Feed ingca: nezenxina, i-, ilusini, clover elithozamisayo beebhokhwe. Iipropati eziluncedo, ukulima

zengca ezidla Annual okanye ingaphelelwayo - izityalo ezixabisekileyo ukuba ezikhuliswa ukondla izilwanyana. Lubonakala isivuno esihle, ixabiso lesondlo kwaye indima ebaluleke kakhulu yaye ubhetyebhetye ekuqiniseni isiseko wefula. Akhule nabo ukudla eluhlaza, silage, haylage, hay, isidlo ingca kwaye nenkcubeko amadlelo.

Ingca ezidla - ukudla okubalulekile kuba iqulathe iproteni, iikhabhohayidrethi, ifayibha kunye neevithamini ezahlukeneyo kunye neetyuwa kubalulekile kakhulu kuphuhliso eqhelekileyo kunye nokukhula kwezilwanyana. ixabiso layo koqoqosho luxhomekeke isondlo, imveliso, Ubumandi imfuyo, kwakunye nokwanda kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo.

Iintlobo zengca ezidla

Kwilizwe lethu ilinywe iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-80 le nkcubeko, kwaye kukho malunga 5000 amazwe zendalo.

Yonke zefula ingca bohlulwa babe ngamaqela 4:

• iimbotyi;
• cereals;
• sedge;
• forbs.

Kuba ubude ubomi wefula ingca kunokuba annuals kunye Perennials.

Usapho kwezidumba

Bean ezidla ingca kumazwe ezidla kwilizwe lethu ifumaneka ngemali encinane, kodwa a iipropati ezithile eliphezulu feed: inkcubeko utyebile protein obuncamisileyo kutyiwa zizilwanyana. Kunayo yonke lekhasi (abomvu, namhlophe, epinki), Lotus corniculatus, ilusini, omthubi, engcotyeni, njl isikhundla.

Usapho zengca

Eli qela isagquba phantse kuzo zonke iindawo (ngaphandle koozintlango) kwaye inikeza iindlela ezininzi yesityalo yedlelo ezidla okanye hay (rhoqo ukuya kwi 80-90%). Uninzi okuziinkozo babe nesidima eliphezulu wayelukhuni, ingakumbi xa imeko babo. Ngexesha senouborki ngexesha iyoma ezi amakhambi ezigcinwe kakuhle amagqabi, ezo amalungu zexabiso. Okuziinkozo kunayo yonke ezifana iintsiba, quackgrass, Ostrets et al.

aphe ingca Sedge

Kweli qela womfuno ziquka izityalo zezindlu Cyperaceae kunye Juncaceae. Ezi amasiko zithathwa ukuba kuba naxabiso kwisicwangciso feed, yaye kunokuba kakubi kudliwa zizilwanyana, kodwa kwiingingqi kumntla lommandla yehlathi badla zibumba ubuninzi hay (sedge amanzi, Carex mncane, kunye nabanye). Kwaye entlango, semi-entlango, sedges amaninzi isityalo ezixabisekileyo ukudla.

ingca motley

Eli qela kuquka zonke ezinye usapho izityalo zezityalo. Iintlobo zengca - ezidla ingca engcotyeni, nto leyo maxa wambi ukuya ku 60-70% le yokuma. Inxalenye ephambili kubo kubaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho. Plants eli qela okunesondlo ngaphezu okuziinkozo, kodwa inkoliso yabo kakhulu ngaphantsi ezityiwa izilwanyana ngenxa ukrakra incasa, thorniness, pubescence kunye nabanye. Zengca isiqulatho Small (cuff, edandelion, ikumin, njl) Xa ukuma (20%) - enqwenelekayo ukusebenzisa kuba ukwakheka izimbiwa kuphucula Ubumandi kwalusa iinkomo zakhe.

Inani elikhulu womfuno ukuba iqela ekusetyenzisweni ingca hay ayinqweneleki kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba:

• oku kuthatha indawo legumes ezixabisekileyo ngakumbi kunye nokutya okuziinkozo;
• phakathi zengca ndafumana ukhula (bindweed entsimini, iipali omthubi kunye nabanye.) kunye ityhefu (buttercup enobuhlungu, hellebore, milestones aconite esinetyhefu nabanye.) izityalo.

Yalusa zengca zonyaka

Le peculiarity of ezidla yonyaka zengca ukuba umjikelo lwabo uphuhliso lugqitywe phakathi konyaka, baze bafe. Zihlwayeleleni, ukuba uhlaza ekondleni, silage, kwakunye nokubonelela ifidi wamandla. iintlobo zengca yonyaka ukunika izivuno eziphezulu mass eluhlaza, babe ixabiso eliphezulu lesondlo, ndakuzuza ithuba lokukhula elifutshane.

Ngenxa yokuba izityalo Ukuchetywa ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngowama-50-60 iintsuku, ezi iinkcubeko azohlukaniswa izityalo intermediate, xa isibini ephithizelayo.

iintlobo zengca yonyaka zahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini:

• iimbotyi;
• bluegrass (cereals).

imidumba yonyaka izityalo ezidla ifakwa entlakohlaza ekuqaleni. Izityalo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo - entwasahlobo ukutya ebusika, irenki, zefula lupine, ornithopus.

zengca cereal ezi annuals ngakumbi ubushushu-onothando, ukuba Ubutyelwe entsimini kakuhle shushu ukuze ekuhlwayeleni izityalo kwentwasahlobo. Ezibaluleke kakhulu zezi: Sudan ingca, yidyudyu, amazimba, ngca yonyaka, amazimba eSiberia, perile amazimba kunye nabanye.

zengca ezidla angehli

Angehli ezidla ingca - zokutyala izityalo herbaceous, iminyaka yobomi apho ngaphezu konyaka omnye. Ngaba ezikhuliswa ukondla izilwanyana.

Isithethe iquka iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-50 yezityalo. Ziye ke uhlwayelwe kakhulu ngalo ngohlobo kwimixube ingca, leyo kunempembelelo entle umgangatho ezidla nokuchuma komhlaba. Zihlwayeleleni, izityalo qwa kunye nokudala amadlelo ezityaliweyo yi crop rotation.

Kunyaka wabo wokuqala bezelwe, ingca ingaphelelwayo abaphuhlisa kakhulu kancinci, kukhule ukhula kwaye ukuvelisa izivuno ezisezantsi. Ngako oko ke, kucetyiswa emva kokuba kutyalwe okuziinkozo okanye izityalo kumqolo umanyolo umgquba okanye emhlabeni.

zengca ingaphelelwayo kunye nokutya zihlukaniswe:

• Ihlola (ingca). Eyona ziqhelekileyo: Timoti, brome, ngca unyaka wonke, ingca ingqolowa, ngca ende, Kentucky bluegrass, ngca mnogoukosny, wheatgrass neyi, libhoma ingca, bentgrass emhlophe, kunye fescue ebomvu, foxtail kunye nabanye.
• Imidumba: ilusini, i- emhlophe, i- ebomvu, clover pink, sainfoin, Lotus corniculatus.

Ukudala imfuno ingca elinemveliso kakhulu ukuba ukuthotyelwa okunyanzelekileyo kunye nezenzo eziphambili kwezolimo inkcubeko zokuvuna.

yeConfederations bebhokhwe

Kozljatnika inxulumene imifuno ongatshiyo yentsapho kwezidumba. Isiqu aqonde branched, ngokuqhelekileyo oko ufikelela umphakamo-1 m, kwaye imihlaba echumayo unako ukuba akhule ukuya ku 1.5 m. Le nkqubo iingcambu na uhlobo intonga, iyantshula kunye 80 cm ubunzulu. Kwi ingcambu engundoqo inani sazala. Okokuqala, ziba inqamleze ukuya 30 cm uze kuntshula ze zenze ezintsha neziqu.

Ushiya imparipinnate rose, izityalo, ukuya kwi-30 cm.

nokwayo yebhokhwe - ezidla ingca kunye Violet sakuba okanye iintyatyambo blue ezikhangeleka ngathi iintsimbi, ezo iqokelelwe yokudubula-ibrashi. On stem nganye apho kuyilwa lamaqhosha 3-5. Fruiting kwenzeka ngoSeptemba nango-Oktobha. Iimbotyi ubungakanani obuncinane (2-4 cm elide),-orenji emnyama, phantse omdaka, 3-7 ngo imbewu yeziqhamo. nokwayo yebhokhwe ibe ukukhula kunokuba kade, kwaye ukuba akukho de ekwindla ikhula-20 cm ngobude, kuba isikakhulu workpiece idluliselwa ukuya kunyaka olandelayo.

Imbewu bayakwazi ukugcina umgangatho ukuntshula ukuya kwiminyaka-8.

nokwayo webhokhwe izityalo iqabaka-enganyangekiyo kakhulu ukuba bangamelana kakuhle nokuba ntolovelo ezinzima kakhulu.

2 eyaziwa iintlobo zesi sityalo oriental nezenxina webhokhwe (imifuno kwezilwanyana) nokunyanga.

imicinga yonyaka

izityalo ezidla ezibaluleke kakhulu, enika umxhesho elungileyo eluhlaza kunye hay. Ubunzima eluhlaza iqulethe 3.2% protein, 2.3% protein, 8% ifayibha zokutya. Yakhe idliwe ngentumekelelo zinkomo, ukongeza, kuba ukudla elungileyo iintaka zasekhaya. Yonyaka kuzo imicinga hay bondle hay akukho kuthathelwe yokothuka, Sudan ingca kunye nezinye izityalo cereal. Izilwanyana ezitya kakuhle kunye nengca. izivuno yoNyaka hay - malunga 7-8 t / ha of mass eluhlaza - ukuya 20-30 t / ha, imbewu - 0.5-0.6 t / ha.

imicinga yonyaka otavnost phezulu, ngexesha lokukhula onika 2-3 kokusikelwa. Emva kokuba Ukuchetywa yesibini ikhula wokuya zingasetyenziswa njenge emadlelweni ukudla kwada ukuwa kade, ekubeni uyazinyamezela kuneqabaka ukuwa minor.

melilot

Le imidumba yonyaka okanye ebakho nabalulamileyo, ukukwazi ngakumbi abahlupheke kakhulu, oyisanti, ezilulwalwa nodongwe emihlabeni, ngokunjalo kwezo ndawo apho kungekho wangaphezulu. clover izityalo akoyiki ye-saline nemihlaba obrak, kodwa hayi nawaphi imigxobhozo emuncu nomhlaba uveza enzima, kunye kufutshane kwetafile yamanzi. Inkqubo iingcambu yomelele kwaye ziphuhliswe kakuhle, ngoko eli imifuno kunganika isivuno esihle kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu apho ezinye izityalo ezidla zivutha. Xa ngokwaneleyo lokuvuna imvula mass eluhlaza unako ukufikelela ukuya kwiitoni 8.7 / ngehektare nganye.

isityalo lekhasi lisetyenziswa ngempumelelo kuphela ukutya kodwa umgquba oluhlaza.

Imbewu isiqhuma kubushushu of ukusuka ku-2 ukuya ku-50 ° C, Namagatya unako ukumelana ukuqanda -6 ...- 5 ° C, yaye kubanda-enganyangekiyo ingaphelelwayo ezinye iintlobo yiqabaka Ungoyiki ukuya ku-40 ° C.

clover Bumnandi iphezulu-protein wefula yezityalo ezixabisekileyo, nto leyo bondle kunguhata iclover, ilusini kunye sainfoin. Kunjalo nje zifumaneka emakriweni, amaqashiso ezingenabantu, roadsides.

Kuyinto emelana neembalela, abandayo-ukumelana kwaye ukumelana nezifo izityalo kunye izitshabalalisi ezifanelekileyo uhlaza, silage hay. Ngaba indevu imixube zombini, kwakunye yabo.

clover emhlophe

Ekhula kakuhle oyisanti, osisivunda wavuma imihlaba emuncu okanye cala. Kunyaka wokuqala yengca (clover) uyakwazi iintyatyambo kunye ukuvelisa imbewu. Ngomnyaka wesibini wobomi iza uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo. Kwenye indawo enye akhule ukuya kwiminyaka 9-10.

Ingca (clover), ukufuma kunye ilanga-bothando, iqabaka enganyangekiyo. Kungcono ikhule kwiindawo sezulu omanzi cool, apho kungekho imbalela.

Ukuhlwayela lekhasi emhlophe i izityalo ezidla elihle eziqulathe eninzi protein. iinkomo Pritaptyvanie xa amadlelo akuthethi zinqanda isityalo, phezu koko, oko kwenza ukuba ukwanda engcono. Ngokutyala imidumba ephucula ukuchuma komhlaba. uquko kwi ekwakhiweni kunye kwimixube ingca uTimoti, ngca kunye nezinye izityalo kuphucula feed umgangatho kwidlelo utyani - ukwanda protein, phosphorus, nenqatha, calcium, potassium, kwaye kunciphise nefayibha. Isivuno mass eluhlaza basike - malunga 60-120 kg / ha, hay malunga 18-35 kg / ha, nembewu 3.0-5.0 t / ha.

ilusini

Le angehli imidumba utyani ukudla. Used zombini njengoko ukudla uhlaza, kwakunye nokufumana hay ekumgangatho ophezulu. imbewu ilusini nazo zisetyenziselwa iinjongo amayeza. Inkcubeko iphucula ubume bomhlaba, kwakunye lomhlaba nitrogen-zizityebi, ukutshabalalisa ukhula. Ebonakala ukumelana eliphezulu nembalela kunye hardiness ebusika. Xa mifuno ozakuba ukuya kwiminyaka eli-10 okanye ngaphezulu. Emva kukucheba sikhula kancinci.

Le isityalo ukhetha ukondla umhlaba omnyama, ihlathi-emathafeni obambe, umgquba kunye nemihlaba brown engwevu kunye nezinye umhlaba ekalika-rich. Ilusini likhula kakuhle kwimihlaba ngodongwe amanzi kwaye inzima.

Esi sityalo iqulethe eninzi iivithamini kunye protini. Oku kugaywe kakuhle ezitya utyani. Imbewu ilusini kuhlwayelwa zombini ekwimo esulungekileyo kunye admixture.