Umqambi Glinka MI:. Bobuchule kunye biography

Umqambi Russian Glinka washiya uphawu ebalulekileyo ehlabathini umculo, obengasemva isikolo ezikhethekileyo Russian ukwakheka. ubomi bakhe kunokuba abaninzi: ingqondo yemveli, ukuhamba, uvuyo kunye neengxaki, kodwa impahla yayo engundoqo - umculo.

Intsapho Childhood

Awazalelwa kuyo umqambi ebalaseleyo Glinka kwiphondo ESmolensk May 20, 1804, kule lali Novospassky. Uyise, umphathi umhlala, kwafuneka Lithamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukuze baphile kamnandi. Glinka enkulu ngukhokho yaba Pole ngokuzalwa, ngowe-1654, xa mazwe ESmolensk wagqithela eRashiya, wafumana ngabemi Russian, ke atshintshelwe kobuOthodoki baqalisa ukuhlala ubomi-mhlaba Russian. Umntwana nangoko inikwa nkathalo uninakhulu lowo wavusa umzukulwana wakhe siko elo xesha akayigcina kwigumbi ukuvaleka, akazange zikhule ngokomzimba, zakarmlivala iilekese. Konke oku nempembelelo embi kwimpilo Michael. Wakhula buhlungu, abangenazigqibo kunye nezifebe, kamva ngokuba "iMimosa".

Glinka phantse izenzekele bafunda ukufunda emva wambonisa umbingeleli kwakhe le ncwadi. Ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala wabonisa italente somculo, wafunda nezitya zobhedu ukuze akwazi isandi iintsimbi bacule iingoma abantwana. emithandathu kuphela iminyaka, wabuyela kubazali bakhe, baza bona baqala ukuzibandakanya ekukhuleni kwakhe kunye nemfundo. Kuye mema umphathi, nto leyo ukongeza izifundo jikelele bamfundisa ukudlala ipiyano, yaye kamva elo ekufundeni violin. Ngeli xesha, inkwenkwe efunda kakhulu, okona akuthandayo yeencwadi okuhamba, ngoko lo bumnandi iba uthando ukutshintsha iindawo, nto leyo eya kubomi Glinka. Kwakhona sisondela kancinane, kodwa umculo ithatha indawo ephambili entliziyweni yakhe. Nomfana okhestra serf ufunda imisebenzi emininzi ixesha, wadibana beneempahla zokuvuma.

iminyaka yokufunda

Ndandihlala kwilali uMikhail Glinka ixesha elide. Xa wayeneminyaka 13, abazali bakhe bahamba naye wavela kutshanje eSt Petersburg kwisikolo sokubhoda kwi zokufundisa Institute. Funda lo mfana zange umdla kakhulu, njengoba ingxenye enkulu yenkqubo wayesele kakuhle ekhaya. umkhapheli wakhe yangaphambili Decembrist V. K. Kyuhelbeker neclassmate - umzalwana A. S. Pushkina, naye Michael wadibana ngelo xesha, yaye kamva waba enobubele.

Kwiminyaka pansionerskie ngayo converges kunye Prince Golitsyn, S. Sobolewski, Rimsky-Korsakov, uN Melgunov. Ngeli xesha, iyanda kakhulu imimango yayo zomculo, uqhelene opera, ukutyelela iikonsathi ezininzi, ngokunjalo lijongene iimvumi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ixesha - Bem and Field kaThixo. Yena perfects bakhe ubuchule nepiyano kudlalwa kwaye wafumana izifundo zakhe yokuqala ekuvezeni msebenzi.

yano owaziwayo S. Mayer wasebenza Michael kwi 20, ngokumfundisa umsebenzi umqambi, amalungelo íOpus yakhe yokuqala, enika kwiziseko osebenza kwiziko okhestra. Ngokuhlwa lokugqibela Glinka yeendwendwe ngezibini kunye Mayer wadlala ekonsathini Hummel, bebonisa izakhono zabo esidlangalaleni. Umqambi uMikhail Glinka waphumelela yokusebenza yesibini indlu yeendwendwe ngo-1822, kodwa umnqweno ukuba ufunde abanamava ngakumbi.

Amava lokuqala yokubhala

Emva kokuphumelela kwindlu yabahambi, umqambi Glinka Musa ukungxama bafune inkonzo, imeko elungileyo zemali wavumela ukuba kuye. Uyise akazange ukukhawuleza malunga nokukhetha indawo yomsebenzi unyana wakhe, kodwa akazange acinge ukuba ubomi bakhe bonke uya kuba usenza umculo. Umqambi Glinka, umculo apho iba ezibalulekileyo ebomini, ndafumana ithuba ukuya emanzini eCaucasus ukuba uqeqesho impilo kunye nakwamanye amazwe. Yena angazishiyi izifundo umculo, ukufunda lemveli leNtshona yaseYurophu kwaye wenza neenjongo ezintsha, kuba imfuno yangaphakathi yona.

Kule 20 Glinka wabhala ingoma odumileyo "Musa ukundihenda ngokungeyomfuneko" kwi ndinyana Baratynsky, "Musa kucula, ubuhle bam, nam" kwisicatshulwa ka Pushkin. Ekubonakaleni kunye nemisebenzi yakhe isisixhobo: Adagio kunye Rondo ngenxa okhestra, umtya septet.

Ubomi emhlabeni

Ngowe-1824, umqambi M. I. Glinka wangena inkonzo, ukuba umncedisi unobhala kwi-Ofisi Communications. Kodwa inkonzo ongayisebenzelanga, yaye ngowe-1828 wayeka. Ngeli xesha, Glinka unenxaxheba inani elikhulu abahlobo, bethetha Alexander Griboyedov, A. Mickiewicz, A. Delwig, Odoyevsky V., V. Zhukovsky. Uyaqhubeka ukwenza umculo, inxaxheba ngokuhlwa zomculo ekhaya Demidova, wabhala ezininzi iingoma kunye bothando, imiba Pavlishchev "albhamu ombambazelayo", apho imisebenzi ngababhali ezahlukeneyo ziqokelelwe, kuquka lakhe.

amava amazwe

Ukuhamba yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kakhulu ubomi uMikhail Glinka. Uhambo lokuqala enkulu phesheya wenza emva kokukhutshwa zendlu esinaleni.

Ngowe-1830 Glinka waya kuhambo olukhulu eItali, elo zawutwabulula phezu emi-4. Injongo yale hambo kunyango, kodwa azizange umphumo efanelekileyo, kwaye yimvumi akakwenzi oko ngokuzimisela, rhoqo zokuphazamisa izifundo unyango, oogqirha kunye ukutshintsha umzi. E Italy, wayedibana UKarl Briullov, kunye abaqambi ezibalaseleyo ixesha: Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Bellini, Donizetti. Echukunyiswe kwezi ntlanganiso Glinka wabhala imisebenzi gumbi ngu abaqambi angaphandle kwi umxholo. Uye waba amazwe kunye nootitshala ilungileyo, ekuphuculeni indlela yokwenziwa komsebenzi, izifundo ithiyori umculo. Yena ufuna umxholo oluqinile ubugcisa, kwaye ukuba kuye ukuba ekhaya, yena ikhuthaza ukuba babhale imisebenzi ezinzulu. Glinka kudala "Russian Symphony" kwaye ubhala iinguqulelo kwi iingoma Russian, ngoko leyo ufake neminye imisebenzi emikhulu.

Large umsebenzi compositional: M. Glinka

Ngowe-1834, wafa uyise uMikhail kaThixo, wamkela ukuzimela ngokwezimali kwaye aqalise ukubhala opera. Nkqu phesheya Glinka waqonda ukuba umsebenzi wakhe - ukubhala in Russian, kwaba umfutho ukudala opera ngokusekelwe izinto yesizwe. Ngeli xesha iqukiwe kwizangqa boncwadi ka St. Petersburg, apho kwakukho Aksakov, Zhukovsky, Shevyrev Pogodin. Wonke umntu othetha opera Russian ebhaliweyo Verstovsky kulo mzekelo uphefumlela Glinka, kwaye sithathwa nomzobo opera kwi ezintsha Zhukovsky "Marina Grove". Esi sicwangciso na ukuba waqonda, kodwa ekuqaleni lomsebenzi opera "A Ubomi kuba Tsar" ngalo mbandela, niqhutywa Zhukovsky, ngokusekelwe kwebali Ivan Susanin. Umqambi omkhulu Glinka wehla waya embalini womculo kanye njengoko nombhali wolu msebenzi. Kuyo, wabeka isiseko esikolweni opera Russian.

Kokuba kuboniswe senzeka November 27, 1836, yaba yimpumelelo grand. Kunye noluntu, nabagxeki wathabatha yokuqamba evumayo kakhulu. Emva koko Glinka uva eyabelwe umqhubi Court Chapel, waza waba umculi. Impumelelo aphefumlelweyo umqambi, kwaye uqala ukusebenza ngomhla opera entsha mbongo Pushkin kaThixo "Ruslan kunye Lyudmila". Wayefuna ukuba ukubhala mdlalo wembongi, kodwa ukufa kwakhe ngesiquphe kuthintele ekufezekisweni kwezi zicwangciso. Xa umsebenzi wakhe umqambi Glinka ebonisa italente oqolileyo kunye necebo ophezulu. Kodwa "Ruslan and Lyudmila" yasetyenziswa opholileyo ngaphezu opera yokuqala. Kuyinto nzima gqitha Glinka, yaye kuya amazwe kwakhona. lemveli opera Umqambi yeyona incinane, kodwa waba nempembelelo tsotsololo kuphuhliso lwesikolo yesizwe zesakhiwo, kwaye, le misebenzi umzekelo ocacileyo umculo Russian.

umculo Symphonic of Glinka

Uphuhliso umxholo kazwelonke kubonakaliswe umculo Symphonic lombhali. Umqambi Glinka kudala inani elikhulu yohlobo yolwazi imisebenzi, yena ndicinga ekufumaneni ifom entsha. Kwiincwadi zakhe, iqhawe wethu ubonisa ngokwakhe njengoko yothando kunye melodist. Imisebenzi ngu Glinka umqambi ngokuphuhlisa Iintlobo kumculo Russian njengoko uhlobo iintsomi, lyric nedrama yeqhawe. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yemisebenzi yakhe ibika "Night e Madrid," yaye "naseAragon jota", maphupho Symphonic "Kamarinskaya".

Amaculo bothando

Elichaza Glinka (Umqambi) abuyonto ngaphandle ukukhankanywa songwriting yakhe. Bonke ubomi bakhe wabhala ukuthandana kunye iingoma eziyifaneleyo emangalisayo othandwa sele ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe. Yonke wabhala imisebenzi malunga 60 uyakhala, apho langutana inkoliso: "Ndikhumbula omnye umzuzu omangalisayo", "Recognition", "Associated Ingoma" kunye nabanye abaninzi namhlanje ziyinxalenye yaba nkulu wezinto yeemvumi.

wabucala

Xa ingasese umqambi Glinka akazange lucky. Watshata intombazana ethandekayo, Ivanovoy Mare Petrovne ngo-1835, enethemba ukufumana kuye umoya nemizalwane kunye nentliziyo onothando. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, umkhosi ukungavisisani phakathi kwendoda nomfazi. Yena waye kubomi uvuthuzayo, echitha imali eninzi, ukuze nkqu ingeniso ukusuka estate kunye nokuhlawula imisebenzi lomculo Glinka wayeswele. Wanyanzelwa ukuba ukuthatha abafundi. Le ikhefu wokugqibela kwenzeka xa ngowe-1840 Glinka uyakuthanda Kate Kern, intombi Ndithelekelele Pushkin kaThixo. Yena wafaka for umtshato ngeli xesha kubonakala ukuba umfazi wakhe ngasese watshata sezigodlo Vasilchikova. Kodwa okuhlamba ngabalaleli iminyaka emi-5. Ngeli xesha, Glinka waya kuyo umdlalo wokwenene: Kern ukhulelwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba eqatha, yena ngemali ukuba bahlukane umntwana. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ubuhlobo nokukhanya libunile, kwaye xa komtshato ifunyenwe ngo-1846, Glinka kuye kwafuneka akukho nomnqweno wokutshata. Bonke ubomi bakhe wachitha iqela elinye ulikhoboka nobubele iindywala, nto leyo iba nefuthe elibi empilweni yakhe esele abahluphekayo. February 15, 1857 e Berlin, Glinka wafa. Kamva, xa isicelo isidumbu sakhe ofileyo udade zaye zathuthwa eRashiya bamngcwabela Tikhvin Amangcwaba eSt Petersburg.