Gobseck umfanekiso. Gobseck umfanekiso kwinoveli ngu Honoré de Balzac

inoveli ongenakufa umbhali French Honoré de Balzac "Gobsek" yayibhalwe 1830. Umba mveliso isekelwe ngokupheleleyo kwenye ezimbi zabantu - ukunyoluka, leyo ekupheleni wobomi ophambili lwaba engenangqondo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, eli bali ingabandakanywa ngumbhali umsebenzi multi-volume "The Human Comedy."

biography emfutshane lombhali

Wazalwa umbhali French eParis May 20, 1799. Ngokutsho data buqu, uyise engumlimi kunye nomama wakhe ngozalelwe kuloo oongxowankulu. isimaphambili ahlukile "de" Honoré waqalisa ukusebenzisa ukukhululwa yonyaka "Gobsek" ibali lakhe, olufinyeziweyo ukuba yazi nge apho aya kuba nako kweli nqaku.

Emva kokufumana isidanga seBachelor, Balzac waqalisa inkonzo yayo yeminyaka emithathu kwi-ofisi izivumelwano ngayo. isindululo likayise ukuvula angalandela yakhe yokusebenza ngokuzithemba ugxothiwe. uthando lwakhe kunye nomsebenzi, wabona kuphela uncwadi. Kuthiwa ngelo xesha imisebenzi mfo uselula ayenzi amele nayiphi na inzala abavakalisi.

look exineneyo, Honoré wafudukela kota wayengumngqibi izindawo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba basebenze. Inoveli, nokuba nguwuphi, awawuqalayo ukubhala kwiminyaka emininzi kamva wenza ithandwa phakathi iingcali iincwadi, kodwa nabagxeki ixesha ufekethe abazange baqaphele indalo yakhe.

Buyela umsebenzi yoncwadi

Ukususela ngowe-1829 Balzac waya ukudala Iinoveli awufi namabali. Ebusuku Wabhala, ukuxhasa inani elikhulu imikhosi ebalulekileyo iikomityi ikofu abamnyama, kwaye yokuphumla ngokuhlwa. Ebusuku Honoré zisebenzisa up eQuill ngaphezu kwesinye.

Le mode "mkhosi" iye ekugqibeleni, yaye incwadi zimakishwe ngenkathalo. I inoveli "shagreen" Umbhali bayizisa isihloko omnye wababhali ixesha eli. Le yimpumelelo enkulu kuye faka umbhali abancinci kakhulu, ngoko wadala enkulukazi elihle osihloko sithi "The Human Comedy." Yayithetha ibali "Gobsek", umxholo ekufuphi kakhulu abalinganiswa kunye nezenzo bomhla Balzac kaThixo.

Ixabiso Ukraine ebomini zombhali

Balzac kuqala watyelela eli lizwe ngo-1847. Apha yena utshate Evelinoy Ganskoy, ngoko ngokufuthi watyelela amazwe Ukrainian. A lot of zezincoko yabhalelwa kubo ngezi iindawo ezimangalisayo, kwaye omnye wabo i "iLeta Kiev." Balzac iyayithanda emhlabeni otyebileyo apho ngonyaka ungayihlwayeli ingqolowa, bezandla kwaye ukuchumisa umhlaba.

Njengoko ilifa Ghana, Honoré ngokwenene unomdla kubomi abalimi. Wasithanda ukubukela amaqela abantu beya emsebenzini, ngokucula ngexesha elifanayo iingoma bonwabile. Ngenxa yothando ngayo umbhali kuba Ukraine kuboniswa kuphela nakwiileta eziya eParis, kodwa ethi "I Abalimi".

nokusungula Balzac

Honoré young ice lokudala nkqi ekuqaleni lweentlobo ezimbini eziphambili: iinoveli, imbali kunye nesazisi. Balzac akaze walandela befashoni kuncwadi yaseYurophu wadala imisebenzi ngeenzame ukubabonisa indlela yomntu ngamnye uhlobo umlinganiswa ngamnye, ezifana umfanekiso ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze Gobseck.

Umbhali lijolise phantse bekusoloko uluntu namhlanje yoohlohlesakhe, nazo zonke amaphutha ayo. Ubukho kwiiklasi zentlalo ixesha, amaziko kwezentlalo kunye nobume ekuhlaleni ayina kuvezwa ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi kwi "Studies ngale ndlela 'owabhala Balzac. "Gobsek" Kwakhona wangena lo mjikelo njenge kukubonakalisa ukuthanda izinto zabantu nokunyoluka.

"Human Comedy"

Nangona abagxeki carping rhoqo Balzac akazange ayeke ukusebenza. Ngokusebenzisa ixesha, umbhali ugqiba ukudibanisa umsebenzi yabo enkulukazi ebizwa "The Human Comedy." Ngokutsho umbhali, le ncwadi bekumele ukuba ziqulathe ibali eyayiza ukuchaza uluntu namhlanje, zonke phawu ekhoyo, igama - ukwenza umzobo yokuqala ngexesha lakhe.

Umjikelo iqulathe ezintathu, ebanzi kakhulu kwi "Imizobo zokuziphatha." Yena eyitwabulule umfanekiso wenene eFransi, apho wayehlala Balzac. "Gobsek" yenye obukhulu boncwadi, ezibe zifakiwe "Etude".

isishwankathelo

abalinganiswa Zonke Balzac xa zithathwa ngokucacileyo - baba anomtsalane kunye antsonkothileyo. Ukuba injalo "Gobsek" ophambili le ncwadi. Sinokusishunqulela ibali ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi, kodwa isishwankathelo utshintshelo kuphela inxalenye encinane intsingiselo apho umbhali wayefuna ukuxelela umfundi.

Eli bali liqala kule ndlwana Vicomtesse de Grandlieu, ngubani na ehambela Count Ernest De Resto kunye Derville. Xa iphelile ngowokuqala kubo, lo iindwendwe waqala ukuchaza kwintombi yakhe Camille, ukuze awukwazi ukubonisa ngqo indawo okulungileyo igrafu, ngenxa yokuba kungekho usapho olunye izindawo uya akafuni Ze ningendiselani nazo. Ernest wayengekho izihlangu efanelekileyo intombi yakhe, njengoko ukuhlawula amatyala akhe.

Derville ugqiba ukuba angenelele kwenzeka ntoni ukuba achaze uhlobo lokwenyaniso yezinto. Waqalisa ibali evela kude, sikhankanye ukuba wadibana Gobsek ngoxa umfundi, waza wayibiza ngokuba umfanekiso cool wegolide.

Njengoko umbolekisi waxelela ibali malunga ngokulangazelela lwetyala kunye sisidwangube. Esoyika exposure, wamnika uPenina ke dayimani, imali apho ityala ke nesithandwa sakhe. Gobsek tye wathi lo neyo konakalisa intsapho yakhe yonke.

Kamva Derville wajika zigwangqa yinzwana Count Maksim De Tri ecela malunga nolwazi umbolekisi. Gobsek, ke, ekuqaleni wala ukuba babale mboleko njengoko umboleki ngelo xesha ngokupheleleyo kwetyala. Kodwa umbolekisi uza umfazi kunye nezinye zingazizinto ezixabisekileyo zosapho ngokungathandabuzekiyo uyavuma kuzo zonke iimeko. Konke oku Wenza sisidwangube of ihlebo de uTrajan, nto leyo ukutshintshela imali kuye, ukuzibulala ngenye walenza.

Ngosuku olufanayo ukuba Gobsek breaks indoda iintokazi bafuna ukubuya kwedayimani. Kunoko, unika obiza yonke impahla yakhe, ukuze amsindise umfazi ongathembekanga kunye nesithandwa sakhe. Ekupheleni Derville wathi ukuba oku kwenzeka noyise, Ernest de Resto.

Emva kwexesha elithile, ubalo nezibi. Umfazi wakhe, phezu sihlandlo severs zonke amatyathanga Mxim kwaye ithatha unonophelo yendoda yakhe. A ngosuku emva kokufa kwakhe, sifuna ukuba umyolelo, wahlela ukuba ngokoyiswa kwi-ofisi womfi. Kodwa into embi ukwenza eyona mbambano evuthayo, ukungabikho apho Count impahla oswelekileyo ekuthinjweni Gobseck. Derville wambongoza umbolekisi umva lonke usapho de resto, kodwa yena wayezimisele ukuhamba.

Ekupheleni kwebali, dovedavshis ukuba Camille kunye Ernest uthando omnye komnye, Derville waya Gobsek waza wafumanisa ukuba ukufa. Ekupheleni ubomi ukuthanda kwakhe egxile ngokupheleleyo. Le ndlu saa eninzi ukutya ibhuqiwe, ngenxa yokuba ukuthengisa, esoyika nithengisa embi. Gobseck umfanekiso - ke ngumfuziselo onjani amandla yokuphanga, nto leyo yenza ngokukhawuleza indlela yayo ku ngegolide namandla.

Ibali liphela nento yokuba igqwetha Derville Grandlieus ingxelo malunga nokubuya kukuba neyento Comte de resto. lady Enkulu ugqiba ukuba Camilla akwazi kakuhle abe ngumfazi Ernest.

Iimpawu hero

umfanekiso Gobseck-ngokwalo ziphikisana. Ophambili kukuba nobuntu eyomeleleyo, kwakunye ezinye iqondo bulumko kwengqondo. Kunye nale mpawu makwanga, ubukrwada kunye nenkohlakalo. Kungenzeka, kungenxa iimeko ezimaxongo obiza kusetyenziswa ukuphumeza iinjongo ngayo nayiphi na indlela.

Kwakhona uphawu Gobseck kunye umfanekiso wakhe kunokubonwa ngokucacileyo kwingxelo lombhali kuyo. Balzac uchaza umlinganiswa ophambili njengomntu ndleko-. Ukuqonda apho udla ubomi ihlabathi yokuphanga, kuye kwakhokelela kuye ukuba adle. Yaye isixa-mali kunye negolide, akukho mfuneko ukuba ubukho ngobunewunewu, kodwa ukukhusela iimvakalelo. Iimpawu Gobseck babedla intetho yakhe ingephi, umgangatho iseti eyomileyo zemihlathi kwincoko nabathengi. nembonakalo yakhe yonke ubonisa ukujongelwa abantu abazizityebi.

neminye imisebenzi

Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, Honoré wazama ngoyaba nabagxeki ezingalunganga wathi, siqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe. imisebenzi yokuqala:

- inoveli "Shuany";

- "shagreen lesikhumba";

- "Gobsek";

- "Indlu ikati ukudlala ngebhola."

Balzac wayefuna ukubonakalisa ngamnye uhlobo ngalunye lomlinganiswa. Iziko yomsebenzi wakhe ayikho abalinganiswa etsomo, yaye ubomi kunye nezenzo kuluntu yamaphephandaba. Gobseck umfanekiso oluthandayo kwinoveli wabonisa abafundi ubomi inokuba buhlungu, ukuba umntu ukuba abulale zonke ezintle uze ube obdiraloy soulless kunye nokugcinwa.