I Federation Council of yoWiso-Federal ye-Russian Federation: ukuyilwa, ukwakhiwa, amagunya

Phantse wonke amazwe apho kukho epalamente, yahlulelwe kwii amagumbi amabini. Le uqwalaselo - indlela elula ukudala inkqubo checks and balances. Ukuba elinye egumbini uthambekele radicalism, omnye ukuvimbela izigqibo zayo okanye ukutshintsha imithetho ukwenza ukuba amkeleke kwaye luyasebenza. Loo isixhobo wazalelwa kwi-West yaye yathathwa eRashiya yanamhlanje. I Federation Council of yoWiso-Federal of the Russian Federation - yindlu ephezulu yePalamente (i-Duma State uphantsi).

Seat

liyavela, edulusele endlwini kwi kwipalamente Russian ngo-1990. Noko ke, kwase kweBhunga Federation kwafuneka ingako yakwenza naye, yaye imveliso karhulumente eSoviet. Oko konke kwatshintsha ngo-1993 xa lizwe lasungula siseko omtsha. Ngokutsho kuyo, yaye yasekwa liBhunga Federation weNdlu yoWiso-Federal ye-Russian Federation. Ubume iPalamente equlethwe kwiSiqendu 95 yomthetho esisiseko ye-Russian Federation.

Phakathi kwamagumbi amabini eNdibano Federal kukho umahluko esisiseko ukuze yabo ukubunjwa kunye nobuchule. IBhunga wanikwa inkululeko amagunya kakhulu, nto leyo lifumene kuye newonga isiseko obalulekileyo karhulumente. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, lo mzimba elikholisa ukubizwa yi iNdlu Yeengwevu kunye namalungu ayo - eNdlu yeeNgwevu. Oku kunokubonwa kule ndima sesikweni, yaye iintetho, amagosa karhulumente kunye namagosa ezingundoqo kweli lizwe.

amandla

Wide Federation Council amagunya ye-Russian Federation echazwe ngokupheleleyo kwi-siseko Russian. Indlu ephezulu ingalukhaba okanye ukuvumela nawuphi na umthetho opasiswe phambi kokuba State Duma.

La maxwebhu zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela. Oku ikakhulu imithetho yase. Amagunya eBhunga Federation abantu abanjalo ukuba diverge kwi kwivoti yesininzi njengesiqhelo zemathematika okanye ukusilela nje kwisithuba seentsuku ezili-14. Kwangaxeshanye, ubume eminye imithetho a priori kwenza inyanzelekile ukuba ukuya kule eNdlu yeeNgwevu. Kulo mzekelo, awusebenzi indlela indiva xwebhu.

wokuzibandakanya

Ngaba kufuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe yeBhunga Federation, imithetho-mali federal, iirhafu yase kanye nemirhumo, mali, ityala, imali kunye nemimiselo namasiko. Kwakhona, eli qela ibandakanya imibuzo emfazwe kunye noxolo, nokhuselo kunye nobume umda karhulumente kulo, ukusola enazo zezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, ekugqibeleni, umba imali.

Ukuba iBhunga Federation leNdlu yoWiso-Federal emkholisayo umthetho, iphepha iya ngumongameli ukuze zisayinwe. 112 iivoti (ezimbini kwezintathu eNdlu yeeNgwevu) ukoyisa ivitho kamongameli, kwaye iivoti 126 (kwiikota ezintathu eNdlu yeeNgwevu) kukholiswa imithetho izilungiso siseko kunye nemithetho-siseko yase.

indawo ekuyiwa kuyo

-Isibini esithathwini seevoti iBhunga Federation angaligxotha nomongameli endaweni yakhe. ENdlu yeeNgwevu oqeshwe iijaji zeNkundla Ephakamileyo, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, Supreme Court yoLamlo kwaye amalungu Elawulayo yeNkundla Ephakamileyo. Ukongeza, iBhunga Federation leNdlu yoWiso-Federal isigqibo ngubani oya kuthatha isithuba noMtshutshisi Jikelele kunye neerhuluneli bakhe. Indlu ephezulu bepalamente umisela abameli ababini kwiBhunga Banking National. Icacisa Accounting Chamber abaphicothi kunye nosekela-sihlalo yayo.

Izidumbu zeBhunga Federation uya kumisela ilungu sesithathu CEC - Central Election Commission, elawula inkqubo yonyulo kweli lizwe. Njengoko ukuba ngubani oza kuba ngomnye wamalungu eBhodi ye-Federal Commission, tracking imarike izibambiso. Abameli weSenethi amalungu beNkonzo kaRhulumente phantsi kweBhunga uMongameli Russian kaThixo.

nezinye iimpawu

Inegunya kwaye akazalani kwindawo lowo iBhunga Federation. UMgaqo-siseko uthi ukuba ubanga imida ezintsha phakathi Izifundo Russian Federation, kwaye umthetho umongameli bexela imo yonxunguphalo okanye ngamajoni. Egumbini eliphezulu imisela umhla ukhetho.

Federation Council (usihlalo Federation kwiBhunga yeeNgwevu) unelungelo lokusebenza kwiintlanganiso ezabo indlela yabo. Bona amaxesha 1-2 ngenyanga nganye ngethuba elisusela kwi-Oktobha ukuya kuJulayi. Iintlanganiso angaba engaqhelekanga ukuba uMongameli wamkela isiphakamiso iNkulumbuso, urhulumente, isihlanu amalungu eBhunga Federation, okanye eRussia mmandla. Ikoram kufuna ubukho nesiqingatha samalungu endlu eliphezulu epalamente. Ukuba-50% ekufikelelwa, intlanganiso kuthatyathwa ayifanelekile. Njengoko umthetho, iBhunga Federation esebenza kwimo evulekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ibonelelwa imimiselo, indlela masivalwe.

Okona kuphambili umsebenzi

INdlu Yeengwevu uye imisebenzi ephambili ethile. Eyokuqala ithathwa umyalezo kaMongameli kwiNdibano Federal kunye nonyango yayo. Okulandelayo ke izilungiso kuMgaqo-siseko, uyilo imithetho-siseko nokazwelonke. Ezinye zazo ukuze ubume lwaxhomekeka kwiziphumo zohlaziyo enyanzelekileyo. Okwesithathu Uthumela izicelo neziphakamiso kule ukulandelelana kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko. Le yamva ithathwa wamkelwe nguRhulumente Duma wemithetho Federal ephathelele kwimiba ukusola Ukuqinisekiswa yezizwe ngezizwe.

Iintlanganiso Federation Council zibanjwa ngokomthetho. Ngaba amalunga kuba nethuba lokuthetha ne co-ingxelo, ingxelo igama lokugqibela. Kananjalo banelungelo inxaxheba kwingxoxo, ukwenza iingxelo nezibheno.

Umyalelo wesiseko

Njengoko umthetho yeBhunga Federation, oko kuphunyelelwa ngabameli ezimbini ukusuka mxholo Russian Federation. Enye ipalamente lasekuhlaleni, enye - yesigqeba. Term nayiphi Senator - iminyaka emibini. Ukubunjwa weBhunga Federation litshintsha ngcembe kunye ukutshintsha kwamandla kwimimandla.

Ngokutsho imimiselo, amalungu, edulusele endlwini epalamente oyithandayo nezifo. Abakwazi kubanjwa criminally kwaye imisebenzi yezolawulo noxanduva ngokuveza kwizikhundla zabo nezimvo ivoti. I Federation IBhunga yakhiwe kwaye kwasekwa kumgaqo non-partisanship. Amalungu ayo musa ukwenza imibutho okanye amaqhezu, njengoko kulisiko kwi State Duma.

Ithuba lokuba sesikhundleni leBhunga Federation liphela engenaso kangako. Mu kuya kwa nshita kaRhulumente Duma of ubume kulo mzimba ufunyenwe i "ujikeleziso ethambileyo". Oku kuthetha ukuba ixesha le-ofisi nganye amalungu ayo kumiselwa ngugunyaziwe yommandla. UMgaqo-siseko ubonelela ngokuba amathuba ezintathu kuphela apho Duma kaRhulumente kunye Federation Council of Russia kunye. Le ngxoxo ijongene iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, umongameli we imiyalezo kunye neentetho eentloko amazwe karhulumente. Ngokubanzi, kwigumbi ngalinye ibambelela kumgaqo noninterference kwimibandela komnye.

isakhiwo

I Federation Council of kwamalungu 170. Zahlula-hlulwe iikomiti (uKhuselo neMicimbi noKhuseleko, yezeeJaji neMicimbi zezoMthetho loMgaqo-mthetho, kwi-nkqubo yerhafu, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ulawulo lwezimali, njalo njalo. D.). Enye iiyunithi elijongene nkqubo lwentlalo. Okunye nokulawula ubudlelwane impahla kunye nohlaziyo kwezoqoqosho. Okokugqibela, kukho ikomiti malunga nemicimbi ico kunye nemicimbi ngamazwe. Kwezi amalunga ababandakanyekayo iyantlukwano yenkcubeko, inzululwazi, imfundo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezolimo.

Ikomiti nganye inika ingcebiso kwimiba phantsi kolawulo lwayo. Yenzeka kwakhona kunye nemithetho-ncomo eyilwayo ocetywayo wokungeniswa kuRhulumente Duma. IiKomiti enokw zeengxoxo epalamente. Kwiiyunithi ezinjalo iquka onke amalungu eBhunga Federation, ngaphandle uSihlalo kunye abaliqela abancedisi bakhe. Senator nganye angaba kiso ikomiti enye kuphela, njengenxalenye yazo kufuneka ibe ngabantu-10 ubuncinane. ngokuthi "amacandelo" nokwabiwa kufuneka ivunywe yi-ivoti ngokubanzi (isininzi seevoti).

usihlalo

IBhunga Federation yonganyelwe usihlalo. Ukususela ngo-2011 ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, esi sikhundla ebanjwe Valentina Matvienko. Usihlalo iqashiso amagunya zeziko kunye yesigqeba. Ukhokela intlanganiso umisela imigaqo yangaphakathi yeNdlu, esayinwe izigqibo zayo, yabela imisebenzi phakathi akhe.

Sihlalo kwiKomiti iindleko ipasisiwe kaRhulumente Duma, kwakunye eyilwayo zicetyiwe kuRhulumente Duma. Yena kukhethwa efihlakeleyo yebhalothi. Le candidacy luvunyiwe ngesiqingatha, kunye nelizwi elinye.

Inkqubela kunye nobudlelwane kunye nomongameli

The State Duma, urhulumente Russian, Federation Council kunye nezinye ii-arhente zikarhulumente federal kufuneka basebenze ngazwinye, ngoko ke iBhunga Federation usoloko a ajenda ethile. Oku abunjwe nguSihlalo yaye ezisekelwe kwizindululo zeekomiti kunye iikhomishini egumbini eliphezulu. umba Own kwi-ajenda ukuze ukonyula iqela eNdlu yeeNgwevu labantu ubuncinane-10, kwakunye yeeNgwevu ezimbini emele enye lingumxholo Russian Federation. utshintsho yabo kwimisebenzi ungenza ummeli eyodwa umongameli xa kwiBhunga Federation.

Intloko karhulumente esinxibelelana, edulusele endlwini epalamente, kunye nangezinye iindlela. Ngokwemveli ebalulekileyo umyalezo nguMongameli yonyaka ukuya kwiNdibano Federal. It umntu wokuqala ngokuqulunqa iingxaki ezisisiseko kunye nemingeni elijongene nayo ngurhulumente kwaye ekufuneka isonjululwe kuqala. Umzekelo, kusenokuba mngeni imfuneko wokuhlaziya indlela irhafu kunye zebhanki. Kwimeko enjalo, kwaye Duma uRhulumente kunye neBhunga Federation liya kuqwalasela amanyathelo olucetywayo kaMongameli.

Imbali i

IBhunga lokuqala i Federation uye wasebenza 1994-1996. Yena waba inguqu yaye ke ngoko ibe ngaphandle sele onyulwe ngqo ngabantu, hayi abasemagunyeni kwezi zifundo RF. predstatel yakhe Vladimir Shumeyko.

Council lwesibini Federation kananjalo ukhunjulwa ngokuba "iRhuluneli-njengesithethi." Wahlala ukusuka 1996-2001. Kuye elikhokelwa Yegor Stroyev. A isici esasenza yeBhunga Federation - ukuba yabhalwa neyamabamba kunye abongameli kwizindlu zowiso-mthetho ekuhlaleni. ENdlu yeeNgwevu zange isebenze isiseko engagunyaziswanga kumaxesha ngamaxesha intlanganiso eMoscow.

Ithuba yesithathu lokusekwa weBhunga Federation weza kwi-2002-2012 biennium. Naso xa ekugqibeleni kususa iimpawu zabo lotshintsho, yaye yamkela imilo ozinzileyo oko. USihlalo Federation Council Sergei Mironov, yaye ukususela ngo-2011 - Valentina Matvienko. Indlu wesine aphezulu bepalamente kwasekwa ekupheleni kuka-2012. Isebenza namhlanje. Fomato kwakhona ngenxa nokwamkelwa umthetho omtsha federal kwiBhunga Federation.