Byukenen Dzheyms: biography kanye photo

Iimeko apho kwisangqa abantu abaphumeleleyo, ezithandwayo kunye laziwa uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana namesakes epheleleyo, zinqabile. Kodwa phantsi igama Byukenen Dzheyms eyaziwa abantu abaliqela abaziwayo, omnye lowo wenze igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho mihla. Umnini kwegama elifanayo kwakhona ochumayo yaseMelika, ngubani ongumnini ishishini icuba elikhulu, kunye nomongameli US. Kweli nqaku sijonga abathile zonke ezingekahlawulwa uYakobi Buchanan, kwakunye ufunde malunga ekuhlengahlengiseni ngenxa abathi yaziwe kakuhle kangaka.

Ukusuka iNobel Peace Prize kunye nomongameli we-US XV ukuya etsomo ahlekisayo incwadi hero

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho Amerika eziliqela, abamagama kufuneka indibanisela enjalo - Dzheyms Byukenen. Aba bantu abo esingenanto kunye neminye imisebenzi yobungcali. One of them - usomashishini lwehlabathi kakhulu kwaye usomashishini kwinkulungwane XIX, leyo uyiqwebe ezigidi kushishino icuba. Okwesibini --ophumelele iBhaso Nobel Economist Dzheyms Byukenen, theory ukhetho loluntu ngoku esetyenziswa yi ngezoqoqosho kunye izazinzulu ezopolitiko ehlabathini lonke.

Igama elifanayo njengoko yangaphambili iqhawe ezimbini kwinqaku lethu, enxibe XV le United States uMongameli. Awu, hayi sinokuthi wehla embalini ngenxa ethile merit ezikhethekileyo, kodwa oku Buchanan kwakhona into inkathazeko - abavumelana ngayo mbali waseMelika ebizwa kuye umongameli imbi yonke imbali USA.

Uluhlu lwabanini odumileyo eli gama ekunokuthiwa elinye iqhawe, Noko ke, le yokudlala enye. Baba omnye ukumangaliswa kwinqakwana incwadi umlinganiswa kinovselennoy - lijoni ogama Dzheyms Byukenen (Bucky Barnes). Ibiya kuthetha ukuba kwinkulungwane xxi, umbukeli wabona iinkwenkwezi movie ezininzi kangangokuba akukho nto ikushiye. Kodwa Bucky Barnes zonke kwaba ngokwahlukileyo. "Abalandeli Marvel 'aziwa ngokuzinikela kwabo nalawa nothando yenkampani nenkani zabalinganiswa zakhe etsomo. Naku Byukenen Dzheyms, ngenye imini babe yinxalenye ibali iincwadi zemifanekiso, ngathi savuka waza waba yindoda yokwenene. Umlinganiswa waya olusengqiqweni kangangokuba kwi-intanethi fans abezingcwalisile inkampani iifilimu amalungiselelo engobomi bakhe ethi, imibongo enikezelwe kuye yaye izimvo malunga zonke kwi-screen inyathelo le hero.

Kweli nqaku siza kujonga abathile emfutshane bonke odumileyo uYakobi Buchanan, kwaye khomba ukuphumeza, ngenxa abathi imbali. Kwemoto "ukumangaliswa," kwincwadi engobomi bomntu ngobomi Bucky Barnes, thina, ngenxa yobulungisa, nangenxa abalandeli bakhe abathembekileyo, njengoko ibikukujonga nje ngokufutshane ekupheleni kweli nqaku.

Le ngezoqoqosho enkulu Nobel Prize

Eyokuqala Buchanan biography esinokucinga iya kuba umntu ogama ngokupheleleyo - Dzheyms Makgill Byukenen Jr ..

Wazalwa ngo-1919, kwelinye ithi American, ebizwa Tennessee. ukubunjwa wakhe wokuqala sekamva Nobel Prize yaba kwikholeji yoqeqesho lootitshala yasekuhlaleni. imfundo ephakamileyo (isidanga zemastas), ityendyana kwiYunivesithi Tennessee, abaphumeleleyo ngempumelelo i-Faculty of Economics. Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe phantse nangoko noyilwe ukungenela umkhosi. Emva bapase iziseko emkhosini esikolweni emanzini, wakhonza eGuam, kwakunye kwikomkhulu kwizithuthi kwi Pearl Harbor.

sobugqirha kwakhe Economics Dzheyms Makgill Byukenen ezifunyenwe emva kwemfazwe, ngowe-1948, ngokusekelwe kwi University of Chicago. Kangangexesha elide olo wayechaphazeleka kulo umsebenzi wokufundisa ngempumelelo, ukufunda izifundo zakhe kwiYunivesithi Virginia, kwakunye zedyunivesithi kunayo yonke Tennessee kunye Florida.

Ngowe-1969, waba uMlawuli lokuqala weZiko iSifundo Ezikhethwayo kaRhulumente. Waye ke owayengumongameli Koloni Association Southern loQoqosho, yena kubanjwe i yekhethelo usekela-mongameli we American Association Economic. amaphepha yenzululwazi ezibhalwe Buchanan, eziqulethwe izixhobo phezu izihloko ityala likarhulumente, ithiyori kweenkonzo macala, theory Libertarian, inkqubo yokuvota kunye Uqoqosho lwesizwe.

Lo msebenzi, owanyusa kulwamkelo kuqoqosho lwezopolitiko lwehlabathi

Dzheyms Byukenen - Economist, umsebenzi wakhe kusetyenziswa njengesiseko bezenzululwazi lwezopolitiko economics. Waba ngunozala of Virginia School of yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko. umsebenzi wakhe waba ngunobangela uphando ngakumbi engqina ukuba imikhosi ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho kunye izilangazelelo zobuqu ezopolitiko ngamnye nefuthe ngqo kwi-nkqubo yezoqoqosho yelizwe ngalinye.

Imfundiso ukhetho kawonke nguJames Buchanan ukuba umbhali wayo ube kaNobel Nobel. Lo mntu waphila ubomi ngokwanelisayo elide, wafa ngoJanuwari 2013. Namhlanje igama lakhe abazaziyo zonke sisazinzulu ezopolitiko Economist, kwaye abaninzi imisebenzi yakhe zobunzululwazi ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa izifundo e-worldwork theory umkhuba wokwenza izigqibo zopolitiko noqoqosho.

tycoon icuba noyise yecuba mihla

Igama elipheleleyo lomntu bio ogama elifutshane sijonge phambili - Dzheyms Byukenen Duke. Wazalwa e North Carolina ngoDisemba ngo1856. Ubizwa ngokuba uyise yecuba mihla, ngenxa yesizathu esibalulekileyo.

Kwi-1880s yena umzalwana wakhe waba iphulo ulawulo lwecuba, yasungulwa uyise - Washington Duke. Ekuqaleni, mveliso yabo kuphela niche encinane kwishishini icuba. Kodwa kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uYakobi wafumana umbono omtsha. Ukuba phambi zonke iipakethi zecuba zijonge abasebenzi ngesandla, kodwa ngoku, nokufika kumatshini ukulungiselela ukuveliswa oluzenzekelayo icuba, le nkqubo kukhawuleziswa amaxesha amaninzi. Kwaye iNkosana oselula wenza yonke into ukwenza lo matshini wahlaselwa.

Yena wafumana ilayisenisi kumatshini yokuqala ehlabathini, inkqubo ezenzekelayo imveliso wecuba kusungulwe uYakobi Bonsakom yimakhenikhi. imveliso mveliso lifikelele kwinqanaba elitsha. Lo matshini ngobunono yibhola amacuba omnye olungenasiphelo neemela ukuba uphendule xa imigama olulinganayo, bancwela abo ezininzi ezincinane. Iziphelo apho ifukame ngesandla phambi kokuba abasebenzi icuba kukoma, ngoku injongo efanayo uqhanyiswa imichiza ezikhethekileyo. Kwakhona, ukuphucula ukungcamla le ingubo entsha umdiza phakathi nembeleko, glycerol okanye iswekile.

Inani yecuba impahla kwandiswa ngesantya esiphezulu ngeyona ndlela. Ukuba phambi abasebenzi uYakobi mveliso shift ngasinye kuvelisa ubuninzi yecuba-200, ngoku, umatshini sokutshintsha ngokulula wanika ngaphandle amawaka 120. Units! Phambi James Buchanan Duke, ingxaki entsha - intengiso. Imiqulu, oveza mveliso yayo maxesha, ngu 1/5 ngoko Melika ngumsi lonke ixesha. Kwaye Duke benza kwaziswa banzi. Yena axhase kwiziganeko eziliqela, sasisasaza icuba simahla kukhuphiswano zayo ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye eze ukutyala iipasile amakhadi collectible. Yena amaqela nge US okhuphisana yayo ephambili kwaye kudala ulawulo - American Tobacco Company.

Kuphela omnye ngo-1889 wachitha kweentengiso 800 lamawaka. Idola. amacuba akuthandayo abantu besithi ukuba nguye lowo wafundisa Melika ukuba utshaye yeenkamela. Kodwa imiqulu emikhulu imveliso yaqhubeka nokufuna, iimarike ezintsha enkulu.

Balani imarike ye mveliso zecub

Xa 1890s okuqala ukuba ngamandla uzama ukuba singene kwimarike UK, kodwa babemlindile mveliso abanamava, abazange ngubani oza anikezele. Phantsi Usongo lokuhlasela yi luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi e indawo yazo, ukuba ziqukaniswe ngaphantsi inkampani enye, emva kwexesha elithile wazama ukuba ahlasele imarike James American. Ngokusebenzisa iingxoxo ukusilela wafika kuloo wamnika onke amaqela.

Kweli xesha linzima ukuba uYakobi Buchanan of amaqabane akhe ishishini sasihanjiswe ngayo kuye kumangala engenasiphelo. Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1911, lo yedwa of American Tobacco Company yaphela. Ngokutsho enkundleni, inkampani yahlulwa iinkampani eziliqela amancinci, kwaye phantsi kweliso uYakobi waba ngomnye wabo kuphela.

James Impumelelo endle lwamandla

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala yamashumi Buchanan Duke waseka inani leenkampani ezincinane amandla, nto leyo eyaba isiseko indalo Duke Energy Corporation kwixesha elizayo. Ukongeza, ubonelela lombane ematyeni eyolukiweyo Duke (awathi wasebenza naye kakhulu ngempumelelo), ombutho ulungiselele ukukhanya yombane izixeko ezininzi kuMntla South Carolina. Ngomhla kwintsimi yokugqibela ngo-1928 yayiyilwe eligcina enikezela umbane kwisithili sonke. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oko ogama lakhe behlonipha kaYakobi Buchanan Duke.

Hayi nje ukwakhiwa ubukhosi icuba, kodwa sinoMthetheleli kwiYunivesithi

Imbali ukhumbula lo mntu kungekuphela nje uyise yecuba mihla. Kunye iibhiliyoni zeerandi imali, uYakobi ligqibe ukuseka ingxowa yayo ngentembeko ingqukuva yayo $ 40 yezigidi ngo-1924.

Inkoliso yezi mali van'wankumi wanika Durham University, ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba University Duke.

Dzheyms Byukenen: engobomi, ngokuba ihlazo apho kungekho

Igama Buchanan akayi kuyilibala ngokukhawuleza, nangokuba yenze lukhulu kwimemori eliqaqambileyo ngaye baphila kangangeenkulungwane emva kokufa kwakhe. Uninzi welifa lakhe Duke ukudlulisela sa inkxaso nophuhliso University Duke, ngokunjalo namaziko emfundo afana University D. Smith, Davidson College kunye University Furman. Ukongeza, ezinye imali yena wasishiya inani kwezibhedlele non-ngeniso kunye amakhaya abantwana ibekwe North kunye South Carolina.

Intombi yakhe edumileyo ehlabathini - Doris Duke - iye ilifa yonke impahla eseleyo, kunye nemali kayise. Kwinkumbulo yakhe, kummandla Duke Farmes yena wadala isitiya yasebusika emangalisayo, apho ukuqokelelwa ocacileyo eqingqiweyo sele ithunyelwe. Doris eyaziwa ngokuba konke oko izitiya ubuhle Duke.

Enye abongameli imbi kwimbali US

Enye indoda egama uYakobi Buchanan wazibalula kwimbali US - XV umongameli America. ixabiso layo kwi intloko umbuso kuseyinto impikiswano enkulu. Abanye ababhali-mbali ngokukhuselekileyo bawabize abanobubi bonke abongameli US abatyholwa passivity nazigqibo. Le ngxoxo iphambili nxamnye Buchanan kukuba urhulumente wakhe kwakhokelwa ukwahlulwa States eMntla woMzantsi kunye nokuqalisa ezilandelayo imfazwe kakhulu yamakhaya.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuba akufuneki ukuba umongameli uluvo webhodi categorical kangaka. Musa ukulibala ukuba kwafuneka abaleke ilizwe libe elinye lamathuba zayo zinzima. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX, ingxaki kubukhoboka America kwakukubi kakhulu. Ngxabano of the South kunye North ayikwazanga ivingcwe, indlela yembali kweziganeko ayiguqulwanga, ukuze nithi Buchanan njengokuba ngumongameli, ngokubanzi, waba namandla.

Wazalwa XV umongameli elizayo of America ngo-Epreli Ngo1791 e Pennsylvania kwintsapho ngokwanelisayo abahluphekayo kunye nabantwana abaninzi. Nakuba kunjalo, lo mfana akwazi ukufumana isidanga umthetho. amava akhe yokuqala professional wavuka xa esebenza igqwetha ngexesha lemfazwe Anglo-American.

Ngowe-1814-1816 gg. yakhe ekhaya imo Pennsylvania , waba lilungu lepalamente. Ngowe-1831 wamiselwa endisisigidimi endlwini St. Petersburg. Kwaye apho ke isayinwe kakhulu ngempumelelo isivumelwano sokuqala urhwebo phakathi Melika naseRashiya. Ngapha koko, wabamba izikhundla Senator kunye noMphathiswa weMicimbi Foreign.

Ngo ngo1856, i-Democratic Party utyunjwe ukuba ngumongameli angenele yakhe. Ngelo xesha kwiphondo Kansas , imeko enzima - kukho yasebenza oorhulumente ezinobutshaba (abaxhasi kunye nokuphikisa lobukhoboka) ezimbini. Abasebenzi elinde ukuba umongameli omtsha nezigqibo zakhe phezu ikamva Kansas. Musa ufuna zingangunobangela imeko sele kunzima, Dzheyms Byukenen wagqiba ekubeni ziquka Kansas umbuso likhoboka. Okulandelayo, bekukho mvukelo amakhoboka, apho urhulumente US kunzima kakhulu ukuba phantsi. Kwaye ke ingcinezelo yemvukelo eye yabangela ukwahlukana kunye ukruthakruthwano phakathi North noMzantsi okukhulu.

oosonzululwazi ezoPolitiko ziye zaphawula ukuba ezihlangwini zakhe, Abraham Lincoln, uMongameli Buchanan walishiya eli lizwe ukwimeko embi, esengozini imfazwe yamakhaya phakathi kweenkampu ezimbini ezazingasombululeki. Buchanan wafa ngo-1868, ukuba phambi kokufa kwakhe, ukuba babhale isincoko isizathu imigaqo-nkqubo yayo. Kodwa ngokukodwa ke ayikasebenzi, ngokuba kwimbali waza wahlala umongameli abanobubi USA.

Umlinganiswa elandelayo "Musani ukumangaliswa" igama kaYakobi

Kwaye ke yokugqibela eyaziwayo Byukenen Dzheyms, ogama engobomi eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku, ekuqaleni, okungalungelaniyo Amaqhawe odlulileyo yenkampani. Yena nje umlinganiswa etsomo ogama biography iye yasungulwa ngempumelelo ababhali "Marvel". Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iye yasungulwa yimpumelelo kangangokuba fans ahlekisayo ehlabathini lonke elinde ngobomi kwaye ayinamdla iinkcukacha yobomi sinalento etsomo. Le ubuntu abaphulaphuli yokuqala wabona ngo-2010, xa ikhusi elikhulu weza "Lokuqala wayenguMphindezeli."

Ngoko ke, ngokutsho ilivo "ukumangaliswa", Dzheyms Byukenen Barnes (zolinganiso, ukuze uqonde umfanekiso lakhe kwikhusi - Sebastian Stan) wazalwa kude 1917. Wabonisa iziphumo ezihle kwamabala emidlalo eyahlukeneyo, kuye inkokeli eklasini yayo. Xa uYakobi waphawula indlela ezigcwele beat inkwenkwe obuthathaka, wema phezulu kuye. Lo mfana Stiv Rodzhers, owathi kamva waba edume Captain America. Emva kweso siganeko, amakhwenkwe baba ngabahlobo. Xa kuqala of World War II Dzheyms Byukenen (Bucky) Barnes wayilwa ukungenela umkhosi, waye uqeqesho enkampini yasebusika McCoy waza wathunyelwa phambili Italian.

Winter Soldier kwi Buchanan ifani

Ngapha koko, yathinjwa ibutho "Hydra" waza wayithimba, baza amaninzi gadalala, ukungcungcuthekiswa, yaye ixesha elide wahlala yodwa. Le ekuthinjweni ifumana umhlobo wakhe ubuntwana owayesele kuba ngexesha lemfazwe, uCaptain America. Yena Lisuka nje ukuba kumhlangula uYakobi kwaye amkhulule ekuthinjweni. Dzheyms Byukenen (Bucky) ajoyine iqela yamkhulula kwaye injongo yawo eqhelekileyo uba umnqweno ukucima i 'Hydra "ukususela ubuso bomhlaba. Ngexesha elinye nokulwa Dzheyms Byukenen Barnes abayeke uloliwe, zange bengawufumani umzimba wakhe, nabo bonke bavumelana ukuba ufile.

Eneneni, umzimba Buchanan safumaneka kwenye iminqongo "Hydra". Yena isuswa ngokupheleleyo inkumbulo, yaye ixesha elide phezu umzimba uJames imifuniselo eyahlukeneyo. Kangangeminyaka eliqela, oko ujule ubuthongo ngumntu, maxa wambi anike qwa xa kuyimfuneko ukuthobela umyalelo kukubulawa yinkokeli enamandla.

Ngokutsho komnye imimiselo "Hydra", Buchanan kwafuneka ukubulala uCaptain Merika, yaye akuzange kube ngokupheleleyo akukho ngxaki kuye, ngokuba inkumbulo yakhe, inkumbulo yendyebo ubuhlobo ebuntwaneni, kudala zicinywe. Ekwenzeni lo msebenzi, xa lo mzuzu longquzulwano ngqo phakathi Captain America kunye nomhlobo wakhe, nguYakobi idanyaze baqalisa ukubuyela kwinkumbulo yakhe, kwaye bobabini basinda. Kodwa Dzheyms Byukenen, abo ngoku yonke ekuthiwa Winter Soldier, emva koko wanyamalala kwakhona.