Hungary: labemi kunye nokwakheka yobuhlanga

Inkoliso yabemi Hungary na uhlanga titular - i Hungarians. Inani labo elingana malunga-93% yenani lilonke abemi beli lizwe.

Hungarians

abantu Hungarian (self - magyar) ine imbali umdla yokwenza yayo. Zeelwimi kunye zakudala baye kwisigqibo sokuba kakhokho uhlanga ke emathafeni Trans-Urals. Kulapha zazizihambela Ugric izizwe, apho kamva wema ngaphandle njengoko Khanty kunye Mansi (ngoku bahlala eNtshona eSiberia).

Magyar wamtyhala ntshona yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo. Njengoko kuye kwenzeka izihlandlo ezininzi (kwaye iza kuba kumaXesha Aphakathi), zasendle ngasempumalanga "ihlumelo" inqwaba to Europe. Hungary, leyo ilikhaya inzala loonothwal abaye baba Ukuhlasela.

Ekuqaleni, lo Hungarians ahlala kumathafa Sea Black of Ukraine namhlanje, yaye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane IX waya yayo. Inkokheli yabo ngelo xesha edume Prince ayinjengeArpadi na. Amalungu wobukhosi bakhe abalawula Hungarians de ngenkulungwane XIV.

I Magyars benza kwilizwe lawo ngoku apho bagxothwa bangaphambili abahlali - i nokuxubana Avars. Kungekudala mbuya apha naphaya ukuba iimeko ezintsha ubukho, yamkela izithethe abamelwane baza baqalisa ukuba baphile ubomi izinziswe. Sekunjalo, aba bantu zemfazwe zokoyikisa kumazwe angabamelwane, wada aguqulwa kubuKatolika. Inani labemi Hungarian baqalisa ukukhula ngenxa sokufumana uzinzo kunye kuzolile.

Yabemi Austria-Hungary

Ngasekupheleni kuMbindi Ages Hungarians baba abaxhomekeke Austria. abalawuli bayo Habsburgs nge imitshato dynastic wazibandakanya eziliqela ithi zesizwe zibe lobukhosi eyaqhubeka de-1918. Yabemi Austria-Hungary Kudala balwela amalungelo abo kunye nokulondolozwa izithethe zesizwe. ukubalasela German bahlupheka kakhulu emva kokuba revolution 1848. Emva koko, ngokuba kwezithandani ye-Hungarian ethetha Russian uMlawuli Nicholas I wayikhupha imikhosi yokunceda Habsburgs. Independence asifumanekanga, kodwa ukumkani ezimbini yasekwa kwamashumi ambalwa. Hungarians kwaye Austrians ndasisa amalungelo alinganayo kwipolitiki zasekhaya. Oku kwakhokelela ekukhuleni ubuzwe, ukukhuthazwa ulwimi, njalo-njalo. D.

features kazwelonke

Intsimi le yanamhlanje Hungary (93,000 ezikwere zeekhilomitha) engahambiselani ne kuluhlu zayo zokuhlala kwalo hlanga. Umzekelo, Romania ifumene yayo XX ngenkulungwane, apho kukho inzala amaninzi Magyars. iminyaka emininzi yokuphila phantsi kolawulo abasemzini akuzange kumthintele abantu ukulondoloza bangoobani. Ulwimi Hungarian yahlukile kakhulu neziyelelane (lwesiJamani kunye neqela Slavic) angabamelwane. BaseJamani, umzekelo, kubonakala ukuba gibberish. Le ulwimi zininzi izinto esifana ngazo iilwimi eFinland, Estonia, Khanty kunye Mansi. Kunye ukwamkelwa of Christianity, abahlali bathabatha oonobumba Latin kunye nezinye iimpawu zakhe.

Hungary, ogama sabantu kakhulu bomzi, uphakathi yesibini kuBukhosi Habsburg. Kwathiwa kuqinisekisa ngokusemthethweni, emva revolutions ezininzi kunye kwiimpixano kwinkulungwane XIX. Nditsho likarhulumente ngokuba Austria-Hungary, nto leyo wagxininisa ubume ezi zizwana zibini, ngeli xa amanye amaqela amancinane (Czechs, yayingamaSerb, njalo bosniyy. D.) Uvele ngokungathi icala.

capital

Ngenxa amalungelo ngokukhawuleza bavela iHungary. Inani labemi waba inani eliphezulu lokufunda nokubhala. ikratshi olukhethekeliyo hlanga iye umzi wayo ikomkhulu Budapest. De kwinkulungwane XIX ezingqondweni umhlaba yaseYurophu ukuya kwimpuma eVienna kwabonakala zasendle. Le mbono yatshatyalaliswa emva wabonakala Budapest. Hungary ixesha elide akazange abe ikomkhulu eqhelekileyo ngenxa ayehlasela Turks and nezibonelelo buthathaka.

Noko ke, isixeko esitsha, wasekwa ngo-1873 emva kokuba ngokudibana Buda kunye Pest, yaba sixeko weli xesha. Yayiliziko lenkcubeko yohlanga olo kungekudala yazimela emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I kukududuzela. Namhlanje, Budapest likhaya kubantu abazizigidi 1.7 (le yeyona inkulu isixeko wesixhenxe eYurophu). Apha ke wokuqala emva London komhlaba.

eminye imizi

Amanye amazwe ezinkulu eli lizwe Debrecen, Miskolc, Pécs, Szeged. labantu labo ezifanayo kunye ikomkhulu confessional kunye enkulu yesizwe. Inani abemi isusela ukusuka 100 ukuya amawaka 200. Imephu ye nengxinano yabemi ubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba isasazwa ngokufanayo kwilizwe liphela.

abambalwa

Hungary, laso kwasekwa emva kuphazamiseka ezininzi imbali, yaye langutana amaqela eentlanga. It Roma, amaJamani, amaYuda, Slovaks, Romanians, yayingamaSerb, njalo njalo .. Xa zizonke, bamele malunga ne-10% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke.

Oku kuchazwe yi komthunzi elalisakuba Austria-Hungarian Emphaya, apho kukungxawu abilayo ephikisanayo yesizwe. Abahlali abaninzi ngenkani kufakwe.

Lenkolo elikhulu - kuba amaKatolika (malunga wonke ummi yesibini yelizwe njengako ukuya vo). Kwakhona buqapheleke phambi bakaCalvin (15%), owayebonakele kweli lizwe emva European uHlaziyo.

uluntu yamaJuda ukhetha eBudapest. Hungary uye waba yindawo ekhuselekileyo ukulungiselela aba bantu. In ekufuphi yoBukhosi Russian ngenkulungwane XIX nkqubo anti-Semitic kuthwalelwa phandle (i Pale of Settlement, njalo-njalo. D.) Oko yabangela ukuba amaYuda amaninzi kwamanye amazwe ukuya weDanube. Uluntu bamaJuda hit kanzima emva Ngenkohlakalo. Kwakhona, abaninzi wemka amaSirayeli emva kokusekwa karhulumente kuMbindi Mpuma.

Ngowe-1993, Hungary yamkela umthetho bambalwa wesizwe. Yena ayabele kuzo zonke iintlobo amalungelo. Eli nyathelo lithathwe emva kokuba inkqubo bawa yobukomanisi ukuba eqhelekileyo onke amazwe Central Yurophu, ezibanjiswe komzila eziphembelela eSoviet Union.