Kalmykia: kwesihloko, labantu, inkcubeko

Ugxininiso kulo nqaku liza kuba Republic of Kalmykia. Ikomkhulu kulo mmandla, Elista, leyo yahluke kwezinye izixeko Russia. Iyafuna ukutyelela ubuncinane ukuze simazi nehlabathi umdla ubulumko dha. Kalmykia kodwa ayikwazi ingqalelo yiparadesi kubakhenkethi, kodwa ngingqi ivela, kwihotele entsha. Kweli lizwe loonothwal bamandulo aphile bakulo mnquba, ukubona nemihlambi yamahashe, ukukhwela inkamela. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngendlela ukufumana kwiRiphabliki Kalmykia, apho ukuze loo ujongo kunye incasa, kwakunye noko ukuba beze kuqeqesho bephethe kwimemori, funda eli nqaku. Kwakhona uqaqambise imbali elinzima abantu emathafeni kunye nendlela yayo mihla ubomi.

indawo

The Republic of Kalmykia ise kwinxalenye yaseYurophu ye-Russian Federation. In Ngasemzantsi ngomda kunye aseStavropol Territory. Noko ke, inkoliso yabantu bomthonyama weRiphablikhi dha. Oku umdla ne Kalmykia. Akuyomfuneko ukuba ukubhabha ku Thailand kunye Mongolia ukubona pagodas, stupas eqingqiweyo umthandazo Buddha ehleli ukucamngca. Konke oku ku Elista. Kalmykia ise emzantsi we-Russian Federation, ukuba unalo ubungakanani kunokuba enkulu. indawo yakhe eekhilomitha asixhenxe anesithandathu amawaka isikwere ngaphezu eBelgium, eSwitzerland, iNetherlands okanye Denmark. Ibanga ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi kwi amane anamanci mahlanu anesibhozo kweekhilomitha, kwaye ukusuka empuma kuye entshona - 423 km. Emzantsi yemida zendalo kwiriphabliki ngabantu imilambo Kuma kunye Manych. Emzantsi-mpuma kokuhlanjwa kuLwandle lweCaspian. Ukusuka emantla-mpuma ummandla Kalmykia loLawulo- iVolga. Yaye emntla-ntshona inxalenye ilinganiselwe Ergeninskaya endulini.

sezulu

Republic of Kalmykia , ngenxa yokuba indawo yayo enkulu kwimimandla emithathu yendalo - intlango, ebuntlangorha kunye emaqeleni. Inkululeko apha ikakhulu tyaba, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kukho imimoya enamandla rhoqo, maxa wambi zikhule zibe yimimoya eyomileyo. Imozulu yi yelizwekazi kweli lizwe. amaqondo obushushu ehlotyeni degrees 42. Ubusika ngekhephu, kodwa ngenxa yengqele ekrakra. kakhulu kwimozulu lizwekazi kwandisa ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma. Kodwa apha emzantsi-avareji ngoJanuwari Amazinga kuphela thabatha ezisibhozo Degrees Celsius. Ubusika eqhaqhazelisa kwimimandla kumntla-mpuma. Apho frost uyakwazi ukufikelela -35 degrees Celsius kunye ngezantsi. Kodwa lizwe liyi inani elikhulu leentsuku ecacileyo. Ilanga apha likhanya iintsuku malunga 184 ngonyaka. Ithuba efudumeleyo enxulumene nehlala ixesha elide - iintsuku 250-270. Ke kaloku ngeli avareji Julayi lobushushu kuphela +24,5 ° C, ngamazwi rhoqo. Ngaphandle ubaxo, sinokuthi mxholo Russian Federation kwi kwiingxabano kummandla Volgograd itayitile mmandla ishushu.

umnotho

Ngomhla kummandla kwiriphabliki kukho iidipozithi enxulumene lweCaspian oyile negesi iphondo ichibi. esebenza ngoku Ermolinskaya kunye Burulsky kakuhle. amahle kakhulu kuphuhliso kwezibonelelo yamandla omoya kwi sifunda. urhulumente Kalmykia bukaThixo uthatha amanyathelo okuqala endleleni ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuhamba khona umoya musa umonakalo kwezolimo, yaye uluncedo. Ngokukodwa, ngoku yayisakhiwa Bibles ngamandla omoya. Ingxaki enkulu kuba ezolimo ukunqongophala kwamanzi acocekileyo. I imvula iphantsi - malunga amabini okanye amathathu, anamanci eemilimitha ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngoko ke, ngokuba ezolimo ichibi ebalulekileyo. I inkulu kubo - Chograyskoe ibekwe kwi emdeni aseStavropol Territory.

Imilambo namachibi of Kalmykia

Kunxweme sandy loLwandle lweCaspian, lubanzi iindawo ezincinane, Kungenzeka enkulu kuphuhliso lokhenketho kwiRiphabliki Kalmykia. Awu, ngoxa lisusiwe. IVolga leqa ummandla kwiriphabliki kuphela dvenadtsatikilometrovom sayithi. Ezinye imithambo amanzi aba Kuma (iyakohlula Kalmykia evela Dagestan), East kunye West Manych, Egorlyk. Uninzi lwemilambo ka Kalmykia zincinane, koma ehlotyeni, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ethwele amanzi akrakra-anetyiwa. Ngoko ke, ekumeni eziphambili kweli lizwe emaqeleni ezomileyo kunye nezo entlango. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubalula elwandle, nto idume Kalmykia. Photo Yashaltinskogo Big Lake, ukuba mhlawumbi sele sibonile. amayeza yamanzi yayo ngaphaya ngaphandle kuLwandle oluFileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iziko elinye kuphela unyango limi elunxwemeni yayo. Ku yakhiwa kutshanje kwaye kungenzeka ngokukhawuleza ukuba yakhiwe apha, kunye namanye amaziko efanayo. Ngapha koko, xa kude ukuze eselunxwemeni zasendle chibi eninzi yabantu ukuba ukunyanga izifo - nokuphefumla kwi yokuzala.

Asikwazi balibala wayifulela amabali Ngcayechibi Manych-Gudilo. igama layo ngayo eAmsterdam ngenxa umoya, ishicilelwa phezu egudileyo esilusizi izandi kuyothusa. indawo oluzalela of zasemanzini na isivumelwano-Hulsun. Amanye amachibi ezibalulekileyo - Sostinskie kunye Sarpa, Small Yashaltinskoe.

Enezityalo nezilwanyana of Kalmykia

Kalmykia, ogama iifoto basoloko emaqeleni ezingapheliyo kunye semi-iintlango, lo mxholo ukubonakalsa kulo lonke Russian Federation. Le uhlaza lumelwe apha iintsiba, intsimi tumbleweed, nezinye iintlobo bebeziqhelanisa imozulu eziyimiqwebedu nemihlaba enetyuwa. Ngomhla amachibi ze kwindlwane malunga namashumi amathathu iintlobo zeentaka. Kwezi, amashumi-amathathu kwi-Red Book of Russia. Kodwa Kalmykia odumileyo, yeyona yokuba endaweni yayo eyayihlala labemi yiSAIGA yaseYurophu kuphela. Ukuze ukukhusela oku ezisengozini ekutshabalaleni, ngowe-1990, i-Reserve yasekwa "Black Land". Ibanga phakathi Kuma kunye iVolga kwindawo ikhulu elinamanci mabini amawaka eehektare. Kukho kwakhona kwaye sele Sathi sakuchaza edikeni Manych-Gudilo kwiziqithi ezilishumi elinambini. Abakhenkethi apha ukukhangela weentaka yokwakha, bustard, pelicans lweDalmatia watch esebenzayo nemihlambi yamahashe. Kuhle ukuba Manych-Gudilo kwiimeko ezinomoya. Emva koko sijikeleze amaza echibini isigebenga (ngeemitha ezili-12 ukuphakama!). Le howls umoya njengoko kubonakala, bonke bathi noomoya abakhohlakeleyo ukusuka amavo Bibles athontelana apha ngesabatha. Noko ke, phezu iselunxwemeni kude akukho iindawo zabakhenkethi. Indawo yokuhlala kunokwenzeka kuphela kwilali Yashalta icandelo labucala okanye indlu yeendwendwe reserve.

Inabantu Kalmykia

Ngokutsho data Rosstat ka-2015, abantu lalingamakhulu amabini anamanci asibhozo anesihlanu ikhulu abahlala kweli lizwe. Kwi-Census ka-2010 babengama-289 481. Le ukwehla inani ngenxa yokufuduka lwangaphakathi. Kodwa oku kuphuma lihlile kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kalmykia ngcembe uyayeka ukuba lilungu kummandla odandathekileyo. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo ummandla omkhulu ummandla kwiriphabliki nga kugwetywa ukuba lexinene zabemi lincinane: malunga amane abantu square kilometre. Abemi benza up ezingamashumi amane anesihlanu ekhulwini bonke abahlali bephondo. Kwaye ukuba ukhumbule ukuba kwiRiphabliki Kalmykia eyinkunzi inabemi abantu 103.730, kuvela ukuba mninzi abemi kakhulu. Ukongezelela Elista, kukho imizi emibini nangaphezulu - Lagan kunye Gorodovikovsk. Ngokutsho kubalo-2010, ukwakhiwa nobuhlanga kwiriphabliki kukuba uninzi (57%) - Kalmyks, 33% - Russian, omnye-10% - nezinye iintlanga.

abasemagunyeni

Abantu Khural weRiphabliki lamkele imithetho kunye nemigaqo. Kule IPalamente kubandakanya namasekela ezingamashumi amabini anesixhenxe. Hural ke kwegunya lowiso-mthetho. Eli gosa liphezulu - Head of the Republic. Yena nohola isebe elilawulayo yaye yakha Government of Kalmykia. Iminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe, wayeyintloko weRiphabliki Kirsan Nikolaevich Ilyumzhinov. Le ndoda iye lukhulu iintlobo Kalmykia, capital Elista kunye nezinye iidolophu needolophana ndizuze yaseYurophu. Ngo-2010 it kule post, nguMongameli we-Russian Federation V. V. yasePutina, endaweni Aleksey Maratovich Orlov.

History of the mmandla

Akukho lula yaye maxa wambi kabuhlungu. Kuba aba thina babebhadula kumathafa lwezizwana ezahlukahlukeneyo. Cimmerians, amaSarmatia neyamaSkitiya kwaye Khazars, Huns, Cumans kunye Pechenegs waphumelela bodwa, eshiya ngasemva zokungqinga kunye iintsalela zokuhlala zamandulo. Oku kuchaza isizathu sokuba inkcubeko kangaka abaninzi-emalungana Kalmykia. Ngenkulungwane XIII, la mazwe baba yinxalenye Golden mkhosi. E Kalmykia, wasinda ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini amangcwaba inkcubeko kunye nembali. Abahlanu kubo akhuselwe yi-Russian Federation. abantu Bibles, kwakunye iCrimea AmaTatar, waba lixhoba ukugxothwa. Stalin wayalela abantu bagxothwe kwiilali zabo. Amawaka angazange wabuyela ekhaya. Oku amaphepha ezibuhlungu kwimbali yabantu Bibles lunikezelwa sisikhumbuzo "Eksodus and Buya", eyenziwe Ernest ayaziwa. Le lesikhumbuzo ise Elista.

inkcubeko Modern kuhlangene ne zonqulo kwiRiphabliki. Ngapha koko, le Kalmyks - kuphela eYurophu, abantu umBhuda. Naphi na uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana khurul - izakhiwo Lama ekuso. Kangangethuba elide, i Kalmyks ayengavunyelwa ukuzakhela baqhelisela unqulo lwabo. Kwakungekho tempile esebenzayo yaye watshabalalisa yakudala. Ezindala - ilali khurul Tsagan-Aman, niyathandana ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Ukufumana apho

Kuthatha uninzi ziindwendwe Republic of Kalmykia capital Elista. Esi sixeko moya mnye. Kuthatha moya rhoqo evela eMoscow, aseStavropol, Rostov-on-Don kunye Mineralnye Vody. Ibhasi ukusuka kwikomkhulu weRashiya, nangona lo moya uya kubiza (1,800 engange), kodwa oko kuthatha ngaphezulu ngemini. Ukuze ufumane ku Elista ngololiwe, kufuneka uqale ufumane ku aseStavropol. Kukho kufuneka zigqithiselwe enye inxalenye ihamba ecaleni isebe ukuya kwisikhululo "Iyamangalisa." Ukusuka aseStavropol ku Elista, uchitha iiyure ezisibhozo ndlela, xa ukhetha zokuhamba. inkonzo Bus kwakhona odibanisa ikomkhulu Kalmykia kunye Volgograd kunye Astrakhan.

Elista

Esi sixeko sibizwa ngokuba ikomkhulu dha. Yasungulwa kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba emva kwexesha. Elikomkhulu Kalmykia, Elista - idolophu encinane. Kuyinto likhaya kubantu ezilikhulu lamawaka. Ngoko ke, ukuba umthande, unokukholosa ngeenyawo zabo. Nangona isixeko rhoqo isinqe ibhasi, yaye kwemikrozo yeemoto esixekweni. Elista isongo owuthanda abakhenkethi. Ingakumbi okuphawuleka ukuphuphuma stupas ukuthandaza dha iitempile. Kucetyiswa ukuba atyelele Golden ikhaya Sakyamuni. enkulu itempile dha eYurophu. It iqulathe kumanqanaba asixhenxe. nomfanekiso walo Uyabahombisa One elinambini-awaqondayo, wazigquma kunye igqabi ngegolide encrusted kunye iidayimane zokwenene. Temple zezinto ezingcwele siqulathe: umzekelo, impahla UDalai XIV a. Le Pagoda Iintsuku ezisixhenxe efakiweyo-unyawo ezintandathu umthandazo isigubhu Tantric Monastery e-India. Lwaluphawula ngoonobumba zegolide ezininzi iilwimi mantra.

Yintoni ukuzama noko ukuthenga

Kwiivenkile zokudla Elista amanani ezifanele. I-avareji isidlo kuxabisa engange amathathu okanye amane. Qiniseka ukuba isampula ravioli "borigi" agcadwe izicumba oyile "bortsoki" giblets isuphu, ovine neti "Djombo".

In memory of the Republic of Kalmykia eyinkunzi inika iintlobo ngeentlobo zezikhumbozo. Oku ikakhulu ingubo yoboya benkamela kwaye waziva iimveliso - umzekelo, ibhokisi-yurt. Kufuneka uye kwindawo ethile - Elista City Chess. Yonke into apha enikelwe wechess. Kwaye ke kwisitrato esikhulu le mini-idolophu - avenue ogama Ostap Bender, i lesikhumbuzo ukuya wamacebo enkulu. City Chess wakha Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, intloko owayesakuba Kalmykia kwaye ngaxeshanye uMongameli we-International Chess Association.