Stroke: iziqhamo, amathuba okusinda, abantu abane

Kunzima ukuba zazi ngokubaluleka kwezi zihloko, sifaka oko, yintoni le sifo eyoyikekayo njenge stroke, imiphumo. Amathuba okusinda ayikwazi engamelanga ithathwe njenge phezulu xa isigulo eso. Kodwa kwanokuba ukulawula ukuze aphephe ukufa, ngathi ukonakala kwengqondo kuphela kuchaphazela ubomi yesigulane. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukwazi into pathology elinikiweyo yaye ziziphi iimpawu zayo.

Yintoni kufuneka kuqondwe stroke

Le ngxaki ingachazwa njengento embi ngokwaneleyo kuba ichaphazele ingqondo. Esi sifo yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye iqala ezixhaphakileyo ngakumbi kubantu eliqina, kanti zixilonga ezinjalo ngaphambili kubhalwe ikakhulu phakathi abemi, iye yabhiyozela elide iminyaka yayo amahlanu.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kuphela xa kukho ugqirha abaneziqinisekiso kakhulu kwaye ufikelelo kumachiza kuyimfuneko, iyavakala ukuthetha malunga unyango olusebenzayo lwezifo ezifana umvumbo kwengqondo olubanzi. Iziphumo sifo ukuba ibe ngaphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ukuba ngaba uncedo ngexesha, yaye kunokwenzeka ukufa. Ngoko ke, sukuba madolw 'ukuba ubonisa iimpawu ukopha ebuchotsheni.

stroke kobuchopho

Enyanisweni, isifo enjalo ingaba iindlela ezimbini eziphambili. Le kobuchopho kwaye ukopha kobetho (iqondo ezimbi kakhulu yokwenzakala).

Ekuqaleni kubalulekile uthinte uhlobo wobulali, nto leyo ngenxa licuthe beempahla nedumbe lengqondo. Ngethuba lale nkqubo, ukufa kweeseli zengqondo kwenzeka ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini, nto leyo ukwenza kunye negazi. Esi sifo olukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye onesimilo olubanzi (kwemithambo kwenzeka okanye iqela lonke beempahla).

Ngaloo ndlela ke stroke kobuchopho babe iintlobo ezininzi:

- lacunarity. Oku kukhokelela ukuyilwa izikhewu (imigodi) apha ebuchotsheni.

- Mikrookklyuzivny. Kule meko kukho indlela ukungathobeli ebonelela indlela yokuhamba kwegazi eliphezulu (hemostasis).

- cardioembolic. Umthambo Occluded, kodwa ngokungaphelelanga.

- Hemodynamic. uhlobo olunjalo of icala kunokubangela Jump ngesiquphe uxinzelelo lwegazi. Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi yehliswe kakhulu, kukho licuthe kwimikhumbi, nto leyo ithetha sisixa elibukhali igazi.

- Stem. Esi sifo isetyenziselwa ukugqiba sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi stem ebuchotsheni. Olu luhlobo eyingozi kakhulu stroke, ngenxa yokuba kule meko amaziko ebalulekileyo kwenzeka kuba bengaphumelelanga. Loo karhulumente, kwiimeko ezininzi iphela ukufa nje ngephanyazo.

- Aterotrombichesky. Kulo mzekelo, igazi ukuphazamiseka ukuba kungenxa ihlwili igazi wahlukana kude udonga inqanawa, okanye ngenxa yegazi.

Njengoko kubonakala, olunzulu stroke kwengqondo ALS sikude idolo, ekubeni iqondo ukwenzakala uphezulu kakhulu.

ifomu sophele

Ngokuba lo hlobo kokubetha iphawulwa inkalo eziyingozi ezifana ukopha ebuchotsheni. Kulo mzekelo, kukho nemizekelo emibini:

- stroke intracerebral, nto leyo ebangelwa kukhululwa ngesiquphe yoxinzelelo. Sifo kakhulu kubantu abadala.

- olubanzi subarachnoid ubuchopho ukopha stroke. Kule meko sithetha ngayo ngokwaphula umthambo. Loo isiphumo ibhalwe ngokufuthi abo utyebile okanye baqhelisela imikhwa emibi.

izizathu

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kuyehla kube stroke enkulu eyenzeka ukuvaleka okanye komsipha yeqela iinqanawa ikukusebenzisa ubuchopho okanye umthambo enkulu. Oku kubonisa ukuba naziphi na izinto ukuba ibe nefuthe elibi imithambo yegazi kunye karhulumente ethile, kungathathwa njengonobangela legazi.

Ngokucace kakhulu, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo isisongelo enjalo, njengoko atheroma kunye nezo egazi nga ukuba zenze kuyo. Ukuba kubangela stroke kwengqondo olubanzi. Izinto ezibangela umonakalo ezinjalo - ngumba ezahlukeneyo, kodwa esichengeni rhoqo ukufumana abo banyanisekileyo umzimba.

Amaninzi nokuphazamiseka yegazi ebuchotsheni inokuba ngenxa nezinye izifo emzimbeni. Ngenxa yoko, iqela umngcipheko kuquka abantu iSifo zilandelayo:

- lwegazi, ingakumbi kwimeko lokungahoywa;

- ngezifo bentliziyo, njengoko xa kudala iimeko emboli kunye thrombi (iziphene kwaye iziphene ezifunyenwe, fibrillation atrial, kwemithambo yenhliziyo, leyo ezase);

- engenazimpawu carotid atherosclerotic stenosis;

- ngenxa ukutyeba yokuphila ngaphantsi esebenzayo;

- diabetes (fluidity igazi kuguga, kwakheka thrombi);

- yegazi yobuchopho , kunye yegazi ephezulu;

- ezidlulayo kobuchopho kwimbali.

symptomatology

Ukuze usabele ngokukhawuleza ngesibetho kuyimfuneko ukwazi iimpawu eziphambili. Oku kuza kunceda ukuqinisekisa imeko yokwenene kumguli nangoko ubize inqwelo yezigulana.

iimpawu zesifundo kubalulekile ukufunda phambi ukujongana yintoni ebangela imithelela stroke. Amathuba okusinda xa isigulane ethile ixhomekeke ngqo kwi uncedo lwezonyango ziya kunikwa ukuba ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela into yokuba kukho iimpawu ezinxulumeneyo, ezo iimpawu zestrowuku enkulu. Ukuze babonakale phambi kwenzeke legazi ngokwayo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu waziva kwiiveki phambi ekunyukeni le ngxaki. Ezi mpawu zilandelayo ingabalelwa kuye:

- ikhanda;

- nesiyezi;

- yinkumbulo elifutshane elide;

- ukucima ngexesha iintshukumo ngequbuliso;

- ukulahlekelwa okwethutyana yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo emajukujukwini.

Le ngxaki ngokubethwa ubuchopho ebanzi, iimpawu unokuba uhlobo olwahlukileyo kancinane kwimeko ziye lithwaxwe imiqulu enkulu eziphathekayo. Zibonakala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- ukozela;

- yintloko ebuhlungu;

- umkhuhlane;

- ukulahlekelwa lokuqonda (nokuba isiqaqa kunokwenzeka);

- ntetho uba hoywa;

- kukho ilahleko memory;

- ukubila;

- yombono;

- imvakalelo ukoma emlonyeni;

- ezimisele ubushushu ngequbuliso;

- iintlungu kwindawo eye;

- isigulane liyayeka ukuqonda ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kuye yaye apho akhoyo, kodwa uhlala ngexesha elifanayo ezingqondweni (imo stupefaction).

Indlela ukuqaphela ngokukhawuleza ngesibetho

Ukongeza kule mpawu zingasentla, kukho iindlela ezininzi anokunceda ukufumanisa imeko umntu ogama ingqondo wambetha ngenxa komsipha okanye ukuvaleka kwemithambo.

Ukwenza oku, landela la manyathelo alula:

- Zama ukuthetha naloo mntu. Ukuba kukho ukusilela entetho kwaye isigulane akakwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwimibuzo elula, kuyimfuneko ukucofa inombolo kaxakeka.

- Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukucela ukuncuma kwi urhano malunga umvumbo ebuchotsheni omkhulu. Imiphumo legazi okanye oxygen ngxaki okunokubonakaliswa yi ukuphazamiseka kulingisa - enye iimbombo umlomo ngexesha kwiinzame ukuncuma eya kutshona.

- Enye indlela moshilongo ngokukhawuleza karhulumente - kukuzama ukuba baphakamise izandla zozibini phezulu. Ukuba unikezelo gazi kungaphazamiseka ngo intloko, nongqamaniso iintshukumo akayi kuba - yenye ngesandla gangqa enye.

Ngokubanzi, kwakhona ngcono ukuphendula ngokupheleleyo, kunokuba ukuvumela stroke. Imiphumela (ifoto ngentla ngokucacileyo kubonisa indlela umonakalo ubuchopho) kusenokuba nzima kakhulu.

Yintoni ungalindela emva ngesibetho

Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba bachache ngokupheleleyo akunakwenzeka ukuba kunokwenzeka unesifo esinzima enjalo. Oku kuchazwe yi kukuba emva kokuba icala enjalo lunyhasho kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ebalulekileyo. Ukuhlolisisa izihloko ezifana kakhulu ngesibetho, iziphumo, amathuba okuphila kunye namathuba kwimeko yesiqhelo, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo ezi ngxaki, nto leyo yile umonakalo kobuchopho:

- Ukophulwa zentetho. Abo basindayo imeko enzima ngolo hlobo, kunzima kakhulu ukwenza nkqu izivakalisi ezininzi ezilula.

- kunesifo. Kule meko sithetha ukuba angabi nako ukukhumbula iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nobomi bemihla ngemihla, koko, imbono nkcazelo inzima kakhulu ngakumbi.

- kakuHle ingqondo, izakhono motor kunye nolungelelwaniso ntetho.

- Ukukhubazeka nesiqingatha ubuso, eziphelweni, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ilahleko ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi motor.

Ukuba ngendlela ngexesha ukuba ukunika unyango olusemgangathweni, malunga nesinye esithathwini amatyala, iziphumo data stroke zibuyiselwe kwindawo apho uza kukwazi ukuphila ubomi obupheleleyo.

Isiqaqa ngenxa kokubetha

Esi sesinye seziphumo zinzima, olunokuba ngokoyiswa ingqondo. Ngoko nangoko coma kwenzeka ngenxa komsipha inqanawa enkulu palsy, yaye emva subarachnoid enkulu okanye legazi intracerebral. Kule meko isigulane ulahlekelwa sezingqondweni kwaye uvumbulula.

Ixesha elide isiqaqa, eyomeleleyo uphuhliso yayo, omkhulu ngakumbi ukuba ezonakeleyo iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Kulo mzekelo, i-stroke ubuchopho olunzulu emva ifuthe isiqaqa kunokuba kubaluleka kakhulu, kuba ngexesha zingqondweni kwi zobuchopho etshabalalisayo kakhulu, utshintsho vuhlayiseki.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha kwikhoma

Kule meko, isigulana ayikho nako ukuphendula kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, ikhaliphe yomguli akazange ukuzibonakalisa: abafundi abayi abasabela ekukhanyeni kwaye iingqameko, kwaye ntlungu kwakhona esingenakubangela naliphi na ngayo.

Kwezinye iimeko, isakhono defecation ngokuzithandela kunye ukuchama. Ekuphela ikhaliphe ezikhoyo ngexesha kwikhoma - a ligwinya nokuphefumla. Ukuba kwikhoma ibe sisiphumo ngesibetho ukopha, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukufa kwenzeka kwiintsuku 1-2, ngenxa ngenxa nokudumba lobuchopho.

Ngokubanzi, ingozi yokufa yaligqiba phambi zinto zilandelayo:

- inkqubo esisigxina ukufa iiseli zengqondo;

- ubudala isigulane lingaphaya uphawu engama-70;

- aqaqambayo omzimba kumekaka iintsuku ezingaphezu kwe 2-3;

- akukho mpendulo unyango, indlela iintlungu kunye nesandi;

- isiqaqa ziye zenzeke ngexesha stroke yesibini.

Ukuze wenze ALS luchaneke kakhulu, oogqirha ngokuqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha kwaye ngemagnethi ekuvakaleni kwelizwi Itomography. iimvavanyo zegazi nako kungaluncedo kakhulu kwinkqubo diagnostic.

Brain stroke: unyango

Into yokuqala onokwenziwa esibhedlele emva kokuba isigulane sele zinikelwe, uxinzelelo lwegazi esezantsi, qhagamshela umguli ukuba baphefumla nokunyusa ithombo legazi. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuba uncedo onjalo kwiiyure ezintathu zokuqala emva kokubetha yenzekile.

Ukuze ukubuyisela inkqubo lwaye lwenziwa nanjengoko nangobuchule kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kuyimfuneko ukubeka isigulane kwiziko yesiqhelo. Ikhondo kakhulu recovery unokuthatha ukusuka kwinyanga enye ukuya kwiminyaka emibini. Ukuba enjalo ilandela stroke kwengqondo olubanzi. Izimvo izalamane ezininzi izigulane abachatshazelwa sesi sifo, kuqinisekiswa yi kukuba oko kuyimfuneko Tune kwi ukuya kwithuba elide kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye nokhathalelo nomonde. ndlela kuphela ukuphumeza ukubuyela ukuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

amanyathelo ngexesha likaxakeka

unyango olungxamisekileyo ingabhekiswa kwi ekulungiseni izinga lentliziyo kunye yokuphefumla, neutralization nokudumba ingqondo, kuqheleke uxinzelelo lwegazi, unyango unditsho, silwe ukuphazamiseka homeostasis, ifiva, ukugabha, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezithi zophendlo lwezifo. Kulo mzekelo, inkqubo ungaphila ukuze ingafani.

Ukuba une ukujongana ngokubethwa kobuchopho, kudla eyenziwa unyango thrombolytic, kwaye imithi lokuhlambulula igazi. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba awunako ukunqanda ukopha inxaxheba ingqondo, operation ingqondo.

Kwimo lunokwenzeka kwaye ekhaya, kodwa zonke izenzo kufuneka ihambelane ugqirha. Ngokuphathelele iinkqubo ekufuneka yenziwe ngeli xesha, nalu uluhlu kubo:

- Reflexology;

- magnetic;

- umbane;

- massage.

ukuvimbela

Kubalulekile ukuba ukulibala malunga nezenzo eziye nefuthe zothintelo, ekubeni ukwenzakala ebuchotsheni ngokuphindaphindiweyo Ungashiya akusayi ithuba achache. Ukuthintela kwanda, kuyimfuneko ukuba ulandele imigaqo olungqiniweyo:

- umzimba njalo;

- inani Ubuncinane kwiimeko ezibangela;

- ukulahlwa epheleleyo nemikhwa emibi;

- ukusetyenziswa rhoqo lwamachiza nxamnye lwegazi, apho ugqirha ubhalisiwe;

- lokudla ekunene ngaphandle ukutya okunamafutha eziyingozi;

- ukulawula umzimba.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, ukuba kukho ingxaki ezifana stroke, iziphumo, amathuba okuphila kunye noqikelelo ngokubanzi ayikwazi ukuxutywa. A lot kuxhomekeke uncedo lonyango abaqeqeshiweyo kuya kubonelelwa ngayo ngokukhawuleza, kwakunye nezinye izinto ezininzi (imo yempilo, njengoko enjalo, ubudala, njalo njalo).