I-Diesel particulate filter - yintoni na? Faka, fudula uze ufake indawo yefayile yokucoca

EYurophu, iinjini ze-diesel zibhekwa njengezona zidume kakhulu. Kodwa kwiinjini ze-dizeli, njengepetroli, i-fuel does not burn fully. Ngenxa yoko, izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinobuthi kunye ne- carcinogen zenziwe kwimizi yokukhupha . Ukongezelela, nabo banomsila, kuba i-hydrocarbons ayitshisi ngokupheleleyo. EYurophu kwiminyaka ye-2000, iimeko zendalo-zendalo zenza umgangatho wenqanaba lokukhutshwa komonakalo kwindalo. Oomatshini, ukwenzela ukuba iimveliso zabo zihambelane nale migangatho, zaqala ukufaka ifayile ye- diesel filter . Yintoni le nto kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi abo baqhuba idizili. Namhlanje siya kuzama ukuphendula yonke le mibuzo.

Imisebenzi eyintloko

Ukuze uqondisise kangcono injongo yalezi zixhobo, kuyimfuneko ukuchukumisa isihloko sokukhupha iigesi. Ukubunjwa kwe-automobile exhaust iqulethe izinto ezininzi ezinobuthi kunye ne-carcinogen. Ngoko, i- carbon monoxide, i- hydrocarbons engatshitshisiyo, i-aldehydes, i-oxide i-sulfur oxides, i-tetraethyl inokudala inokulimaza kakhulu kwimeko. Ukongeza, kwinqwelo yokukhupha imoto ye- diesel, ngokukodwa iilori ezinzima kakhulu, isamba esikhulu sesothu iqukethe i-carbon carbon.

Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuxinwa kwale candelo, i-diesel particulate filter icwangciswa ekwakheni imoto yanamhlanje. Iyini le nkcukacha? Into efana ne-catalyst kwinjini ye-petroli.

Indlela okubonakala ngayo

Ngaloo ndlela, le divayisi yenzelwe ukunciphisa i-soot-into eyenziwe ekutshiseni kwe-diesel fuel. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini: kuvaliwe (DPF) kwaye ivalwe ngethuba lokuvuselelwa (FAP).

Kuyo yonke into elula, eqinisweni, ezi ngxenye zeemoto ezihamba ngeemoto zangaphandle zinezixhobo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi inguqulelo, icebo lisixhobo sesimbi. Kukho kukho iibhobho zamagatsha - igalelo kunye neziphumo. Imveliso ixhomekeke kwinkqubo yokucoca igesi yokukhupha.

Into ephambili yecebo lokucoca i-matrix, eyenziwe nge-silicon carbide. Ifakwe kwi-silinda yesinyithi. Isakhiwo salo matrix siselula. Ngokubhekiselele kwicandelo lesiphambano seeseli, eli candelo lidla ngokuba libala. Kodwa iiseli ezinomgangatho octagonal zisebenza ngakumbi.

Ukongeza, icebo ye-injini ye-diesel inezinzwa ezininzi kwi-design. Yisinzwa esithatha ulwahlulo loxinzelelo, kunye ne-input input and output sensor sensor.

Umgaqo wokusebenza

Ubungakanani bendima enye ye-carbon black emalunga ne-0.05 μm. Ngokwemveliso yamakhemikhali, le mveliso ayikho ngaphezu kwekhabhoni eqhelekileyo. Kunzima kakhulu ukugcina la maqhekeza ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo ngenxa yobungakanani bento. Ukubamba i-soot, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa umgaqo wokusasazeka. Ukuze uqonde ukuba i-diesel i-particulate icwecwe yinto efana nani, yintoni uhlobo lwesicatshulwa, kufuneka ukhangele ngaphakathi.

Ngoko, ucwecwe ngaphakathi kungumatrikhi we-ceramic. Olu luhlu olupheleleyo lweethubhu, ngelixa iziphelo zommelwane zivaliwe. Ngaphakathi kweli matrix, ukukhupha igazi zivela kwicala lemoto, nangona kunjalo, xa iigesi zingena kwiibhubhu, azikwazi ukuhamba phambili. Emva koko iindonga zamathubhe zifika emacaleni avulekileyo kwaye ziyakwazi ukuphuma kumatrix. Kwinkqubo yokwahlukana, iincinci ezincinci zihlala ngaphakathi kwefayile, oku kuthetha ukuba yenza umsebenzi walo.

Uphi i-particulate filter

Fumana le nkcukacha akunzima. Uluhlu lwefayile lufuthi lufakwe kwinkqubo yokukhupha imoto. Ngenxa yendlela yokuyila, inxalenye inokufunyanwa phakathi kwe-silencer kunye ne-catalyst. Kwezinye iimeko, ifowuni inokudibaniswa ne-catalyst kwaye ifumaneke ngaphaya kwexesha elide lokukhupha. Kukho ubushushu obuninzi begesi, kwaye icebo elinjalo linomphetho wokucoca.

Imvume yokusebenza

Ukusebenzisa ngokucokisekileyo i-diesel particulate filter, ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu (malunga ne-900 zama-euro), kuyimfuneko ukuyisebenzisa kakuhle imoto. Into leyo kukuba kwinkqubo yokucoca i-gase ye-exhaust, iiseli kunye neethubhu zihlanganiswe ne-soot. Oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kweenjini ze-dizeli.

Umthamo wecebo lokucoca uyancipha kwaye ukunyanzeliswa kwiphumo lokuphuma kwegesi kuphuma. Abakhiqizi abaninzi, ukwenzela ukwandisa ubomi balo mfuyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokutshintshwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, basebenzise i-algorithm ekhethekileyo yokusebenza kwefayile, xa izinga lokuzaliswa lilawulwa. Ukuba ifayile izaliswe ukwenzela ukuba i-injini yamandla ilahleke, kuqaliswa ukuhlengahlengiswa kwefayili.

Izizathu zokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba iifayile zifihliwe. Isizathu esiyinqobo kukumgangatho wepetroli. Xa i-refueling imoto enefuthe elingaphantsi kwexabiso, i-soot enkulu yenziwa - i-filter ye-clock ngokushesha, eyanciphisa ubomi bayo benkonzo.

Esinye isizathu sishushu esaneleyo. Ngoko, i-soot ayitshisi ngokupheleleyo. Into kukuba i-diesel particulate filter. Yintoni le? Akugcini nje ukugcina iinqununu, kodwa kwakhona kugcina ubushushu bokutshisa. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ukuba oku kwenzekayo xa ukufudumala kweegesi zokukhupha kuphezulu kwaye akukho ngaphantsi kwama-degrees Celsius angama-600. Kwizinga elisezantsi, i-soot ayiyi kutshisa.

Phakathi kwezizathu zokunciphisa izinga lokushisa, iigesi nazo zikhutshwa ngandlela-thile. Ezi zizithuthi zendlela, ukuqhuma kweendlela, ukuphulwa kombane. Ngoko, iqondo lokushisa kule nkqubo ayiyi kuphakama ukuba isantya sokunyakaza siphantsi, kwaye ukuhamba kuhamba kunye nokuyeka rhoqo.

Uhlolo lwesimo

Ukuze ukwazi ukubeka iliso kwimeko yenkqubo, indlela yokukhupha injini ye-diesel ifakwe kwisixhobo. Iquka iqondo lokushisa kunye noxinzelelo. Ezi zinto zenza izibonakaliso kwiyunithi yokulawula i-electronic, kwaye inquma ukuba ifayile iyigcwele okanye ayikho. Xa iqela lizaliswe ngokupheleleyo, inkqubo yokucoca iqala.

Indlela yokususa

Ukubuyisela ukusebenza kweenjini ngefayili egciniweyo egcweleyo, kwanele ukusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ezilula eziza kunceda ukuqala ukuzihlanza. Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kungabonakalisa okanye kuyasebenza. Kukho nawuphi na, inqubo iqhutyelwa ngokutshisa i-soot kwaye ikhulula iibhulo kunye neziteshi.

Inkqubo yokuvuselela, ukwanda kwinqanaba lokutshisa i-gase exhaust, i-additive okanye ukutshiza kwe-diesel particulate filter ingasetyenziswa. IziHlomelo ziya kunceda ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa apho i-soot iya kutshisa. Ukuhlamba ngezinto ezikhethekileyo kuya kunceda ukucoca ifayile.

Indlela yokuvuselelwa ngokutsha

Ukucoca okunjalo kunokwenziwa ngqo ngumqhubi wemoto. Isalathisi esifanelekileyo siya kubonisa ukuba kufuneka ukuvuselelwa. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuqala le nkqubo ukuba i-dynamics okanye amandla enjini iyancitshiswa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuqinisekisa ukuphakama kweqondo lokushisa kwegesi. Oku kwenziwa ngokuqhuba ngemoto ngemithwalo epheleleyo. Kwanele ukuqhuba umgama wama-30-40 km, ukwenzela ukuba icebo lucacwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye yonke i-soot iphelile. Inketho yesibini kukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa zokufakelwa kwamafutha.

Ukuvuselelwa ngokutsha

Le mode ingaqaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngumlawuli wekhompyutha. Ngenxa yoko, i-electronics ihlalutya ulwazi oluvela kwiqondo lokushisa kunye ne-sensor sensor. Ikwazisa iyunithi yolawulo lwe-elektroniki ukuba icebo lugqityiwe kwaye i-sensor ihlawula iqondo lokushisa. Ukuba akwanele ukuba i-soot itshise ngokupheleleyo, i-ECU ingafaka i-fuel intanethi ngokungekho kwinkqubo yokukhupha i-gases. Oku kuya kutshisa i-soot ekugqibeleni. Kwakhona kukuvumela ukuba ukhuphule izinga lokushisa kwizinga elifunwayo.

Ukuba kukho ezinye izixhobo kumzila wokukhupha owandisa ukufudumala kwegesi zokukhupha, ngoko i-ECU ingayisebenzisa.

Ukuhlamba

Iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zifunekayo kule nkqubo. Inkqubo ngokwayo yonke ixhomekeke kuphela kuhlobo lwesibonelelo.

Ngoko, ucwecwe luyakususwa kwaye luvaliwe yimingxuma yalo. Emva koko ungenelela ukucoca amanzi ngendlela enjengokuzalisa umthamo wonke wefayile. Emva koko, umveliso kufuneka ushiywe yedwa kwiiyure ezilishumi, ngelixa udibanisa ukucoca. Emva koko, inxalenye iyahlanjwa ngamanzi afudumele kwaye ibuyiselwe kwimoto. Zininzi iintlobo zamanzi, kwaye nganye - indlela yokuhlamba. Oku kufuneka kukhunjulwe ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe le nkqubo.

Ukuhlamba nokucoca kuya kunceda ukwandisa umsebenzi wequmrhu, kuba ukutshintshwa kwefayile ye-particulate yinto enqabileyo kakhulu. Kodwa kungekudala emva kwexesha kuza kuza. Kucetyiswa ukuba utshintshe iifayile emva kweeyure eziyi-180 zeekhilomitha.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwalo mbalo kuchaphazeleka ngokusisiseko ngeemeko zendlela, umgangatho wamanzi kunye nesitayela sokuqhuba. Ukuba umatshini ungaphantsi komthwalo onzima, ukutshintshwa kwale nxalenye kunokufuneka ngaphambili.

Ngoko, safumanisa ukuba yintoni inxalenye yemoto. Ifayile ye-diesel filter, njengamanye amagatya ombane kwiimoto zangaphandle, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yemoto yanamhlanje. Eli qakala liphucula imeko yezinto eziphilayo kwihlabathi, kwaye le yimpilo yabantu. Ubume bezinto eziphilayo yindawo ephilileyo kunye nabantwana abonwabileyo.