France - ukhokho hayi nje fashion phezulu, kodwa amanyathelo ezininzi kwinkalo zobugcisa. Emva kwenkulungwane ye-17 yi unyana upholsterer wenkundla Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, eyaziwa ngcono ehlabathini jikelele phantsi igama Moliere, wabhala uhlakaniphile, comedy brilliant, edibanisa enye, ezimbini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezifana yokusebenza omkhulu kumabala emidlalo kunye ballet. Kwaye ngoku ngenkulungwane yesine, oko angazishiyi imeko eyinkunzi kunye zemidlalo yephondo, wafundisa ezikolweni, kwaye ke amagorha imisebenzi ekwakukudala ukususela kuba abantu igama indlu.
uhlobo Ivula
Kakade ke, sithetha malunga Moliere comedy enkulu "Le yongxowankulu Gentilhomme". New kwi mveliso yaba yonke: le yokucukucezwa ngokukhawuleza bezimilo kunye nemikhwa amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye ngokusengqiqweni ezotywe ubukrwada ningazi, nalwazi, ukubawa ubulima oohlohlesakhe, gqolo ezama ukwabelana amandla kunye namalungelo elizweni kunye wabanumzana Sivikivekile, kunye uvelwano izicacele ukuba umbhali umntu oqhelekileyo, abameli welifa ekuthiwa wesithathu. kakhulu ngenxa yeengxaki kunye nesikhundla yombhali. A mvelo mihle, izinxibo ezimibalabala, amanani somculo ... Louis 14, i-fan wangumququzeleli umculo, umdaniso, ingakumbi ibhaleyi, wamthanda iintlobo zomsebenzi ingane. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba Moliere ngobuciko ukudibanisa inyathelo intle, bengqungqa kunye bemidlalo ballet akuphumelelanga. Kule nkalo, "The yongxowankulu Gentleman" kungathathwa nje siphu- womculo mihla. Comedy-ballet - oku uhlobo ekhethekileyo imisebenzi omkhulu Moliere.
Imbali i comedy
Isiganeko apho comedy wazalwa, ayikho into eqhelekileyo. Xa ngo-1669 i-Yelanga, Louis wabizwa ngokuba njengoko amkhanuke iimpahla, izacholo, imbonakalo chic kunye isilungiseleli seglosi, oko kwazeka ukuba Sultan Ottoman Great (okt Turkey) uthumela kuye igqiza ambassadorial waseFransi irhuluneli wagqiba yambetha phezu inxalenye kamnandi. Ebengezelayo zobuhlalu, ukuphuphuma igolide nesilivere, amalaphu eninzi, intlala ukuba eclipse wabathunywa iliso, ibihlaba eMpuma ukuya intabalala efanayo kwaye kulo lonke uzuko ubutyebi kunye nobukhulu lenkundla French kunye nomlawuli walo. Kodwa ingcamango yokuba ukumkani ayiphumelelanga: yena waba lixhoba bubuqhinga nenkohliso. Evutha ngumsindo, Louis wayalela Moliere wabhala comedy, oko kwakuya bemsinekela iinkolelo Turkish, kunye igqiza zabo. Ngoko ke wazalwa "I yongxowankulu Gentleman", ingcamango wokuqala phambi kokumkani izikhulu lanikwa phakathi ku-Oktobha kunyaka-1670, kunye negosa noluntu izindawo - ngoNovemba ka-1670. Ukususela ngaloo mini (28 Novemba) malunga nenqanaba yeqonga ephambili Paris - Palais Royal - ngexesha ukusebenza kwakhe lokudla zaye kudlalwa izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-42, yaye loo nto akukho ukubala nezinye leemveliso ezinkundleni ezincinane! Kwaye emva kokuba malunga nenkulungwane kwabonakala inguqulelo yokuqala professional zibe comedy Russian. "I yamaphephandaba Gentleman" ligqithise eRashiya "yimpumelelo enkulu", yaye umngcelele yakhe woloyiso ihlala kude kube ngoku.
Content nabalinganiswa
imisebenzi kwesakhiwo lulula, lo ngamayelenqe engundoqo comedy ayikho kungquzulwano, kodwa abalinganiswa. Jourdain, wimp ubudala bayo, esisityebi kunene, kodwa emxinwa-nye nonke, bakrwada, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngokuphandle osisiyatha, ningazi, ngazo zonke iindlela ufuna ukuzibandakanya yeengcungcu iling'awukazi, ubuhle, gallantry kunye isilungiseleli seglosi. Eyona njongo zonke maqhinga akhe - Marquis Dorimena, uyawathena intshisakalo, beqhelene kugweba abantu yengxinano isipaji yabo isihloko mqulu. Earl zonakale Dorant, trickster kunye lowa, ngokukhuselekileyo kukhokelela Jourdain yi impumlo, ethembisa ukunceda ngokuzikhanyeza Dorimenoy kunye ngokubanzi, ukwazisa "umhlobo" wakhe ekukhanyeni phezulu izindawo. Ngokwemvelo ayikho isidenge, uMnu Jourdain bamfanyekiswe yobuhlakani ngabafo kwi ugxininiso awuboni ukuba sele abe "inkomo yemali" kuba nje basebukhosini ezinjalo iindlavini. Ikuthatha izixa ezinkulu zemali, ngaphandle kokuba ukubuya. Isebenzisa kwintlaninge ootitshala, abathungi, ukuba izifundiswa ezimbalwa ophindwe kabini kuyo. Zabhidaniseka ayiwenzi, kodwa iinkozo zemali igolide funneling emlanjeni enzulu. Enyanisweni, "The yongxowankulu Gentleman", isishwankathelo apho zigxeka nokugxeka nabalawulayo wabanumzana, esiza ukuba indawo ngoohlohlesakhe bezindlu zasebukhosini nababenemihlaba, kukho lumo ephawulekayo olawulo monarchical absolutist evelayo eFransi ngenkulungwane ye-17 emva kwexesha. Comedy ugxininisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ikamva - hayi ngenxa Jourdain no Dorant, kunye neendidi ngokunyaniseka, esebenzayo, zangena noluzinzileyo kunye nabalinganiswa, ezifana Kleont umyeni intombi Jourdain, ukususela Kovel - abakhonzi bakhe, nabo bonke abo asetyenziswa ekuphumezeni yonke ubomi bakhe eyakhe ingqondo, namandla. Kulo mba, ethi "Le yongxowankulu Gentilhomme" abe desktop ngokuba izikhulu Russian. Noko ke, kufutshane ngokombono copyright kunye nokusebenza Moliere comedy wayekhethekile umbhali Russian Fonvizina "Oaf." Bobabini ziqukiwe kwingxowa-mali segolide loncwadi yehlabathi.
a indlu imifanekiso
Hayi ke, ukuba amabinzana amaninzi comedy baba aphorisms, kwaye ophambili Libonakalisa ubukrwada yomntu kunye nokungabikho kwemfundo, ukunqongophala incasa kunye ingqiqo zinkulu! "Jourdain kunye curlers" - siza sithetha ngalo, kwaye loo nto!