EBelgium: inyaniso enomdla. Inkcazelo yeBelgium. Tyelelo

UbuBelgium banamhlanje buncinane kakhulu, kuba yiminyaka eyi-178 kuphela. Ibali lakhe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lidala kwaye lihle kakhulu.

Indlela ende yokuzimela

Igama leli lizwe livela kwigama elithi "belga" - abantu abathiwa abahlala apha ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Kuyaziwa, umzekelo, ukuba ngo-54 AD. E. Leli zwe layiswa nguJulius Caesar, njengoko kubikwa kwingxelo ye-Gallic War: igama labahlali sele livele khona.

Emva kokuwa kweBukhosi baseRoma, ii-francs zahlela i-state apha apha, kwaye ke intsimi yaqhubeka isuka esandleni sisandla, iyingxenye yeBurgundy duchy (ngasekupheleni kwe-XV-phakathi kwe-XVI leminyaka), ngoko yayiseSpain (kwada kwaqala ekuqaleni kweXVIII inkulungwane). Kwafika ukuhlambalaza: ngo-1713 eBelgium - kwimaphu yoBukumkani baseRoma, kwaye emva kweminyaka engama-23, ngo-1792, le yintsimi yaseFransi.

Emva koko i- Vienna Congress yabanjwa, eyenzelwe "ukubuyisela umyalelo eYurophu" emva kweNapoleonic "ukulungiswa kwemida." Ngenxa yolu daba olufanelekileyo, iBelgium yamanje yazifumana eNetherlands. Ndimele nditsho ukuba le migudu yeziganeko yayingaphefumlelwanga ngokukhethekileyo kubemi belizwe, ngokukodwa ukuthetha isiFrentshi.

YaseBelgium "inombolo enye"

Ukunganeliseki kwabangela ukuguqulwa komsebenzi: emva kweminyaka engama-15 emva kwendibano ekhankanyiweyo, ngo-1830, "ilizwe elincinci kodwa eliziqhenyayo" laba lizwe elizimeleyo. Ukususela ekuqaleni kobukho balo, ngumgaqo-siseko womgaqo-siseko, othi, njengoko kuthethwa ngawo, ulawulwa nguKumkani waseBelgium, eyona nto ihlobisa. Ewe, ngokusemthethweni nguye obeka urhulumente, kodwa ukwakhiwa kweKhabinethi kufuneka kulungelelaniswe nepalamente (leyo, eqinisweni, eyona nto ephakamileyo kweli lizwe).

Ubungqina bunokusebenza njengesiganeko esihle, esenzeka ngo-1990. Emva koko uKumkani waseBelgium uBaudouin ndenqabile ukwenqaba ukusayina umthetho ngokukhipha isisu, kwaye ngaphandle kokutyikitywa kwalo mbhalo ayikwazanga ukusebenza. Emva koko uMkhandlu wezoMthetho wabonisa umzekelo oqaqambileyo wokungabikho kunye nokuhlaselwa, ukuvota ngokumkela inkosi enzima njengemithetho engekho mthethweni - nje ngosuku olunye. Oku kwakwanele: imisebenzi yintloko yentloko iya kwi-prime minister, ngubani "podmahnul" umthetho.

Abameli baseBelgium

Into ebalulekileyo iBelgium iphoqeleke ukuba iqwalaselwe yilwimi ekhulunywe ngabemi bayo. Oku kubonakaliswe kwimeko yombuso karhulumente: umzekelo, isiqingatha sabalungiseleli simele inxalenye yokuthetha isiFrentshi ebantwini, urhulumente uthetha olunye ulwimi. Ulwahlulo lolawulo luvela ikakhulu kule mgaqo, kwiiWalloon naseFlemish, ngokulandelanayo. Enye enye, okwesithathu, yinkunzi yaseBrussels, kodwa ezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho sele bedlala indima yabo apha.

Ngokubanzi, kukho iilwimi ezintathu ezisemthethweni eBelgium. Ukongeza kwiiFrentshi kunye neFlemish (isiDatshi) esele zikhankanywe, isiJamani sinamalungelo afanayo. Kwaye oku kunokuba kunjalo nje ukuba inxalenye yephondo laseLiege iyathetha. Ukumangalisa ngokwenene kwaye ufanelekile ukulingisa yiBelgium: ulwimi, ngenxa yokuba ezinye iintlanga ziyabhubhisa, musa ukuziqhawula.

Ukunyamezela kwabakwaBelgium, ukukwazi ukuxoxisana, ukudibanisana, ukungayihoyi yonke imingcele kunye nobandlululo, umntu unokumhlonela kuphela. Ngoku kutshanje, uluntu lwehlabathi luye lwaxhaswa yiindaba zokuthi umtshato wesini somtshato uvumelekile kwihlabathi jikelele eUnited States. "I-Eka ayibonakali," iBelgium inelungelo lokuthetha ngeli xesha , inyaniso enomdla malunga nokuqulethwe, umzekelo, ulwazi olunjalo oluvumelekileyo ukususela ngo-2003.

Ukongeza, yenye yezinto ezintathu eYurophu, apho i-euthanasia igunyazisiwe ngokomthetho. Ngelo xesha, akukho mntu wayenamahloni ukuba uninzi lwabantu (abangaphezu kwe-70%) bazijonga ngokuba ngamaKatolika, ngenxa yokuba indlela enjalo ebomini yobomi ibonakala ingavumeleki.

Inxalenye yejografi

Intsimi karhulumente ayinkulu - kuphela i-30.5 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha. Inani labantu alithandekiyo: abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-11 (ukuthelekisa: eLondon kuphela kunezigidi ezili-8). Kodwa ubuninzi balo buninzi beyona ephezulu eYurophu.

Abo banomdla kwiindawo apho iBelgium ikhona kwimephu kufuneka ibheke ngasenyakatho-ntshona kweli zwekazi. Kulapho, phakathi kweNetherlands, eJamani, eFransi naseLuxembourg, kukhula (imigangatho yokuphila yabaseBelgium iphakamileyo kakhulu, urhulumente uhlala phakathi kwezi-20 eziphambili kwiimeko ezininzi).

Ngohlobo oluthile lwezinto ezingafaniyo zeendawo zaseBelgium, inyaniso enomdla ngokubhekiselele kwiindawo ezihluke ngokupheleleyo (i-anthropogenic), ayidume. Umzekelo ulula: ekude ukusuka konxweme (ngasentshonalanga ilizwe linyanzeliswe ngamaza eNxweme loMntla), ephakamileyo indawo. Kule nkalo, iBelgium ayinakunzima kwaye ihlukaniswe ibe yinqanaba elingaphantsi, eliphakathi (eliphakathi kwepaule) kunye nephakamileyo (Ardennes Upland).

Isimo sezulu, njengoko besithi, silinganiselwe, sifana neendawo ezininzi zonxweme. Akushushu kakhulu (ngoJulayi - ubuninzi bee-degrees ezingama-25 kummandla wonxweme), ingabanda kakhulu (ebusika - ukuya kweyintathu) akukho nto. Imvula ayiyona into eyinqabileyo, kwaye abahambi kufuneka bahlale bekhumbula ukuba iiArdennes zipholile kakhulu kunxweme.

Intliziyo Yurophu

Ukuba uzama ukuthetha ngokufutshane malunga neBelgium, ngoko yilizwe laseYurophu eliqhelekileyo, elibandakanya yonke into eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Western values". Akunanto eBrussels ukuba inkulu ye-EU kunye nePalamente yeYurophu ikhona, isakhiwo esikhulu samanje esona sakhiwo seendawo. Kwizibuko ezingenakubalwa, apho iindonga zesakhiwo ziphantse ziqulunqwe ngokupheleleyo, kubonakaliswe i-blue blue, ilanga eliphumayo, amafu amnyama.

Wonke umntu unokuya kulo, ngubani oya kudlula inkqubo yokubhalisa kwangaphambili kwaye uya kuguquka ukuba avele kunye noxwebhu olubonisa ubungqina. Emva kokutshekisha umtshini wensimbi kwanoma yiyiphi enye ingozi (njengezixhobo), akunakwenzeka ukuba ingxaki nokuba ihambe kwintlanganiso ethile.

Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, ngaphandle kwamagumbi okubaluleka okusebenzayo, kukho iindawo zokutya kunye nezitolo zokukhumbula apho ungadla kwaye uthenge into ememori, kwaye incwadana enoluhlu lwawo onke amalungelo e-EU ahlalayo (ngolwimi lwawo onke amalungu ayo) unokuthathwa mahhala.

Imbali kunye nesimanje

Ewe, iPalamente yaseYurophu, ngenxa yayo yonke ubukhulu bayo, ayikho into ebalulekileyo yokubhenca eBrussels. Umntu ogqwesileyo kakhulu, ngaphandle kweyiphi enye inkcazo yaseBelgium, yinkwenkwe eyaziwayo yenkwenkwezi, izihlandlo ezingapheliyo ziphinde zenziwe kwakhona kwiipastadidi kunye nezikhumbuzo. Isithandwa sakhe, esingenasisombululo somntwana, abaseBrusselsia bayamthanda kwaye, ngexesha lamaholide ahlukahlukeneyo, bamgqokisa kwiingubo ezifanelekileyo, inani lawo lide lidlulile ngamakhulu mathandathu.

Kuya kuba kuhle ukuthetha ukuba yonke into uBelgium idume ngayo, inyaniso enomdla malunga nokuba ingabaleki, idalwe ngezandla zomntu. Phantse zonke iidolophu zasendulo zinemizekelo emikhulu kakhulu yobugcisa bexesha elide.

Intshona Venice kunye ne "Mini Yurophu"

Izakhiwo zonke zezakhiwo zeGothic ezimangalisayo ziyinkohlakalo enkulu yeBrussels, iGhent, iAntwerp neBruges. Olu hlobo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, luye lwaziwa ngokubanzi njengeNorthern Venice, njengoko lichazwe ngamanzi, apho iinqanawa zihamba khona ngokukhawuleza.

Izitalato ezinqabileyo, iintempile ezithandekayo, izindlu zasebukhosini ezihle kakhulu - yonke le yimihla ngemihla, ebonisa imbali yaseBelgium. Isimo sengqondo kubakhenkethi apha sisona sigqithiso, iindwendwe zininzi kwaye zininzi, kwaye inani lezinto ezikhangayo likhulu kakhulu, kwinyanga engaboni.

Kodwa abo baseBelgiya abanobuqili banika ithuba lokubona zonke izikhumbuzo ezisemgangathweni zeli zwekazi zingaphantsi kweentsuku: ePaki yaseYurophu yaseYurophu, kwindawo engama-24 yeekhilomitha ezi-square, ikopi (ikota yelikhulu) kwinto yonke imizi ezininzi kwilizwekazikazi ziziqhenyce. Apha wena noBen Ben, kunye ne-Eiffel Tower zihamba ngeendlela ezimbalwa.

I-Belgian Footprint kwi-World Art

Kodwa ngokugqithiseleyo, eBelgium, abavakalisi babo abaqulethekanga, bayaziqhenya kakhulu ngemvelaphi yemisebenzi yobugcisa, apho kukho ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, iCathhedral of Our Lady yaseBruges ngumnikazi wesakhiwo "uMadonna noMntwana" nguMichelangelo. Lo ngumfanekiso kuphela weBuararroti, owasuka e-Itali ngexesha lokuphila kwenkosi, ekubeni okokuqala kwakujoliswe kule tempile.

Ukongeza, imbali yaseBelgium iqulethe elinye iphepha elikhazimulayo elibhekiselele kwizopolitiko, kodwa kwenkcubeko: Ukupenda kweFlemish ngenye yeziganeko ezibalaseleyo nezoqobo kwizinto zobugcisa. Wanikela iplanethi njengabaphathi abakhulu abafana noJan van Eyck, uRubens, njl. Uninzi lwezikhwama ezikhoyo kwi-array of artists evelele zigcinwa kwiiRoyum Museums of Fine Arts, eziphethwe nguRhulumente.

Iholide yendwendwe

EBelgium, wonke umntu uya kufumana into ayithandayo. Unokuba nomdla omkhulu kwizikhumbuzo zobugcisa bexesha elide, u tyelele iMyuziyamu yeZakhiwo zanamhlanje, ulale entlabathi okanye uphumule kwenye yee-pubs zendawo: kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-800 zebhiya ezigqitywe apha (kunye nabantu baseBelgium baziwa ngokubanzi nje ngokuba yiyona nto ibonakalayo).

Akunakwenzeka ukuba uthethe ngeBelgium kwaye ungathethi igama malunga nekhelethi yendawo edumile, eveliswa ngonyaka kwixabiso leetoni ezingama-220. Abaphandi abanzi be-Intanethi babalwa ukuba ngokwemyinge, yonke iBelgium ijikeleza malunga ne-tile yemveliso emnandi ngosuku.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, oku akuhambelani nxamnye nenyaniso, kwaye kungekhona nje ngokuba "kukho ubuxoki, ubuxoki obucacileyo kunye neenkcukacha", kodwa nangenxa yesizathu sokuthi isabelo esilungileyo secokoti esithunyelwayo sithunyelwa ngaphandle, oko kuthetha ukuba awonjalo abaseBelgiya abakwenzayo nantoni na. Yikuphi, nangona kunjalo, ungacingi konke malunga nale nto.

Ukuqonda okukhethekileyo

I-key-key, engeyena enobudlova, kodwa eyingqayizivele, eyayimvelaphi kunye neyodwa - ezi zi-epithets, ezenza iBelgium ifanele umlinganiselo opheleleyo. Inyaniso enomdla malunga "nobomi obunzima bemihla ngemihla" yabemi basekuhlaleni inokunikezelwa iiyure. Nantoni na ukuchaphazela: indlela yokuphila, umthetho okanye inkcubeko - kuzo zonke iindlela zendawo eziqhelekileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, eBelgium akukho mntu unelungelo lokufunda, kuba le nkqubo ayichazwanga njengento enkulu kwaye ayikho yonke into efanelekileyo, kodwa njengelungelo elithandekayo. Kuze kube ngu-18 - kufuneka ufunde, emva kwe-18 - iya kwiipota kwaye uvote. Enyanisweni, kwi-"depotism" enjalo, akukho mntu uziva uhlungu, obonisa ukungabikho kokufuduka. Ngenxa yoko akukho mntu ufuna ukuhamba-ngokuphambene noko. Kwaye iBelgium ibonisa ukungenisa izihambi ezimangalisayo: ihlala kwindawo yesibini (emva kweChanada) ehlabathini ngokubhekiselele kwinani labangaphandle abafumene ubuzwe.