakhiwo ngokwanelisayo ashinyeneyo. Ngale ndlela, iimpawu isandi ezisongwayo yezi ntlobo zameno ngentla (ukunciphisa ingxolo ngu decibels ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu). Ngokusekelwe kolu hlobo zenziwa, ezinye izinto ubushushu ngenxa eluphahleni.
• Afana crosslinked. Iimolekyuli babe ulwalamano oluhle kunye nabanye. Ngenxa yoko, le nto kukho intsebenzo kancinane kuphela obuphantsi kwabo ingaphakathi isivalo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uhlobo polyethylene kulungile ukusebenzisa xa ukuyinyusa le screed eziphathekayo, ukuba ibekwe phantsi floorboard kunye laminate. Kwezinye iimeko, iya kusetyenziselwa ukomeleza amalungu. Emzimbeni strong, ukumelana imichiza ezininzi. Ezinokutsha kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka ingasetyenziswa kwezo nkalo apho kukho emlilweni. Phantsi yesenzo ultraviolet radiation ulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza iipropati zokukhusela. It ayinqweneleki ukubeka i zeendawana kwi presences abatshayayo, ekubeni imithwalo ezinamandla ngomatshini ngokukhawuleza othwala phandle. Ingaba ukufuma, leyo kwezinye iimeko kudala imiqathango sokuphuhlisa sande. Ngaphandle koku, ezisekelwe kuyo wenze ezininzi izinto yesandi-zokwambathisa ukuba imigangatho (ingaphakathi), njengoko polyethylene na ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu.