I-Monotheism yi ... Inkcazo, ingqiqo

Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe nge-monotheism njengento ebonakalayo kwinkcubeko yehlabathi kunye nembali yoluntu, umntu makaqonde intsingiselo ekhoyo yeli gama. Etymologically, igama libuyela kwisiGrike. Isiseko sokuqala - i-monos - ithetha "ubunye." Iyesibini - i-theos - ixhomekeke kwisiLatini. Lihunyushwe ngokuthi "uthixo." Ngaloo ndlela, i-monotheism inguqulelo yelona "i-monotheism".

Ukuba kukho i-mono-, kufuneka kubekho i-poly-

Ngokucacileyo, ngokwenene, ukholo lomntu omnye luchasene nezinto ezikhoyo. Ukuba ujika kwimbali, uyabona ukuba amaGrike asendulo ayenabo bonke oothixo. Ienkolelo zakwaSlavic zibonisa ukuba ubukho beDashdbog, Makosh, Veles kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Kwimeko efanayo kubonakala kumaRoma, owathi athetha ixesha elithile lenkqubo yeenkolelo kwiinkcubeko zesiGrike.

Ukuba i-monotheism iyinkolelo kumntu oyedwa, ngoko ukuthanda inkolo kungabonakala ngokunqula uninzi lwezinto eziphakamileyo, ezinengcamango ebini okanye olinganayo.

Ngaba le yinto ephambili?

Ezinye izazi zefilosofi kunye neengcali kwiinkonzo zehlabathi zithi i-monotheism, inkcazo ecacileyo egameni layo, ikhona kwimbali yoluntu ixesha elide ngaphambi kobuhedeni-i-polytheism. Le ngcamango ayinakubizwa ngokuba yinto esemthethweni, kuba uhlobo lwama-monotheism ngokwawo luphikisana nemithetho yophuhliso loluntu.

Ukuba ulandela ukuguqulwa kwemibono yabantu kumandla aphezulu, unokubona ukuba ekuqaleni kwendima yayo yayinemicimbi ehlukahlukeneyo yendalo: umoya, isiphepho, ilanga njalonjalo. Kungokwemvelo ukuba indoda engazange ikwazi ukumelana negunya lehlabathi elikumzungezile yamenza. Ngaloo ndlela inkcubeko yaseSlavic yabonakala Yarilo, ePerun nabanye abaninzi. AmaGrike abonakala ngoZeyus, uHera, uDemeter nabanye. Ukuqwalasela oku, kunokuthi i-monotheism - inkolo engakumbi ngamabomu kunye ne-anthropocentric - yayingenakuvela phambi kokunqula i-polytheism.

Iintlobo zeenkolo zonqulo

Ukuba uhlolisisa iintlobo zeenkolelo eziqhelekileyo, unokubona ukuba abantu abaninzi banokuzibophezela kwi-monotheism. Kumahlu lweenkolo zehlabathi iindawo eziphambili zijoliswe kwi-monotheistic. Okokuqala, oku kukuthi, ngokobuKristu. Abaxolisi bangavumelani, kuba kule ngcamango kubakho ubuncinane izifundo ezintathu: uyise, unyana kunye nomoya oyingcwele. Ukuba siphendulela kwisicatshulwa seZibhalo, zonke ezi zinto zintathu zikaThixo. I-Islam nayo inkolo yonqulo, njengeSikhism, isiYuda kunye nabanye abaninzi.

I-Monotheism iyinkolelo enokwenene, kwaye umntu wamanje unengqiqo ngakumbi kunokuba yi-polytheism. Okokuqala, oku kudibene nombutho woluntu, ulawulo lwayo. Kwimimandla yanamhlanje phezu kwabantu kukho omnye umzekelo ophezulu: umlawuli, umongameli okanye ummeli wentsapho yasebukhosini. Ngendlela, isinyathelo sokuqala sokusungulwa kwe-monotheism yenza, ngokungaqhelekanga, amaYiputa, awamkela uFaro njengothixo emhlabeni.

Ingcamango yokujonga ifilosofi

Enyanisweni, yonke imfundiso yefilosofi, yonke ingcamango, enye indlela ivela kumbuzo wenkolo. Ukususela mandulo, ingxaki yokuba khona kwesiqalo sikaThixo iye yahlala kwenye yezona zikhundla eziphambili zemisebenzi. Ukuba sicinga ngokuthe ngqo kwi-monotheism, kwifilosofi yaba yinkalo ngokukhethekileyo ngexesha lama-Middle Ages, kuba bekukuphela kweli xesha eli lixesha lokutsalwa kwenkolo kuluntu.

Ngokubhekiselele kwimibono ethile, u- Pierre Abelard, umzekelo, wathi zonke izinto zakhiwa uThixo, kuquka ifilosofi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba igama elithi "unkulunkulu" kulo mzekelo lisetyenziswe kwiyodwa. Kwiimfundiso zakhe zathintela unkulunkulu omnye (abstract) kunye noBenedikt Spinoza, owathi ihlabathi lonke likhona ngenxa yefuthe lenkampani ethile.

Nangona uFriedrich Nietzsche, umbhali wencwadi eyaziwayo ngokufa kukaThixo, sele eselithi ingcamango yombono kunye nenyaniso yokwakheka kwakhe.

I-Monotheism kwiimeko zonqulo zehlabathi

Nangona kukho ukungafani kwiimfundiso zehlabathi, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho ukufana okuninzi kuzo. Ngona i-monotheism ngokwayo yinto efanayo phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. U-Allah, uYesu, uYehova-bonke, ukuba benza uphando, bafana omnye komnye. KumaSikhism, apho kubonakala ngathi oothixo babini ngokukhawuleza - uNirgun noSargun, yonke into ekugqibeleni isondela kumzekelo oyimodeli. Inyaniso kukuba uothixo wamaSikh, owenziwe kuwo wonke umntu, ulawulo olufanayo lwe-Absolute kwihlabathi.

I-Monotheism, ifilosofi yayo ilula njengoko kunokwenzeka ngecala elinye kwaye lincomekisayo ngokukodwa kolunye, kuba umntu wamhlanje umzekelo wodwa owamkelekileyo. Oku kubangelwa kukugqithiseka kwaloo mini: uluntu ulunqobe le miba, akusafuneki ukuyiqinisa, ngokufanelekileyo, kwiintlanga-nto ayifanelekile.