DHCP - yintoni na le nto? Kulungiselelwa DHCP, iinketho zoqwalaselo. Indlela ukwenza okanye ukukhubaza lo DHCP?

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngasinye isixhobo womnatha, nokuba ikhompyutha, laptop, tablet okanye ifowuni, kufuneka ube id ethile email - IP-idilesi, kunye iseti parameters afihla, isango, kwaye idata kwi DNS-server. Idilesi ye umsebenzisi womnatha xa uxhume nangoko ezama ukufumana ukusuka izixhobo ezizodwa, nto leyo ibandakanyeka ukwabiwa iidilesi oluzenzekelayo. Ukuba izixhobo akakho, ngoko ke umsebenzisi kufuneka ufake useto womnatha ngesandla. Ukuba inethiwekhi a lot of computers, kusenokuba kukho iimpazamo kule dilesi ekujonganeni kwaye duplicate, kukhokelele ukusilela kwinkqubo wehlise komsebenzi womnatha. Kwi Inetweki yekhaya, xa kungekho dilesi nasekukhupheni oluzenzekelayo kufuneka ubhalise useto womnatha ngesandla kwisixhobo ngasinye loqhakamshelwano, umzekelo, ukuya umzila. Akukho msebenzisi zonke unolwazi olwaneleyo namava ukuba ulungise kakuhle ezi zicwangciso. Ngoko ke, apha ekhaya, abasebenzisi abaninzi kakhulu zama ukuba kubekho usasazo oluzenzekelayo iidilesi, oko ngokwandisa iseva DHCP.

DHCP - yintoni na le nto?

Makhe sihlolisise lo mbuzo. Ukuze aphephe iimpazamo, Yomamkeli Dynamic Uqwalaselo (DHCP) protocol iye yaphunyezwa kunye nedilesi. Lo ngumsebenzi ebonelela izicwangciso obuluqilima network nokwabiwa ukudibanisa oomatshini client. Ukuba ezi zixhobo kwi ukhetho Useto kufuneka 'ukufumana IP Idilesi-kwiseva DHCP kuphela "kwaye DHCP yenziwe, ngoko ke uxanduva lonke izicwangciso womnatha echanekileyo kwiikhompyutha umxhasi ithunyelwa DHCP-server. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zenkxaso yolawulo womnatha, kwakunye nokunceda ukuphepha iimpazamo ukwabiwa iidilesi. Inkonzo, kuquka DHCP, iqala ngokuzenzekelayo xa uvula nasiphi na isixhobo exhasa interfaces inethiwekhi ngeengcingo okanye wireless ngokwendalo. Umzekelo, kwi elucwecweni okanye ifowuni kwanele ukubandakanya Wi-Fi kunye izixhobo ezifumaneka, ukusasaza internet, fumana wakhe ukudibanisa kuwo. Kulo mzekelo, ukusasazwa oluzenzekelayo iidilesi IP ephelisa ukuphindwa kwaye, ngenxa yoko, inceda ukuthintela ukubethabethana womnatha.

Njani ukwabiwa iidilesi

Xa uqhagamshela nasiphi na isixhobo kwinethiwekhi lisasazwa isicelo esisodwa ukuthumela kwinethiwekhi ukwenzela ukufumana iinketho umthengisi ukuba DHCP umncedisi kwi-network. Le nto umncedisi noko kubalulekile ukuba inethiwekhi enkulu? Ngoko ke wabiza isixhobo elinoxanduva ukuhambisa iidilesi kwiikhompyutha kumsebenzi womnatha ukuba isicelo ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba umncedisi omnye ukho, oko kudala impendulo zepakethe kwi isicelo client, enokuquka izicwangciso ezifana idilesi ye-IP, subnet imaski, parameters yesango, iidilesi DNS-server, ithambeka, njalo njalo. D., athume zepakethe ukuya kwisixhobo client . Umntu esifumana i SIGILL uphawu isiqinisekiso ukusuka kwiseva DHCP. Kwe packet data na standardised, ngoko uyakwazi ukubonakalisa okufihliweyo kwaye usebenzise phantse kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza.

Parameters ekhutshwe yi umncedisi ukuya izixhobo umxhasi aye umhla wokugqiba kuyaqwalaseleka, eye igama layo - "ixesha lease". Iidilesi asinikezwanga kumncedisi zihlahlelwe ukuba umdlalo ne dilesi wangoku kunye nexesha yengqeshiso elingagqitywanga, itsho idilesi phindwa iyapheliswa. ixesha kwirenti idla wabeka elincinane - iiyure eziliqela ukuya kwiintsuku 4-6. Emva kweli xesha, ifowuni ephinda isicelo kumncedisi kwaye ufumana kwakule dilesi inye (ukuba ikhona), okanye nayiphi na efumanekayo.

uqwalaselo client oluzenzekelayo uqwalaselo womnatha kwi Windows

Ukuze iklayenti ufumene useto womnatha impendulo evela DHCP, kufuneka uhlole i izicwangciso ezimbalwa iPhaneli yeziLawuli ikhompyutha (kuxoxwa ngazo kwinkqubo yokusebenza njengomzekelo Windows). Ukuze wenze oku, yiya Qala, ngoko - in Control Panel (ufuna ukutshintshela umbono okumGangatho) kwaye ukhetha "Connections Network." Ukukhetha uqhagamshelo womnatha, nto leyo icetyelwe ukuba ukusebenza kunye DHCP, nqakraza kuyo iqhosha lemouse ekunene kwaye yiya kwi "Iimpawu 'into. Kwi window evulayo, yiya kwi Iimpahla ye Internet protocol TCP / IP. DHCP - yintoni na le nto? Kubalulekile ukufumana useto zenethiwekhi oluzenzekelayo. Ngoko sibhiyozela iinketho amanqaku ukufumana ngokuzenzekelayo i IP-idilesi kunye DNS. Emva kokuba ukhethile, nqakraza "Kulungile". DHCP uqwalaselo sigcwaliswe client. Ngoku ke isixhobo ziya kufumana i-idilesi evela DHCP-server ngokuzenzekelayo xa Windows iqala.

DHCP Kulungiselelwa kwi Windows 7 ifakwe ngokufanayo, kodwa indawo iimpawu amaqhoshana wahlukile kancinci ukususela Windows XP. vele uye Qala - iPhaneli yeziLawuli - Ulawulo Network kunye Centre Ukwabelana. Khetha "Tshintsha Useto iadaptha" ukhetho kwi menu ekhohlo. Emva koko - ezifana kungentla, ngokwezicwangciso XP Windows.

Icwangcisa ukwabiwa oluzenzekelayo iidilesi ukusebenza nezinye iinkqubo

Kwizixhobo Linux- okanye Android-enikwe ngokunxulumene eziku DHCP-server akukho inethiwekhi ngxaki. Enye kuphela ukuba ibandakanye umsebenzisi womnatha (igxunyekwe okanye wireless), linda de ngokutshintshiselana data yabanjwa phakathi kwefowni iseva DHCP kwaye qinisekisa ukuba useto womnatha lufumaneka kwaye isetyenziswe ngempumelelo. inkonzo DHCP phantse zonke izixhobo eyenziwe ngokungagqibekange.

Ukuba uxhulumaniso kungenzeki, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola ubume iidilesi yolwamkelo oluzenzekelayo. Umzekelo, kwi-Android, le yokusebenza nkqubo oku, yiya kwi Izicwangciso - Network Besprovodnyve - Izicwangciso Wi-Fi - Ukongeza, kwaye ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhetho "ukusebenzisa i IP-idilesi engatshintshiyo" ukhubazekile.

Data DHCP ezidluliselwa

Iinketho DHCP - ezi ubuninzi kudluliselwa ukusuka kwiseva ukuya client. Zonke ezi parameters transfer zihlukaniswe ngezigaba. Kukho ukhetho inyanzelekile, umzekelo IP-idilesi kunye subnet imaski. Kukho nenastraivaemye iinketho nkonzo ukuba, umzekelo, bonisa isiqalo nesiphelo ukhetho epakethini ngesondo. Xa neentlobo zayo ongundoqo - esiveza bengababini iqhosha-ixabiso ukuze sibonwe kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo zokhuseleko ebekwe.

iparameters eziphambili kule DHCP ipakethe, ngaphandle IP-idilesi kunye imaski yi-3 (Indlela), 6 (Domain Name Kumncedisi), 44 (NBT Igama Kumncedisi), 46 (NBT ebonakala Uhlobo). Ezi qela izilungiselelo, oko kukuthi, kunokuba neentsingiselo eziliqela. Umzekelo, kusenokuba kukho iidilesi ezininzi lokuphuma kwama okanye DNS-server. Amaxabiso ukhetho ziyafakwa kuqwalaselo DHCP-server.

DHCP izilungiselelo kumncedisi

Phambi zokuqwalasela useto, kufuneka wenze izibalo embalwa yeenketho eziphambili DHCP. Yintoni le yeenketho ezinjalo? - ubuze. Option - ukuba zonke izicwangciso zenethiwekhi, leyo kudluliselwa ukusuka kwiseva ukuya client. Iinketho ezimbini eziphambili - zinikwe uluhlu iidilesi kunye subnet imaski. Lonke uluhlu lweedilesi lombutho kudla yahlulwe ngokwamacandelo eziliqela kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ezifana ezonxibelelwano, iidilesi iseva emile, njalo njalo. Kuba iidilesi static ukuba bazibandakanye esandleni, ukudala umthwalo owongezelelweyo kumncedisi, ukuba zibe iidilesi nga Mazikhutshwe mda. Ngokomzekelo, xa uluhlu olusebenzayo singaba 192.168.1.1-192.168.1.254 idilesi 1 ukuya ku-10 ukumisela unxibelelwano, ukususela 11 ukuya 30 - kuba iseva kunye DHCP ukukhetha uluhlu ukusuka kuma-31 ukuya 254. Oko kukuthi, idilesi nayiphi umncedisi ekhutshwe ngumxhasi, iya kubutha kuphela kweli banga. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona tune uzinike kude uluhlu idilesi ngaphandle, yaye, kakhulu, akuyi kunikwa izixhobo client.

Okulandelayo, phambi kokuba uqwalasele iseva DHCP, kufuneka imisele ukuba yeyiphi khetho baya siphele. Ingaba kukho imfuneko ukusasaza, umzekelo, imida wesango okanye DNS. Emva le datha wangena kumncedisi, kwaye aqalise iseva yayo lokuvula uqala ukuhambisa iidilesi.

Ekhaya DHCP-server

Housing njengoko DHCP-abancedisi badla ukusebenzisa imizila, apho avela kumboneleli umxholo ukusasaza iteknoloji ekhaya - iikhompyutha, laptops, iifowuni, shini kunye nezinye izixhobo enxulumene kwinethiwekhi ngendlela ngeengcingo okanye wireless. Oku kwenza into efana iseva virtual, umthengisi ethetha abasebenzisi. Ukusuka ngaphandle kubonakala ngathi umsebenzisi wavula kwi computer enye amaphepha ambalwa kwi browser. Kulo mzekelo, enyanisweni, umzila enye kuphela idityanisiwe kumsebenzi wothungelwano wangaphandle. Oku kungakongela kakhulu kwinani imigca enxulumene.

Ukubeka up ngokuzenzekelayo dilesi kwi umzila

Ukuze ukuqwalasela ukuhanjiswa oluzenzekelayo idilesi izixhobo ekhaya kufuneka ukuqhagamshela umzila kwikhompyutha (laptop) intambo womnatha. Kuyo nayiphi na umkhangeli umisela idilesi umzila (ngokuqhelekileyo 192.168.0.1). Intsimi olucetywayo isicelo sokungena kwaye ngenisa igama lokugqitha engagqibekanga «admin» (kaninzi i data ezicaciswe kule ncwadana yokusebenza ye umzila). Ngenxa yoko, le menu uya kubona izicwangciso umzila lowo. Siya Iiforam okanye Lan Network (igama kuyohluka) kwaye ufumane sub-menu kunye DHCP izilungiselelo. Njani vula iidilesi umzila mna ukwabiwa? uphawu nje imigca ukuba DHCP kwaye iqalise umzila.

Kulungiselelwa DHCP umzila

Ukuba izakhelo engagqibekanga ungayithandi, unako ukutshintsha i parameters uqwalaselo. Kwi menu efanayo apho siye zibandakanya umsebenzi unikezelo idilesi, ungafaka uluhlu distribution of IP-iiadresi, ezifana 192.153.0.1 - 192.153.0.3. Kuba umsebenzi uyakwazi ukukhankanya iidilesi ezimbini kuphela, umzekelo, laptop iselula. Oku kunciphisa inani izixhobo okuhambisanayo, nto leyo uqhagamshelwano ilula kakhulu ezikhuselweyo.

Okulandelayo, ukuqwalasela yesango (Gataway). Le IP-idilesi kwefowuni apho izixhobo intanethi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, olu khetho efanayo njengoko IP-idilesi umzila.

Ekubeni wadala useto esisiseko, kufuneka ndibasindise ze uqale kwakhona i umzila. ngoko nangoko emva kokuba izicwangciso uqale ukuthatha isiphumo.

Phambi kokuba khubaza DHCP, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba ifowuni yakho inedilesi static. Ukuze ukukhubaza usasazo imfuneko ngokuzenzekela ukususa uphawu ukusuka DHCP ukhetho kwi izicwangciso zendlela, ukugcina utshintsho uze uyivule ifowuni.