Convergent Journalism: ingqiqo, iintlobo. iiteknoloji ezintsha yintatheli

amathuba amakhulukazi leentsuku inkcazelo edweliswe esiyua uphuhliso ngokukhawuleza nje kuphela umthamo nomgangatho ulwazi, kodwa endleleni ntetho yayo abaphulaphuli ngokubanzi. Kwaye umqhubi iphambili yonke le nqubo theory, apho imida kunye nezithintelo kwizicwangciso amaninzi siphele khona, ngaba ukuvela lolwazi olutsha nobuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano.

Okokuqala zonke ifuthe lazo nempembelelo eyiyo utshintshwano kucholacholo lweendaba, ngoko ke inkosi eendaba amaqonga ulwazi olutsha, kunye neendlela nobunzima kakhulu lokuhanjiswa umxholo.

Imvelaphi mkhuba lwangoku

Wokufika ukubaluleka owayephila zokuhlangabezana nobuntatheli 1970, iye ingene ukusetyenziswa kwabantu American Denieel Bell - umbhali kwengcamango ukuyilwa kuluntu post-mveliso. Ngelo xesha, lo gama lithetha ukudityaniswa iikhompyutha, phones, TV ngamayelenqe eziqhelekileyo zobugcisa.

Noko ke, kuphela ekuqalekeni 90, xa Internet wayelele kunye ngokubanzi phakathi izigidi zabasebenzisi, convergent ubuntatheli sele ufumene imiyalezo enamandla ukusuka 'kumaxesha ngamaxesha isihloko' ukuya ethembisayo losasazo ulwazi format. Kwaye kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, isimaphambili se multimedia uqale kakhulu ngazo ngezangqa zobungcali.

IiNkqubo Global Integration

Ngxubevange ezahlukeneyo ntlobo ze ubuntatheli (press, unomathotholo, umabonakude, amajelo eendaba online) ikhutshwa phandle abakumanqanaba ezininzi olunemiqathango. Yaye ngamnye kubo nobungakanani ukuhlangabezana kunye neziphumo zayo zinokwahluka kakhulu:

1. Inqanaba kakhulu "" of ukuhlangabezana izixhobo zobuchwepheshe ezisetyenziswa yi iintatheli ukuqokelela nezinto inkqubo nolwazi. iinkqubo ezifanayo wazala ukuvela izixhobo ezitsha ukulungiselela unyango leyo ifuna kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lobuchule.
2. Ngoko ke, lo kwinqanaba elilandelayo iya isiba ukuhlangabezana enomkhondo (amava, ulwazi, izakhono). Abaqeshwa bamasebe ezahlukeneyo kunye nabahleli zithi zidityaniswe zibe iqela eyodwa uphuhliso izinto yemultimedia.
3. Kwixesha elizayo, ngakumbi entsonkothileyo, ibanzi kwaye jikelele format umxholo kudala yonke imiqathango ukulungiselela intsebenziswano phakathi kumajelo eendaba (print, unomathotholo, umabonakude, njalo njalo. D.), iintlobo Whole, nto leyo kwincopho kuphuhliso convergent ubuntatheli xa iyonke.

Ngokusekelwe kwi-ntetho multimedia-based ulwazi, namhlanje copper-iinkampani yokwabelana zabo kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaqonga eendaba (nokuba, umzekelo, unomathotholo Internet, iphephandaba eqongeni online okanye ifomathi Web-TV).

Ngokubanzi ethetha, igama Latin «convergo» akubandakanyi kuphela impembelelo efanayo nayiphi na into omnye komnye, kodwa ubuchwepheshe zokwabelana mda, amava ithetha. Kwaye kwimeko le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa lobuntatheli convergent, ukuhlanganiswa nokuhloniphana ivela njenge inkqubo yokunikezela ulwazi olufanayo ngokusebenzisa kuthotho yamajelo eendaba (umbhalo, umsindo kunye nevidiyo) usebenzisa ezahlukeneyo amajelo onxibelelwano (print, unomathotholo, umabonakude kunye ifomati ethandwa yangoku - internet).

iiteknoloji ezintsha yintatheli

Ukusasazeka yehlabathi kwi Internet kukhokelele ngokudibana ntlobo ngokwemveli eyahlukileyo yolwazi yokusasaza iyunithi enye, nkqu kutsha nje kwixa elidlulileyo kwabonakala alinakuzuzwa ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaphambili, umntu, ukuze bafunde iindaba zakutshanje, kuyimfuneko ukuba usebenzise unomathotholo. Ukuze ubone into eyenzekayo entry kunokwenzeka kuphela uncedo TV. A ulwazi olubanzi ngakumbi yaye eneenkcukacha kulindeleke kuphela amaphepha iintlelo ezintsha lephephandaba.

Inkqubo yangoku eendaba ukuhlangabezana ikuvumela ukuba ukudibanisa odiyo, ividiyo kunye nolwazi lombhalo ngaphakathi enye indaba. Kakade ke, inkqubo yokudala imveliso yemultimedia kufuna amava, ubuchule kunye neendleko eziphathekayo. Kutshanje ichazwe ngokucacileyo imfuno yokuba amandla efanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo, uhlawule umsebenzi photo nokuhlela ivideo iingcali (singasathethi abahleli, iintatheli, njalo njalo. N.).

Ngenxa yoko, ukukhula kobuchule, bephethe izinto ezigcina iinkcukacha zakutshanje ekwaziyo yokugcina a ngaxeshanye ezibonwayo, itekisi kunye data isandi, zabangela ukuba uhlanganiso oluyimpumelelo eendaba, unomathotholo nomabonwakude ibe single imithombo yolwazi.

Ukudityaniswa eendaba kunye nobugcisa yonxibelelwano sphere eyodwa journalistic

Oguqukayo landscape eendaba (isethi nonxibelelwano kakhulu ethandwa / iinkonzo ehlabathini) ngendlela enye okanye omnye kuzisa ukwahlulwa ezifihlakeleyo kwi izintlu kumajelo eendaba mihla, ngenxa apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuba kubabela elo lonke neentlobo convergent ubuntatheli:

1. Media - iincwadi isicwangciso ngokwaneleyo zasekuhlaleni, wanikel 'ingqalelo kummandla othile. imisebenzi yabo umda ukuya kwenye amacandelo ngamajelo eendaba: amaphephandaba, unomathotholo, umabonakude okanye resource Internet. Yile hlobo ndlela olugqityiweyo kubonisa ukuba abafundi namhlanje ebizwa "iindaba zemveli". Ngokumalunga ukuhlangabezana kolu didi uqobo iqalisa 1-2 amanqanaba ezichazwe ngaphambili.
2. Hypermedia - uhlobo convergent ubuntatheli ayiphelelanga neqonga eendaba enye kuphela ukuhambisa isiqulatho zabo. Umzekelo, i iphephandaba online, epapashwa kwakhona ngeencwadi eziprintiweyo. Kuyinto wonke zabo enye ukuthini igama elithi "multimedia" / - indibanisela nesixhobo kwisicatshulwa lwenani ezibonwayo, eziviwayo, imizobo kunye nezinye iindlela zokubonelela ngolwazi. Yingxenye hypermedia, ngokulandelelana, ithatha indawo kuyo yomithathu imigangatho.
3. Transmedia - uhlobo kunokuba ingacaci, ingxoxo malunga usaqhubeka unanamhla. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe kwi social networks (umzekelo transmedia), nto leyo kubume bayo kuphela inxenye ilifa iimpawu kunye nemisebenzi eendaba. Kulo mzekelo, yambuza ixabiso umxholo kakhulu ulwazi, t. To. Yayiyilwe yi kwaye wenza ukuhlela hayi iintatheli, kwaye abasebenzisi nabavumayo ubukhulu becala ukuba uyamxelela (uthethe) kuthetha alarm. Ukongeza, iqonga imidiya lokuba uhamba ukusebenza kwayo kwaye isebenza kude ngaphaya omnye kucholacholo lweendaba, iingcali ezininzi ndiyanibongoza ukuba ithathwe njenge ezintsha kakhulu. Emva transmedia ukunikeza abasebenzisi kuphela imisebenzi journalistic, kodwa intengiso, umxholo ukuzonwabisa, kwaye ngaphezulu.

nelithi Cross-media

Igama elithi "ubuntatheli zokuhlangabezana" lidla indawo professional - "umnqamlezo-media". Oku kubangelwa ncakasana nokuba kufutshane la magama. Kodwa zonke ukufana, umahluko phakathi kwabo lingaphantsi kwe intsingiselo nolahlo ngokubanzi le yokugqibela.

Cross-media ngokuyimfuneko kuthetha ukusetyenziswa lokupapashwa kumaqonga ubuncinane ezimbini yosasazo (print, umabonwakude, digital, njalo njalo), kunye nokusasazwa isiqulatho iqela izixhobo zobugcisa (TV, amacwecwe, iifowuni, njl .. Gadgets). Lugxininisa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo amaqonga kwimisebenzi yalo, ubuntatheli cross-media.

Indlela yokufumana izinto multimedia

Convergent Journalism usoloko kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa iimpapasho audio ezahlukeneyo, ividiyo kunye nezixhobo zama, bazithumela ngokubanzi uluhlu izixhobo zosasazo. Kwaba phezu ezinjalo umgaqo elula senkolelo wakhelwa nzima gqitha xa kusenziwa inkqubo yokucingisisa, processing kulwazi olufunyenwe kunye nokubhaliswa intatheli:

• Iingxelo evela entsimini kufuneka nakanjani kwenziwe usebenzisa iikhamera zevidiyo kunye nokufakwa kwe-mathuba eziphawuleka kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukuba umsebenzi bamajelo eendaba kwaye kwezinye iimeko kubandakanya zokudubula ividiyo, ngoko kuphela kwiitshaneli iqabane TV.
• Ukongeza koku, ngandlela zonke imifanekiso oluyimfuneko nolufanelekileyo.
• Umdibaniso Full bonke abasebenzi abasebenza kwi nokudalwa imidiya. Amaqela oonondaba abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo yenkampani yemultimedia kwifomu enye okanye omnye zilungelelaniswe omnye komnye, ekuqhubeni nje kuphela ukhangelo olunzulu eziphathekayo, kodwa wezimali uyilo obonakalayo umxholo. Kulo mzekelo, kukho umsebenzi joint kwi-database, Infographics kunye nezinye izinto zosasazo.
• Ekugqibeleni, musa wayesazi intsebenziswano phakathi eendaba ezahlukeneyo kumajelo ekudalweni iiprojekthi ezidibeneyo, ekhangela yaye nekulungiswa umbandela.

Ngamanye amaxesha ubume kumajelo zokuhlangabezana bathi ubuntatheli ngakumbi intanethi, nto leyo uvavanyo kunokuba ayichananga kwezibonelelo ulwazi. Ekubeni ziyafumaneka kwi-intanethi, indlela eendaba ukwenza izinto kuba ngabo kuphela njengento owongezelelweyo kubonelelo umxholo, kodwa yasasazwa standard report format.

amanani esiqaphelekayo

Xa ithuba, le ncwadi, isiseko osekelwe ngqo kwi-Internet, wafumana kwigama elihlukileyo kudidi layo - yintatheli digital. Maxa wambi eli gama lisetyenziswa synonymously with "flash-ubuntatheli" (livela software Adobe Flash, nto leyo isixhobo lula nethandwayo lokudala, upapasho kunye nesiqulatho multimedia ukuhlela online).

Ukongezelela ekusebenziseni i-World iimpawu Wide Web ukudala nokukhuthaza isiqulatho yazo, i-digital kwakhona siphakamisa sikhangela ku imvelo kwezibonelelo network ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka blogs, sites iindaba, RSS-feeds, uthungelwano lwentlalo.

ubuntatheli Digital (nokuba iphephandaba online, isayithi iindaba, njalo njalo. D.) ngqo enxulumene weni kwizizathu izakhono zalo multimedia kunye nokusetyenziswa amaqonga intanethi ukuze umxholo.

Notes bemisebenzi

Noko ke, fusion lweendidi ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo zangamajelo ubuntatheli hayi ngaphandle kwabachasi abagxeki kunye kwezwi. Ngenxa yoko, icala elibi eendaba zokuhlangabezana ziquka ikakhulu ngumbandela umgangatho izinto feed.

Musa alupheli kunye impikiswano eshushu malunga nokuba iinkampani majelo ukusebenza njenge oqeqeshiweyo kunye nomxholo enye, ebonisa kumaqonga ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye ingqalelo enjalo sinikezwe kuphela West, kodwa ndima yasekhaya, nto leyo nayo namhlanje unalo kakhulu ezinkulu intatheli eendaba.

Ngenxa result ufumana uvakalisa umfundi eninzi?

uphuhliso Media nje kuphela ukuba nokulungelelanisa kokuqulathwe iifoto, ividiyo kunye odiyo, kodwa uqalise ukukwazi ukongeza we email wesicelo ukuba kushicilelwe ezinye izibonelelo ukwazisa iintlobo interactive lokuvota, ukulinganisa kunye nezimvo. Asinako akuvumi ukuba loo ndlela kuphela ngakumbi ulwazi kwaye zahlukene, kodwa naye ephembelela kakhulu imbono yakhe iphela. Umzekelo, ukuba iintlobo yemveli Okubhaliweyo kusoloko ziphumeza indima nemisebenzi esisiseko ulwazi, iimpapasho eendaba lo msebenzi esele zabelwe yevidiyo okanye Izithombe. Ilizwi kulo mzekelo, labenzela ithinzi ngokwenza namazwana explanatory, updates, izihloko.

Ke ukuba abaphulaphuli, injani angenzi umboleki itshintshile kwaye ngoku luphawulwa umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu abafundi abakwaziyo, naye, kuthetha nefuthe entsimini ulwazi. Kulo mzekelo, basebenzisi ngamathuba angawo ukulungiselela ukhetho ngamnye ngendlela efunekayo, umcimbi umxholo kunye nomda ulwazi olufunekayo.

Kwi kufanele ndima entsha namhlanje

jikelele Rapid iimarike zolwazi yokuduka engaphephekiyo nayiphi na imida phakathi kwabo amenze emva kokuba eze ngenxa becomputing, usasazo kunye nobuxhakaxhaka zonxibelelwano kunye nabanye.

imithombo media zanamhlanje ikakhulu ojolise ngqo kwikhusi. Bonisa ividiyo, iifoto, imizobo kuphula sofundo lolwazi, emele isixa ngokupheleleyo kulo ifomu emfutshane ngakumbi. Kwangaxeshanye wenziwe imidibaniso ezahlukeneyo isandi, umfanekiso nombhalo; Ngaphezu koko, umgangatho wobunjani nkqubo kuphela zobuchule bokubhala kwabasebenzi kunye nezinto zokusebenza.

Ukongeza, indima ebalulekileyo ukuyilwa a edlalwa ubuntatheli entsha nezalo izimvo, wafumana inkululeko ebanzi yokuvakalisa ngenxa ukuvela izinto interactive kwi izixhobo zosasazo. Amakhulu izimvo kunye amawaka iivoti kwi uvote, ukulinganisa okuvota kawonke - konke oku kuye abe umsebenzisi isixhobo nefuthe lale ndlela ziqhutywa eliphakathi ulwazi, enokungena kumda wesangqa yophuhliso imidiya.

indawo Media umisela ukubone

Ukudibanisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zosasazo kwimveliso enye ubeka imigangatho emitsha kunye nezithethe kumsebenzi intatheli namhlanje kunyanzelekile ukuba abe ezahlukeneyo izakhono ezifanelekileyo umgangatho inkcazelo ngohlobo olufanelekileyo. Ekuphumezeni ezi njongo kufuna iintatheli bhetyebhetye esitsha kwicandelo kumajelo eendaba, kwakunye impumelelo yomsebenzi oluneentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nohlobo izinto.

Kuba kakhulu echanileyo umxholo kwi ekunene kunye nesiqulatho umsebenzi eendaba jikelele kufuneka akwazi sezingeni ukwenza uluhlu yonke imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo:

• ikhono lokurekhoda ividiyo;
• Ukubhala itekisi ulwazi nolunolwazi;
• ukurekhodwa podcast audio;
• izakhono ukuhlela;
• amava kunye blogerskogo ndawo.

Chaza inkangeleko yabo, intatheli entsha

iimfuno zangoku elibonisa ubukho esikhethekileyo, multimedia-uhlobo nokucinga yomqeshwa ngamnye nezisekelwe sphere. Kwaye ke iye yabonisa, ingakumbi izakhono:

• ukukwazi ukuba kutolwe iingxelo yokuzonwabisa kwaye wenze nokufotwa;
• ukusebenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo icomputer (ikakhulu inxulumene ulwazi umsebenzi wofakelo lweenkqubo);
• ukuba uzulazule kwi Internet, ukusebenza kunye ophezulu ezikumgangatho kunye nemithombo ulwazi;
• ngendlela eyiyo yaye ngokukhawuleza ukuvelisa isiqulatho iindaba kwizibonelelo kwinethiwekhi;
• inkqubo kunye nokudlulisela iipakethi data ngokomthamo ezimanyelwayo neevidiyo;
• blogerskogo ukukhangela endle (kubandakanywa apha ukukhangela hayi kuphela ulwazi, kodwa ukuqhuba ngqo blog eziziintlobo ngeentlobo);
• kufumaneka ulawulo kunye neqela nangaliphi na ixesha lemini okanye ebusuku.

Ngenxa yoko, le iseti efanayo lwamagunya nezakhono nentatheli uchaza bar umgangatho kwindalo asiyonto ilula kubume iimpapasho yemultimedia.

Elokuqukumbela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo

Bonke abafundi yolwazi mihla lwezifundo kunye neefomathi ezahlukeneyo kunjalo ubungqina inguqu enkulu. Namathemba uphuhliso lobuntatheli convergent hayi kuphela abut inguqu eqongeni usasazo womnatha kunye nokudalwa website yayo. Loo isiqingatha-amanyathelo, adla ngokusetyenziswa eendaba kwinqanaba lommandla kwaye corporate amancinci convergent ubuntatheli, phezu koko ke ukuhlehla kuphuhliso uhlobo ngokwengqiqo entsha eendaba.

Kakuhle eli lenguqu ukuya ngefomathi entsha ngo engqongileyo ehlanganiswe kukuba ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ze ulwazi ngezinto elinye ishicilelwe. Ezahlukahlukeneyo iinguqulelo isiqulatho yombhalo, advanced iteknoloji imizobo, oopopayi, photo, ividiyo, isandi, ukusungulwa resource lweziqalelo lwentsebenziswano abaphulaphuli - yiloo zonke ngokwenene ogcina ezihlangeneyo iinkcukacha ubuntatheli, ukunika abasebenzisi elimnandi, kulula ukuqonda inkcazelo ngokucacileyo ubukhulu nangokukhululekileyo amazwi neziphathelene.

Umbuzo wenene kuphela, ukufaneleka leyo eza kwandisa kuphela ngethuba lonke uphuhliso zosasazo zokuhlangabezana - yiyo ngobuchule uqeqesho emsebenzini, izakhono kunye icinge ukuba kufuneka bakwazi ukunika abaphulaphuli kunye nomxholo yemultimedia kwizinga eliphezulu ngokwenene.