Communications Satellite. Centres, iinkqubo kunye nophuhliso lonxibelelwano space

Namhlanje, akumangalisi ezininzi maza phezu kwezindlu yezindlu. Satellite Communications ngokuqinileyo kubomi njengomntu oqhelekileyo esitratweni. Esiya nakwiindawo ezisemagqagaleni ngoku ithuba ukubukela TV kwaye usebenzise iinkonzo Internet, nakubeni inqanaba eliphezulu umqondiso. Kodwa konke oku kwenziwa Bulelani ukuba kumaziko unxibelelwano isithuba umsebenzi, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

inethiwekhi World

Inetweki hlabathi ijikeleza ihlabathi. In Russia ithuba lokuba athathe isiginali kamabonakude ezikumgangatho ophezulu yenza i-Federal State qela liphikisayo Enterprise "Russian Satellite Communications." Le yenye yabaqhubi ezilishumi satellite inkulu ehlabathini, kunye iziko yayo TV of ucinezelo. Ukongeza, inikeza multiplexing enemijelo digital, yenza upakisho yeenkqubo yase yosasazo.

ingxenye space

Le nkampani siqulathe constellation-Hewana 12 zonke zibe. kwendawo Satellite kukuba wonke ummandla Russia, ico, eYurophu, Afrika noMbindi Mpuma, eOstreliya, uMntla noMzantsi Merika, kunye nommandla Asia-Pacific. indawo Orbital ye kwisiphekepheke kwi arc Orbital - evela ° 14 entshona ku 145 ° wobude ngasempumalanga.

Le ukuzivala

Izibonelelo, leyo isemhlabeni - ukuba amaziko ezintlanu ngothungelwano isithuba. Bona ibekwe emideni yonke Russia. Xa umsebenzi wayo inkampani kukhokelwa inkqubo ekujoliswe federal yophuhliso ezosasazo ukuze Russian Federation ngo-2009-2018. Uluhlu lweenkonzo libanzi kakhulu;

• ulawulo, unxibelelwano isithuba kwaye esweni isithuba kwezakhiwo kunye nezithuthi;
• zonxibelelwano kunye nosasazo (usasazo unomathotholo nomabonwakude, digital kunye satellite TV) amazwe 52;
• urhulumente kunye nonxibelelwano lukamongameli;
• Isiqu kwaselwandle yonxibelelwano.

inkqubo yonxibelelwano space

Ukudluliselwa kolwazi phezu umjelo Umhlaba - yisathelayithi isithuba kwaye umva yenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Iinkqubo telemetry, ngomnxeba, yocingo, umabonwakude isithuba kusetyenziswa. Inkqubo radio kakhulu ethandwa. Ezona mpawu ziphambili olwahlula isithuba ngenxa izinto isithuba etshisayo, zezi zilandelayo:

• oguqukayo isikhundla baxhomekeka;
• eqhubekayo uphawu Ukutshintsha amaza yomamkeli kwii;
• limited zone ukubonakala ngqo amanqaku uqhagamshelo emhlabeni;
• umda zidlulisele amandla ibekwe kwisiphekepheke;
• uluhlu enkulu zonxibelelwano.

Development of Space Communications

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba umfowunelwa wokuqala umntu kwisithuba waye waqonda Aprili 12, 1961. Cosmonaut kaYuri Gagarin ke, kulo ukubaleka liqhubekeke sineendlela ezimbini Umhlaba yomnxeba kunye yocingo yonxibelelwano ngokuthe ngcembe yaye kwisiphekepheke "Vostok" kuluhlu wemitha kunye decameter amaza.

Kwixa elizayo, unxibelelwano isithuba phantsi waye waphucuka, yaye ngoAgasti 1961, ngexesha ukuphapha cosmonaut GS Titov wavela lancitshiswa 10 izakhelo nganye umfanekiso TV yesibini. Namhlanje, iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ezikumgangatho kamabonwakude asetyenziswa, yaye umgama ukudluliselwa yeekhilomitha million 350 (ngexesha moya iMars).

icandelo kwezobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho

inkonzo satellite igama okuwo kwiminyaka eli-15. Ngeli xesha, uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe yonxibelelwano entsha. Enye satellite kwindledlana ngeendleko ukuya ku $ 230 million, kwaye umsebenzi kumnini - iqhutywa ngendlela kwaye ungayisebenzisa njengendlela kwisibonelelo irente. ERashiya, ababini kuphela iinkampani ezinkulu ukuba imali ukuze sibe yesatellite orbit - Federal State qela liphikisayo Enterprise "Russian Satellite Communications Inkampani" kunye OAO "Space Systems Gazprom".

Iingxaki Amaza ezimfutshane

unxibelelwano Radio kunye izinto nesithuba kunye moya abakwiindawo imigama ngaphezu 1000 km, esiqhutywa kuluhlu shortwave. Kodwa namhlanje, kwalomqolo akwanelanga. Izizathu zoku ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• shortwave ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ebalulekileyo unako ukusebenza izikhululo malunga namawaka kunomathotholo kunye nomsebenzi wabo namhlanje ngamaxesha amaninzi kakhulu.
• Izinga lengxolo ukwandisa ifuna ukusetyenziswa zidlulisele ezinamandla ngakumbi.
• I siphene eyintloko uluhlu enjalo - andise multipath kunye nefuthe umqondiso ebunayo kwi kwisamkeli. Oku kwenza kube phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba ukunxibelelana kule kuluhlu ayikho imigama emide kakhulu.

Ultra-short uluhlu wave ngaphantsi kwixesha lolayisho, kodwa ulwamkelo lwenziwa kuphela kwindawo ukubonakala.

Phuma - satellites

Ubukho uphawu ngabafundi abaphindayo, isithuba, ezizezi Hewana, sinika umbono kwaye ivula amathuba amatsha kuphuhliso lonxibelelwano isithuba. Kuya kuba nako ukunika unxibelelwano enokuthenjwa izinto ezikude kwISithuba yokugubungela kumphezulu planethi ekhuselekileyo kunye zosasazo backbone gridi. Satellites esebenzayo nabaphinde iklasi uphawu isixando ingafakwa, kwaye Hewana zingaba zokubhala (xa kuthelekiswa esisigxina emhlabeni) kunye ebhabhela emzileni ephantsi ngokwabo.