Credit cards International: iintlobo, nendlela yokufumana kunye nokusetyenziswa

Namhlanje, iibhanki Russian zinika uluhlu olubanzi amakhadi zeplastiki. Ezinye zazo zingasetyenziswa kuphela ngaphakathi elizweni, ngoxa abanye - amazwe. International credit cards yamkelwe iinkonzo zentlawulo bakhonza kwi iiclamps kanye ATM naphi na ehlabathini.

A incinane

yebhanki yokuqala ikhadi analogue wabonakala ngowe-1914 e-New York. Bandula ukhuphe amakhadi le khadibodi mayisetyenziselwe ukungqinisisa yokuhlawula amatyala umthengi lowo. kweminyaka 14 kamva ngenjongo enye intsimbi waqalisa ukusetyenziswa, nto leyo eya imishini ukuhluzwa ulwazi. Inkqubo yokuqala mass intlawulo yaqaliswa ngo-1949 phantsi kobunkokheli sangokuhlwa Club. Yaba inkqubo club kunye nenani eliqingqiweyo nxaxheba, owayesebenza ngendlela efanayo njengoko mihla Visa kunye MasterCard.

Amakhadi waqala ukuba anikwe-imi- 50 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela eUnited States njengesixhobo entsha iintlawulo ikheshi, ngokubuyisela lixesha zetsheke. Omnye uvulindlela ngowe-1951, iye ibhanki New York Long Island Bank. EYurophu, ekuthandazeni kwakhe isixhobo sentlawulo omtsha waqalisa British inkampani nale Services. Kuphela ngokusebenzisa komcu Imagnethi yabonakala, kwiminyaka 90 chip 10 iiplastiki apha ngezantsi.

lwamagama

Phambi kokuba kuqwalaselwe inkqubo transactions amakhadi ebhanki ngamazwe, kufuneka ufunde imigaqo esisiseko:

• Ukufumana - bank ukukhonza imephu.
• Sobunyani - iziko lamatyala onikele ngayo.
• iziko Processing - ilicandelo iibhanki ukuba asebenzisane phakathi nxaxheba zokuhlala ngenjongo yokuqokelela nokulungiswa card.
• akhawunti intatheli wavula yibhanki kwi Central Bank.

I algorithm of the ukubala

Ukusebenza kunye amakhadi ebhanki ngamazwe enokwenziwa ngalo naliphi na umthombo othenge ehlabathini, terminal yaxhobisa. Kodwa kule meko, inkqubo yomsebenzi yahlukile kwi-standard:

• Ngexesha terminal yentlawulo esiqinisekisa ukuchana zeplastiki kunye nokufumaneka imali kwi-akhawunti.
• Iindlela Enrolment, i-terminal ikhupha irisithi.
• Trading point adlulisele yebhanki yayo yokufumana, edwelisa isixa-akhawunti yenkampani. Kwakhona sa ulwazi malunga neentengiselwano usebenzisa amakhadi amazwe iziko processing.
• Ezi data ziqokelelwe, zihlalutywe, uze ulwazi engumphumela kwaziswa kwinkqubo sobunyani, uyinikezelwayo kunye nentlawulo.
• bank Ukuhlaliswa uyawususa imali efunekayo kwingxelo umnikeli kunye uyinikezelwayo uqhubeka.
• Ibhanki ukukhupha ubhala off ityala kunye ikhadi kunye zonke iindleko ikhomishini.

izibalo

Ngaphandle awohluke imarike yasekhaya, iintlawulo ikarati ukunyusa iminyaka ngeminyaka. Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, inani ekhutshwe yaba million 230 iziqwenga, apho kuphela 30 ezigidi -. Ekunye umda ngetyala. Kuphela imarike Russian kunye nenani kwintengiselwano angaphandle banda izihlandlo ezi-6 yaye zaba ziingceba 2,549 billion. Ngelo xesha linye i baseRashiya Akufane kwenzeke ukurhoxisa imali kwi-akhawunti (transactions million 751 izifundo ezingama-5 317 400 000 000 miri.) Yaye ngaphezulu ukusebenzisa ikhadi okuhlawulela iimpahla (million 1798 iintengiselwano imali 1,714 ezigidi engange.). Isizathu kukunyuka kwenani leendawo ezishishina, mayixhotyiswe terminal, kunye nokwandisa inani-ATM, indlela apho asuswe (224 amawaka. IiPC.) Yaye okuhlawulela iimpahla (amawaka 133. IiPC.).

iintlobo amakhadi

Kwihlabathi kukho iinkqubo zentlawulo ezimbini ngamazwe ngokusekelwe amakhadi ebhanki: Visa kunye MasterCard. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha imarike kuthatha Visa inkqubo International - 57%. E MasterCard International akhawunti ye-26% yemarike. Kwakhona, kukho ezinye nxaxheba: American Express (13%), DinersClub (4%) kunye JCB - (4%). Eyona umsebenzi kweenkqubo yentlawulo - ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintlawulo phakathi kweenxweme onke amazwe. MasterCard ihlanganisa amaziko ngaphezulu kwama-20 amawaka zemali kumazwe 220, MVUME LOKUNDWENDWELA LEXESHANA -. 21 amawaka imibutho .. cards International VISA zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ngokwenza ntlawulo eerandi. MasterCard swi nayo kwi-euro. Nangona kunjalo, kuba umlinganiselo umthengi Russian umahluko phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini musa.

neminye imiqathango

izixhobo intlawulo debit zisetyenziselwa ukwenza izibalo osemagunyeni akhawunti zabathengi. Ezi iiplastiki idla ngokusetyenziswa imivuzo kunye neeprojekthi zasekuhlaleni. amakhadi Credit zikuvumela ukuba okuhlawulela iimpahla ngeendleko imali ebhankini, uze ubuyele ityala aqokelelwe ndawonye kwenzala. Le Nkcazelo olujikelezayo umgca onokuthenga ngayo ngabanye.

Kukho kwakhona ukwahlulwa ngokweendidi: evela Electron and Maestro ukuba 'platinum ". Ukuba uphakamile lo udidi, amathuba afumanekayo kumnini, nto leyo echaphazela iindleko ngeplastiki ngakumbi. credit cards International ziyafumaneka kwizigaba Classic, Gold, Platinum kanye Edition Black. Ngenxa yokwanda eklasini nkonzo ekhula umda ngetyala. Umzekelo, ikhadi odidi letyala, "Alfa Bank" nivuke ku 150 lamawaka engange, kunye platinum -. Sele 750 amawaka engange ..

Bekela bucala kwiklasi olwahlukileyo amakhadi elektroniki, ecingisisiweyo eendaba emzimbeni. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe kuphela xa kuthengwa iimpahla phezu Internet.

amakhadi International credit kunye umda zeentengo zemboleko kujoliswe ikakhulu ngabathengi rhoqo ukuhamba. Kubo, kwavela elinye imveliso ezikhethekileyo - amakhadi co-uphawu kunye iindiza. Ngokutsho kwakhe Holder ifumana eyongezelelweyo ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa kweenkonzo iqabane. Umzekelo, abanini nge Visa "Aeroflot" amakhadi yaqokelelwa "imayela" inkcitho yokuthenga lamatikiti yinkampani enye. Enye indlela olongezelelweyo - Cash Back. Kuba ezithengwa ehlawulwa ikhadi ekupheleni kwenyanga umnini ufumene ipesenti ethile bachitha imali wabuyela akhawunti. Ezinye kweplastiki zange kwahluka ukusuka amakhadi njengesiqhelo.

ukubhalisa

Phantse wonke umsebenzi unalo Russian ikhadi debit, apho umvuzo ibalwa. Amaninzi oko zeplastiki Electron kunye Maestro, kodwa iinkampani eziqinileyo banike abasebenzi babo amakhadi ebhanki ngamazwe. Unga-odola ikhadi, qhagamshelana ibhanki ngokuzimeleyo.

Inkqubo yokwenza isicelo kulula. Kufuneka uvule umqeshwa ebhankini, ayisondeze ibe yokundwendwela, uxwebhu yesibini eqinisekisa yesazisi (mvume lokuqhuba, incwadi yokundwendwela, njl) baze babhale ingxelo. Kwiiveki ezimbini kuya kufuneka alinde de uya kwenza zeplastiki. ngamnye ngonyaka yentlawulo yenkonzo itsaliwe kwi akhawunti ngqo. isixhobo sentlawulo zeplastiki esele inikwe imali eseleyo ezimbi.

Uku-odola ikhadi lebhanki letyala, kufuneka ulungise Ukongezelela ingxelo yengeniso ulinde impendulo umphathi-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko. Ukufumaneka ipaspoti kunye amatywina fresh on Public phesheya okanye amaxwebhu kwipropati kwandisa amathuba okufumana ikhadi lamatyala.

Ngokuba bani?

Nokuba ngaba ukusebenzisa iinkonzo ze-moya, akufane ehamba ngaphandle kweli lizwe, kufuneka ube ikhadi amazwe ngamazwe umda ngetyala ukuba buhlungu. Nangaliphi na ixesha, kusenokuba yimfuneko ukwenza yokuthenga iimpahla yamanye amazwe nge-intanethi okanye abanengxaki izixhobo debit intlawulo.

Namhlanje, amakhadi ngetyala amazwe ngamazwe umda ngetyala - yindlela elula yokuhlawula eziya kwamkelwa nayiphi ihlabathi estrus. Ukuba oyifunayo, umntu nokuba ukufumana imveliso kunye ixesha ubabalo elide nomiselo ubuncinane evela-ATM.

Nikela Savings Bank

Ebhankini inkulu Russian unokukhupha ngamazwe amakhadi Maestro kunye Electron. Benza izinto zibe lula kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa yaye kubize ukugcina. bank Sberbank ikhadi International kuvumela umnini ukufumana umvuzo, mali sedipozithi, ukuba ahlawulele iimpahla kwakunye neevenkile eRashiya kunye namazwe aphesheya. amakhadi Classic isebe ukufumana izaphulelo kukuthenga kwiivenkile iqabane. yesondlo zolondolozo iindleko kunye 30 900 engange (zeedollar, euro) kunyaka wokuqala kunye 600 engange, 20 (zeedollar, euro) - kuyo yonke iminyaka elandelayo.

iklasi best ikhadi lebhanki Gold ilungiselelwe abathengi oyithandayo. Iindleko zenkonzo yawo ngonyaka 3000 engange. Kuba imali umxhasi ufumana isixhobo nje jikelele intlawulo into edityaniswe kwi-akhawunti in engange, zeerandi okanye euro, kodwa ithuba lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwizabelo ebhankini kunye nenkqubo yentlawulo ngokwayo, ukwenza notsalo ngaphandle ikhadi kwi-ofisi ngebhokisi nayiphi na ibhanki aphesheya. Ukongeza, Gold Card kukuqinisekisa ubume mali elungileyo kunye nobume ophezulu entlalweni yomnini.

Isohlwayo of market logcino i

Ngokutsho CBR, kulo nyaka uphelileyo, amaziko amatyala anikwa amakhadi million 234, apho 87% - 13% kunye debit - credit. Phantsi ifuthe kwezohlwayo ngamazwe inani yeebhanki abenza ekufumaneni, kwehle nge-7.8% ukuya neeyunithi 572. Uninzi amakhadi ezikhutshiweyo libhekisela iinkqubo zentlawulo yasekuhlaleni. Oku yabonakalisa ukukhula bamalungelo ukuba lwezixhobo yentlawulo: umhlalaphansi kunye nabantu abasebenza baqala ukuba akhuphe amakhadi lwentlalo ukhuseleko ukufumana izibonelelo.