"I-Green Revolution" neziphumo zayo

Ingxaki yokubonelela ukutya kumazwe ngokwaneleyo, bazigqwethele kokwabo ukutshabalala, kuzise kule mini, kwakungekho izolo. Imizamo ukusombulula yayo wakha yenziwa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Kule 40 zenkulungwane yama-20 e-Latin America baqalisa inguqu eziya kukhokelela izivuno eziphezulu, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukuba la mazwe ukuvelisa iimveliso ngokwaneleyo zolimo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno abemi balo. Ezi utshintshwano zibizwa ngokuba 'revolution green ". Eneneni, kukho iinguqu ezibalulekileyo apho. Baba okulungileyo okanye mandundu ngakumbi imeko lwamazwe abasweleyo? Kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Igama elithi "revolution green" lalisetyenziswa kuqala ngo-1968 ngu V. Gaudio, uMlawuli we-US Agency for International Development. Eli binzana wachaza sele ukubona utshintsho ebalulekileyo kwezolimo of Mexico and Asia. Kwaye baqala kunye nenkqubo zokuphelisa 1940 yokuqala, i-Government of Mexico kunye Rockefeller Foundation.

imisebenzi ephambili

Inkqubo yophuhliso lwezolimo kumazwe ezifuna ukutya iinjongo eziphambili ezichazwe zezi zilandelayo:

• uphuhliso kwiintlobo ezintsha kunye nezivuno eziphezulu ukuba ukumelana neziganeko zemozulu izitshabalalisi kunye;
• Development kunye nokuphuculwa kweenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela;
• ukwanda ukusetyenziswa zinambuzane nezichumiso chemical kunye nezixhobo zezolimo mihla.

I 'revolution green "linxulunyaniswa igama American ingcali yenzululwazi, zazifumanayo ngo 1970 ibhaso le-Nobel ngegalelo lakhe ekusombululeni ingxaki ukutya. Le Norman Ernest Borlaug. Yena wayenza ngotyetyiso ezintsha ingqolowa ukususela ekuqaleni iinkqubo zolimo omtsha eMexico. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe yafunyanwa grade ukumelana yokuhlala isiqu elifutshane, kunye nongeniselo kweli lizwe banda izihlandlo-3 kule minyaka ili-15 yokuqala.

amava Kamva xa ukhulayo kwiintlobo omtsha phezu kwamanye amazwe e Latin America, India, amazwe Asia, Pakistan. Borlaug, owathi yena ukuba 'besondla ihlabathi ", wasiwa Inkqubo International yeNgqolowa Improvement, kamva ke wenza njengomcebisi waza wakhokelela nokufundisa.

Ethetha iinguqu wenza i "revolution green", yena emi umthombo Scientist yayo wathi olu loyiso yethutyana nje kuphela, kwaye othathwa njengokuba iingxaki malunga nokuphunyezwa kwe kukwanda kweenkqubo imveliso yokutya ehlabathini, kwakunye umonakalo sobala kwindalo esingqongileyo emhlabeni.

I 'revolution eluhlaza "kunye neziphumo zawo

Zaba yintoni iziphumo iinguqu, yathatha amashumi eziliqela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi? Ezinye izibalo. Kukho ubungqina bokuba inani calories kwi ekutyeni imihla yabantu kumazwe asakhasayo landa nge-25%, kwaye abaninzi bathi oku kwabo impumelelo ukuba wenza i "revolution green". Esi sisiphumo kumazwe ezintsha kunye nokwanda izivuno irayisi kunye namasimi ingqolowa sele ziphuhlisiwe kumazwe-15. 41 iintlobo entsha ingqolowa leyo ifunyenwe. Ngokwandisa ndawo yomhlaba ezityaliweyo ukwanda 10-15% isivuno yaba 50-74%. Noko ke, ukuguquka Oku alichatshazelwa amazwe abasweleyo-Afrika, kuquka ngenxa yokungabikho zophuhliso iziseko zoncedo zasekhaya.

Le embi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ifuthe biosphere. Imikhondo ichiza ixesha elide umlomo DDT zisafumaneka Antarctica. Nitrogen isichumiso kwaba umonakalo elibalulekileyo kwimihlaba kunye nokusetyenziswa ngaphantsi olumandla amasimi kwakhokelela ekubeni komzimba yabo phantse ngokupheleleyo. ufakelo nokubhala kunye nokulondolozwa kweenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ziye zakhokelela ukuba ungcoliseko yamanzi kumphezulu. Namhlanje, ngumthombo kuphuhliso olungaphezulu kolu lwalathiso Oku ngamandla, yaye ngenxa yoko ke ubuzaza ingxaki yokutya kuya kukhula kuphela.

Kwakhona, kuye kwathethwa ngayo yintoni ngokwenene ngenxa i 'revolution green "amazwe asaphuhlayo aye waba uhlobo ngamathanga ukutya. Inqanaba kophuhliso lwezolimo kumakhaya zabucala lisephantsi, kwaye abalimi abaninzi zabucala baye balahlekelwa indawo yabo otyebileyo. Kuhleli kukho umbuzo evulekileyo kunye nefuthe GM zokutya empilweni yabantu.