Theory of iimvakalelo. iimpawu ngokubanzi

Theory of neemvakalelo akhiwa kuwo kwimbali kwingcingane kunye zomzimba. Kunzima ukuphendula umbuzo kuzo omnye Classic, njengoko kuyinyaniso. Ngoko ke, ingxelo epheleleyo ngakumbi kukuba ezihlobeneyo. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha izibonelelo eziphambili ngamnye kubo.

Ithiyori Vilgelma Vundta iimvakalelo uphonononga ngakumbi kwisakhiwo. Le Isazinzulu waba nako ukwabela kubonakaliswa njenge ukuzonwabisa okanye abenoburhalarhume umthomalalisi okanye iimvakalelo. Ukongeza, ngokwesakhelo oku eninzi ingqalelo yahlawulwa ombane okanye wokuqhuba. Ngokubanzi, iisayikholojisti ukwahlula ukuba esona sizathu siphambili imbonakalo yabo - nokomzimba.

Ithiyori kaYakobi-Lange - imodeli vasomotor. Ichaza isizathu sokuba kubekho le nkqubo engqondweni. Indima ephambili idlalwa somatovegetativnyh licandelo. Ngenxa yoko, nayiphi na imvakalelo - imvakalelo, ukuba kuvela kwinkqubo yotshintsho iintshukumo bangaphandle, kunye mbulo (secretion, imithambo kunye ezesifuba) umsebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, unobangela utshintsho peripheral.

Le mbono okuqala iimvakalelo ziye wagxeka physiologists phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX luthotho imifuniselo. Ngoko ke, uCharles Sherrington wayixhaxha umnqonqo kummandla wesibeleko, kunye imithambo vagus. Ngenxa yoko, bekubonakalisiwe ukuba isilwanyana ifuthe imvakalelo basabela njengangaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, ukususela kwi-ofisi esembindini visceral HC kungekho isiphumo.

W. Cannon, komzimba waseMerika womuntu, wabonisa ukuba lo mzuzu legqwetha iimvakalelo ngokweemvakalelo kwenzeka ngaxeshanye hormone adrenaline. Ukuba viva umzimba uphela amanyathelo. Kweli nqanaba iqalisa ukukhula ukubetha kwenzeka ukwanda pupillary nokuphazamiseka ukwetyisa, iswekile liphuma.

Emva koko, kwakukho iingcamango zebhayoloji iimvakalelo.

Enye kakhulu ethandwayo ingqikelelo P. Anokhin. Ngaphakathi sikhokelo kungenxa imbonakalo neemvakalelo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ukuba kwenzeka Ukungafani okanye ukutshatisa isiphumo kulindeleke kunye nemeko kanye yezinto.

Njengenxalenye yale mbono yebhayoloji na ingqikelelo isebenze iimvakalelo. Oku kusekelwe phezu indima nezakhiwo zangaphakathi ingqondo. stimulus oluvo kuvela kwimida ukuya iziko, apho ihlolwe. Isibakala sokuba iisampulu kunye novavanyo oluvo nayiphi na yokuziphatha ebekwe phantsi kwi thalamus. "Impendulo" ezifumanekayo idluliselwe ekuqondweni umzimba apho umyalezo uza kusasazwa, ukuba baziphathe ngayo: ukuba ukonwaba okanye ukuba lusizi, wamangaliswa okanye nomsindo, njalo-njalo.

iingcamango nangokwasengqondweni neemvakalelo zimelwe ngolu hlobo.

Umbhali yemfuno lwengqiqo ulwazi Simonov. Ngokutsho kwakhe, imvakalelo - kubonisa yobuchopho wesilwanyana okanye umntu nayiphi na imfuneko eyona (ukongeza, izinto ezibalulekileyo umgangatho kunye nexabiso) kwaye amathuba okuba iya kunikezelwa kangakanani. Oku kuya kuvavanywa ngokusekelwe yemfuza okanye ezifunyenwe phambi amava ngamnye.

the concept Schechter emva isekelwe izakhi ezibini ezibangela ukuba amava iimvakalelo. Kwelinye icala, kubonakala ukuvukelwa komzimba, kwelinye, uqala meko kufuneka zitolikwe nzinyana. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngokuxhomekeke ukutyhilwa yabonakala yimincili. Le mbono yaye zisekelwe kuthotho-experimenti ezininzi apho laba ngokuzitofela a iyeza ivuselela. Okulandelayo, sibona utshintsho yokuziphatha.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba imfundiso mihla iimvakalelo ukucacisa imbonakalo izinto zabo psychophysiological.