Russian igolide lwemali oovimba: ubungakanani, isakhiwo, okuhambisa

zegolide Russian kunye noovimba ikharensi yolondolozo olucwangcisiweyo ngohlobo amatye anqabileyo, iidayimani, izikhundla eziphambili reserve currency amazwe zijikwe, amalungelo umzobo ekhethekileyo, ezinye ii-asethi ulwelo kakhulu. Ingasetyenziswa ngamaqumrhu karhulumente kumgaqo wolawulo ukwenzela ukugcina izinga lotshintshiselwano engange, balance ngemali lwentlawulo kusilela, ukuxhasa uqoqosho lwasekhaya. Umdibaniso oovimba kaRhulumente (Ministry of Finance) kunye Central Bank.

imithetho emarike musani lubonisa esitalini, enokuxelwa kwangaphambili, ikhondo ezicwangcisiweyo. Kwelinye icala, iincopho, iintlambo, uphuhliso wovandlakanyo yemvelo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi lwale mihla. Njengokugudisa impembelelo bokuwa elibukhali ukondla inkqubo yezimali, ukuvuselela imveliso kumazwe amaninzi baziqwebele inxalenye mali yabo koovimba yesizwe. Zabo alingana imfuyo lwehlabathi kwi-12 ezigidi zeerandi.

Ubungakanani mazwe

zolondolozo Gold Russia ngo-2014 (Agasti 1) lilingana 468.4 ezigidi zeerandi. Lo mzobo yesithandathu phakathi onke amazwe. Loo imali ethe yenza kube yalula ngokwentelekiso ukunyamezela yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho, ukuba imali kwiiprojekthi ixesha elide, ukuba usebenzise imali kwi likaxakeka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba istokhwe ngeli thuba ezimbalini lifinyele (4 billion kwiveki yokugqibela ka July).

• Sibe iphezulu ehlabathini "injini" --Peoples Republic of China. Eli lizwe ukwakha loovimba qhinga. It liye landa nge-3.09%, lwathi 3.8 ezigidi zeerandi ngo-2013.
• esitokisini izihlandlo ezithathu ezincinane eJapan ngoFebruwari 2014, ukuba kwabalelwa ngenxa 1.288 ezigidi zeerandi.
• I-European Central Bank ekuqaleni 2014 oovimba $ 771,789 billion.
• Ngaphezu babelawula igolide reserve Russia e-Saudi Arabia kunye neSwitzerland.
• US reserve ngoFebruwari 2014 yaba 146.057 ezigidi zeerandi (18 th indawo).

isakhiwo

Umgaqo ukuyilwa "Gold kunye currency amazwe nengobozi" busenza ukuba ubukho kakhulu lulwelo lwemali reserve, igolide emali kunye nezinye amatye anqabileyo, ii-asethi zemali yamazwe ngamazwe. amazinga Exchange ukuba oqhagamshelwano phakathi ngoko, ukuba omnye lwemali ku pair ufumana atshiphu, kwaye eyesibini - kulingana abizayo. Ngenxa yoko, akukho mali ukulahleka reserve. Ubume begolide nemali zangaphandle oovimba Russia esoloko itshintsha, elandela indlela eluhamba ngayo uqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngaphambili, sisiseko lungiselelo amatye anqabileyo kunye US dollar. Njengoko ukusungulwa eqhelekileyo yaseYurophu lwemali,-euro ayegqatse kakhulu dollar.

ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwi US dollar onyanzelisa ilizwe diversify oovimba bayo. Russia linikeza ukuba States achaphazelekayo ukuze akuthathele (ukudala) enye imali engenye kwihlabathi. Ngelo xesha sisandisa nesabelo esisengobozini iimali kwamanye amazwe phambili. Umzekelo, ebekelwe bucala ahlanganiswe kakhulu dollar waseKhanada, imina waseBritani, yen Japanese.

• Isabelo lwemali amazwe - 85%. Umzekelo, 44,7% yaba US dollar, i-euro kwikota yoku-1 ka-2013 - 40,3%, lo omhle imina - 9.9%, i-dollar waseKhanada - 2.3%, lo yen - 1%.
• ngegolide Monetary - 8.9%.
• umzobo Special kuthetha - 2%.
• isikhundla reserve IMF - 1%.

oovimba zegolide

reserve igolide Russia isekelwe kuphela kwi lwemali. Iidayimani kunye amatye anqabileyo nazo zibandakanyiwe kubume reserve. Nemivalo yayo ngegolide, mbala, isilivere, platinum. Gold yeyona mali uthandwayo kwixesha elide. Nangona ixabiso layo kwimakethi kuxhomekeke ukuhla enkulu ntlekele "iintsimbi etyheli 'uba indlela linokuthenjwa intlawulo.

Amazwe banezimvo ezahlukeneyo nokwenzeka lokwandisa zengxowa bullion ngegolide. Kwelinye icala, ukuba sele iimeko lentlekele kakhulu kwezoqoqosho kunye amathuba okulwa. Kwelinye - abakulo nasemagumbini ubunzima kwabafileyo, kunokuba ukusebenza kuqoqosho. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States, ngaphezulu kwama-70% ye-Reserve - oko igolide, China - 1.1%. oovimba zegolide Russian esa kwi ico - 1040,7 tonnes. Noko ke, amaxesha 8 incinane izitora eUnited States.

Umthamo zolondolozo zegolide, 2014

okuhambisa

Uqoqosho Russian ubukhulu becala yakhelwe ijikeleze imveliso kunye nokuthengiswa iziveliso ekrwada. Urhulumente wathatha indawo kwimigaqo - ukuba ufuna ukufumana kude imodeli kuqoqosho yorhwebo nokuphuhlisa imveliso eliphezulu-zobugcisa. Kwakuza kuthatha iminyaka kunye iibhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-mali. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, reserve igolide eRashiya isekelwe phezu intengiso izimbiwa kunye nezakhi zawo. A share kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle - hydrocarbon (oyile negesi), i-oyile kunye nesinyithi.

Xa sihlalutya igolide lwemali zolondolozo eRashiya, okuhambisa kufumaniseka ukuba aba lolu ngokucacileyo. Kuba buxhomekeke kakhulu kwi imeko izinto ekrwada ehlabathini - ingakumbi e Europe, kubathengi eziphambili igesi Russian kunye namafutha. 10.7 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi - umzekelo, ubuncinane fund reserve zembali yabhaliswa ngo-1999. Kulo nyaka, amaxabiso e-oli ziye encinci kwiminyaka engama-25 edlulileyo, zindanda kufuphi $ 10 umphanda.

eliphezulu zembali

Ngo-2007, kuye kwakho ukunyuka okukhulu kwemfuno ioli. Ngo-Julayi 2008 it bhalisa ixabiso eliphezulu "ibhaskiti OPEC" (umlinganiselo isalathiso ixabiso Umphanda oli kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngamnye) - $ 140.73. Iindleko gas bopha amaxabiso oyile, ngokulandelelanayo, yaye landa. Urhulumente Ndandingekakulungeli ukufunda ukuhamba irruptive imali. Inxalenye surplus kuye kwagqitywa ekubeni yande oovimba. Ngo-Agasti 2008, ubukhulu loovimba Russia zehlabathi bafikelela ubuninzi zembali - 598.1 billion zeerandi.

day namhlanje

imeko nkqubo angaphandle Namhlanje kunye ukuhla kwamaxabiso kwezixhobo zendalo zinyanzela urhulumente ukuba asebenzise inxalenye loovimba ukuxhasa uqoqosho, esomeleza umkhosi, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya. Ukuba igolide lwemali oovimba eRashiya kwaba 2014.03.07 494.6 ezigidi zeerandi, ngo-Agasti wawa ukuya 468.4 ezigidi. Ngokucacileyo, ukunyuka koovimba ngenxa kufutshane ikamva labo kubonakele. Noko ke, yobungakanani neemali zangaphandle - asinto sisalathisi ukusebenza yoqoqosho. Ukuba mali zichithwa yotshintsho, uphando, utyalo-mali, imali echithwa namhlanje uya kubuya ngomso ngohlobo zobuchwepheshe obutsha, imveliso mihla, ukuphucula imigangatho yokuphila, ukuphucula ukhuseleko kwelizwe.