Ezi ziqwempu kwemiphunga. UReed esezirekhodiwe lung

Imiphunga zezona nkqubo ephambili zemiphunga. Agcwalisa leyo isifuba kwisisu lonke akabalwa mediastinum. Okulandelayo, cinga imisebenzi eziphambili kula maqumrhu. Eli phepha liza ukuchaza inani nokukhanya komsindo.

imisebenzi

Emiphungeni exchange igesi kwenzeka. Le nkqubo kukufakwa oksijini evela erythrocytes igazi emoyeni alveolar kunye kukhuthaza carbon dioxide kwi sayo disintegrating amanzi kunye negesi. Ngenxa yoko, emiphungeni kubhaliwe luvo kufutshane ngokwaneleyo umbutho, igazi kunye nkovu nempahla, kwaye yomoya yenziwe. Le yokugqibela iqala kunye zokuqala zokukhula phylogenetic kunye osandul.

The degree of umoya, kwakunye isantya sokuqukuqela igazi, isantya sokuqukuqela serhasi ngokusebenzisa kwentamo alveolar-capillary inwebu ubukhulu kunye luthambe ngamathambo ilastiki, ihemoglobin Ukwanda, kunye neminye imiba ukuqinisekisa inqanaba ngokufumaneka kwe-oksijini. Ukuba utshintsha naluphi salathisi omnye kukwaphula ukuba amalungu ka zokuphefumla kwaye kunokubangela eziliqela ukuphazamiseka ezisebenzayo.

Amasebe: ulwazi ngokubanzi

ziqwempu lung Human zimele iinxalenye parenchyma. Bangena kwemithambo kunye bronchus. E kwimida izinto spliced. Ngokungafaniyo isithinzi lung, iinxenye zihlanganisi musa baninyanzela interlayers nokuqina ngqo. isiqalelo ngasinye iluhlobo lwe ikhowuni. Incam sibhekiswe esangweni kwemiphunga, isiseko - ukuya kumphezulu. ngemithambo Branch kulala amalungu. Kwemiphunga ngasekhohlo inxalenye ezisithoba. Amalungu omzimba osecaleni-10 ekhoyo. Kwemiphunga ushiye siqulathe isithinzi ezimbini. Ilungelo luqulathe izahlulo ezintathu. Kulo mba, isakhiwo lwabo lwangaphakathi Kuthi ezahlukeneyo. Nomhlehlo esezantsi ekhohlo eyedwa ingxenye 4. Ezi ziquka:

1. Nizhnezadny.
2. Nizhnenaruzhny.
3. Nizhnevnutrenny.
4. Upper.

Kukho kwakhona ingcongolo ziqwempu zemiphunga:

• Lower.
• Upper.

Emazantsi isandla sasekhohlo uthathwa ukuba zifaneleke ngakumbi ukwabela umbukiso. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba ngaphambili ezisezantsi namasebe angaphakathi ziquka bronchus eqhelekileyo.

Ezi ziqwempu kwemiphunga ekunene: Desk Front

Esi siza sime dorsally ukusuka apical. Kwi sigaba 5 bahlule imida. Ababini kubo kulindeleke phakathi apical, ongentla ngomva kumphezulu medial. imida Three eziphezu ubambo. Umakad fomu cipande kunye ngomva iinxalenye kwemiphunga, ejongisele nkqo. Ukuze emthanjeni, Umthambo kunye bronchus ilungu adjustable kuqhutywa ukususela kwicala medial esangweni asike umphezulu pleural okanye ukusuka ekuqaleni tyaba emseleni nesabelo. Phakathi Kwangamoya kunye kwemithambo ibekwe segmental bronchus. Itshaneli igazi element adjustable kukhatshwa ukuya kwisikhongozeli phambi. Bobabini, bayinxalenye Kusenjalo miphungeni. Phakathi II nese IV zonke iipleyiti ubambo kumntu komhlaba kwicandelo kwentamo ngomva.

indawo ephambi

Esi sigaba ise nomhlehlo eliphezulu. Usenokuba imida ezintlanu. Ezimbini ubuxoki phezu medial. Baya ukwabelana ziqwempu apical kunye cipande, medial kunye Icipande kwemiphunga. imida Three alale phezu phezu iimbambo. Baya ukwabelana medial, cipande kunye osecaleni, ngomva kunye namacandelo cipande, apical kunye cipande. Umthambo hide ukusuka phezulu esebeni engundoqo. bronchus Kunzulu yi eVienna. Oku thaca ngokohlobo ekungeneni ukusuka kwisebe eliphezulu. Bronchus nempahla kwi abangakwaziyo ngexesha asike le pleura medial nga wokubopha esangweni ngaphambili. Le ndawo ngaphambili ise kummandla-II IV ezimbanjeni.

Front lateral

Esi sigaba kulindeleke ukusuka medial kuphela nje band emxinwa, ngaphezu iifolo interlobar elibhalwe ngokumileyo esiqala. Bronchus ibonakaliswa ukusuka phezulu ukuya ngasemva. Ngokuphathelele ingxenye ukwakweli ngasemva nomhlehlo ephakathi. Uyakwazi kubonakala phezu iimbambo. Xa isebe kukho imida ezintlanu. Ababini kubo kulala phezu medial, yahlukanisa ngaphambili osecaleni, osecaleni izahluko kunye medial kwemiphunga. Umda lokuqala ilele ngokuhambelana ekupheleni isabelo emseleni elibhalwe ngokumileyo. nabanye abathathu - akhiwe phezu komhlaba umzimba fin. Baya ukwabelana ziqwempu medial kwaye zisecaleni phakathi ukukhanya.

Umda lokuqala ihamba nkqo. Lenza ukusuka kwiziko ifolo oxwesileyo ukuya elunxwemeni scythe. Umda yesibini ubaleka phakathi ngaphambili kunye namacandelo lateral. Ihambelana emseleni tye. Umda sesithathu ukuqhagamshelana ngomva kunye cipande iinxalenye nomhlehlo asezantsi. EVienna, Umthambo kunye bronchus yinzulu. Indlela kubo kunokwenzeka kuphela ngezantsi esangweni emseleni elibhalwe ngokumileyo. ingxenye lateral ise kwingingqi phakathi iimbambo IV-VI.

medial

Yena igqalwa njengoko medial, kwaye iindawo ubambo kwi nomhlehlo embindini. Xa isebe kukho umda ezine. Ezimbini bazahlule inxalenye medial ye kwicala esezantsi kunye namalungu aphambili. Umda yesibini ingqamana emseleni elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Lokuqala - ngokulandelelanayo runs ngaphambili lekhefu tye. Phezu costal kwaye udlula imida ezimbini. Enye iqala ukusuka kwindawo embindini inqu emqeleni ngaphambili tyaba, ohlisa ekuyeni ekupheleni isabelo elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Phambi umda ingxenye yesibini wahluliwe medial. Umgca udibana kukho umsantsa oxwesileyo ibekwe. Ukususela amasebe asezantsi kwemithambo isuka yesebe segmental. Ngaphantsi oko bronchitis kunye isentimitha eVienna. indlela Segmental ukuya pedicle lwenziwa ngenxa emazantsi kwesango interlobar emseleni elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Umda isifuba indawo kwingingqi IV-VI iimbambo axillary umgca ophakathi.

isabelo esezantsi Upper ezahlulwe

Esi sigaba ke phezu ngaphezulu. Entsimini iimbambo III-VII kwicandelo iqhuba imida ezimbini. Omnye igqitha phakathi ukwahlulwa eliphezulu kwaye uthotywe abangakwaziyo ngasemva nomhlehlo eliphezulu. Umda ubaleka ecaleni emseleni elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Umgca wesibini na inxalenye ephezulu kunye esezantsi inxalenye ephantsi. Ukuze ubone imida kufuneka baqhubeke ummandla ngaphambili malunga kukho umsantsa oxwesileyo kwi indawo uqhagamshelwano yayo kwi-qhina. Umbuzo eliphezulu kwimithambo efanelekileyo amasebe isitya esezantsi jikelele. Ngezantsi lelona bronchus, njl - eVienna. Ukufikelela esangweni kunokwenzeka esebenzisa interlobar sulcus elibhalwe ngokumileyo.

Basal Medial

Esi sigaba ke ibekwe kwicala medial ngezantsi ekujoliswe miphungeni. Isebe wadibana khona cava Vena kunguhata kunye intendelezo ekunene. Umda ingxenye abazahlulayo ngasemva, osecaleni kunye ngaphambili. Ukususela amasebe asezantsi kwemithambo kwisebe inqanawa ihamba. Inxalenye eliphezulu lobar bronchus segmental bronchus uthathwa. Ngezantsi ke Vienna, batyhileka kungena inxalenye esezantsi ekunene the main.

sobuKristu Basal

Esi sigaba ke nomhlehlo asezantsi, inxalenye cipande yayo. indawo yayo phezu kwentamo olungqamana VI-VIII iimbambo axillary umgca ophakathi. Xa isebe kukho imida ezintathu. Umgca wokuqala ubaleka phakathi kwicandelo osecaleni Icipande nomhlehlo ephakathi. Siyafana ukuya fissure elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Le ezayo kumda yesibini ingqamana umphezulu medial ngayo ekuqaleni lungu. Umgca lwesithathu ubaleka phakathi kwicandelo ongentla cipande. Umthambo iqala kwihholo igazi channel kwesebe asezantsi. Bronchus asuka kwinkqubo lobar into homonymous. EVienna yinxalenye nemingenela asezantsi engundoqo. Bronchus kunye Umthambo zazibonakala emazantsi vee elibhalwe ngokumileyo phantsi pleura visceral. EVienna ifumaneka phantsi lungu.

division carcinoma lateral

Esi sigaba kungabonwa uvalo kunye ubambo amacala kwemiphunga. Akhiwe kule ndawo phakathi ehlukanisiwe iipleyiti VII-IX kumgca axillary angasemva. Kuyo kukho imida ezintathu. Okokuqala nangabo phakathi ngaphambili kunye namacandelo lateral. medial Last kunye nezabelo umda yesibini. Umgca lwesithathu ubaleka phakathi ziqwempu angasemva and lateral. Bronchus kunye Umthambo ubuxoki emazantsi emseleni elibhalwe ngokumileyo, Vienna - iqela.

yiKlawuda carcinoma

Esi sigaba ke ibekwe kwi nomhlehlo asezantsi. Yena ke adibane kwalapho. Ingxenye uphethe indawo kwi VII-X ezimbanjeni. Xa isebe kukho imida ezimbini. Bona bahlukane abangakwaziyo ngasemva eliphezulu lateral. EVienna, bronchus kunye Umthambo ubuxoki unzulu vee elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Xa steel ukungenelela ke ziyafumaneka kungcono kakhulu kwicala medial ye nomhlehlo asezantsi.

Amahlelo kwemiphunga ngasekhohlo

Phezulu kukho la masebe zilandelayo:

1. Apical. Nguye phantse ngendlela efanayo igama elifanayo icandelo kwemiphunga ekunene. EVienna, bronchus kunye Umthambo ibekwe ngasentla kwesango.
2. Ngasemva. Its umda V ephantsi uyehla na uye phantsi ekupheleni. Ngomva kunye namacandelo apical kwemiphunga eliseleyo amaninzi zidityaniswa kwenye.
3. Front. umda awo ithe tye kuthelekiswa ubambo III.

UReed washiya esezirekhodiwe zemiphunga:

1. Front. Elise ubambo kunye namacala medial e III-V kunye iimbambo median umgca axillary kwinqanaba IV-VI amacwecwe.
2. Lower. Le ibekwe phantsi kwisebe yangaphambili. umda wayo udibana emseleni. Ingcongolo ziqwempu emiphungeni ezisezantsi neziphezulu ahlulwe kwiziko phakathi kweyona notshi intliziyo.

AmaCandelo kumazantsi ungqamane efanayo organ esahlukileyo.

Ungenelelo Steel: zikhombisa

resection yayo lwenziwa malunga notyeshelo nayiphi na inxalenye (cima). Oku kunokuba kuyimfuneko kwezi meko zilandelayo:

1. Ukutshatyalaliswa yethishyu phezu imvelaphi nangokurhala, senziwa usuleleko (tuberculosis, ikakhulu).
2. Esibulala lung ngexesha yamathumba ayanda (okubulalayo ebubonisayo).
3. Ezifuniweyo okanye ukubunjwa naso le ndawo vuphukuphuku.
4. Ubovu sokonakalisa eli laphu ngokuchasene nentsukaphi eziliqela ezimbi.
5. Ukwenzakala.

indlela yokusebenza

Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko ekuso. Ekubeni ukukhanya efihliweyo kwentamo, ngoko fumanani indlela eyiyo kubo wenza liqatywe phakathi ezimbanjeni. Emva koko ke plate ityhalela ngesixhobo okhethekileyo. Ukungqinelana ubungakanani sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi lwenziwa resection le element yokwakheka kwaye zisebenza. Umzekelo, ukususwa iya kwenziwa ingxenye semiphunga. Imixube ezahlukeneyo resection ixhomekeke kumasebe eziliqela ngaxeshanye.

Kananjalo kwenziwe lobectomy. Olu ngenelelo ngoncedo kubandakanya ukususwa zinkulu yomzimba. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, nesinqumka resection olwenziweyo. Lo msebenzi Nedlac. It limela suturing kunye nokususwa lwenxalenye umonakalo kwicala engaphandle kwemiphunga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le hlobo resection salwenza kunye belimele, ezahlukeneyo imali encinci umonakalo.