Budapest Memorandum 1994

Budapest Imemorandam Ukraine, United Kingdom, eRashiya kunye US yasayinwa Disemba 5, 1994. Uxwebhu efakiweyo iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko ngokunxibelelene eqale Ukraine ukuba iSivumelwano kwi-Non-Proliferation kwezixhobo zenyukliya. Ngowe-1996, kwaqhutywa le uqhagamshelo.

imithetho

Kwisicatshulwa Budapest Imemorandam 1994 inika ukuzibophelela Ukraine ukuze ususe nommandla wabo zonke izixhobo zenyukliya ngendlela ngexesha. Ngenxa yoko, i-Russian Federation, eUnited States kunye United Kingdom abazenzileyo:

• Ukuba ahloniphe igunya, ukuzimela imida ekhoyo Ukraine ngokungqinelana noMthetho lokugqibela lwale OSCE.
• Musa ukusebenzisa naziphi na izixhobo nxamnye ukuzimela kwezopolitiko lwesidima Ukraine, ukuba kungekhona ngenjongo yokuzikhusela kwezinye iimeko ngokungqinelana ne- UN Charter.
• Ukuba ayeke yesinyanzelo yezoqoqosho, oko ijolise ukubheka ukuphunyezwa yi Ukraine ngamalungelo obekwayo ulongamo zayo kunye nomdla yayo kwi ngeendleko ekhuselekileyo na iadvanteji.
• Imfuneko evela kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko UN ukuba amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza kwimeko Ukraine njengelizwe - party kwi iSivumelwano kwi-Non-Proliferation of Izixhobo Nuclear uya kuba phantsi izisongelo okanye ixhoba bundlobongela kunye izixhobo zenyukliya.
• Musa ukusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya nxamnye Ukraine, ngaphandle kweemeko zokuhlaselwa kwimemorandam enxulumene urhulumente lizwe, ummandla kunye namahlakani abo.
• Ukunika icebiso, ukuba kukho iimpikiswano ngokuphathelele iimfanelo ngasentla.

China kunye France

Ngelo xesha, xa yasayinwa Budapest Imemorandam, amalungu ezipheleleyo iSivumelwano kwi-Non-Proliferation iSivumelwano waba amagunya ezimbini yenyukliya - France kunye neTshayina. Noko ke, abazange iyisayine itekisi yomgaqo-adyumenti kunye izikhuselo kubhalwe kunikezelo iingxelo ezifanelekileyo. umahluko wabo ukuba akukho nto kwi-thethwano olugunyazisiweyo kunye neemeko antsonkothileyo.

isimo ngokomthetho

Okwangoku, impikiswano iyaqhubeka malunga nokuba uxwebhu amaqela ukubophelela ngokusemthethweni. Njengoko ka 2014 Budapest Imemorandam iya kuba ingangqinwanga ngokusemthethweni. Njengoko Vladimir Ryabtsev, unobhala yokuqala Ukrainian Foreign Sobulungiseleli, owayesebenza kule posi ngo-1994-1995. kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kumalungiselelo kuxwebhu, xa ngokusayina umbuzo isiqinisekiso lithi amaqela, ukuba akubanga. Emva koko, ngokubona Ryabtsev, kwakukho ukuqonda ukuba Budapest Imemorandam, umbhalo leyo eyamkelwa kwamazwe angamalungu, efunekayo ukuze lusebenze ngokuzinzileyo.

Ryabtsev kwakhona wavakalisa uluvo lokuba i-Russian Federation ngo-2003, xa kukho imbambano malunga Ace siqithi wabonisa indawo malunga kwi ukubaluleka imbopheleleko uxwebhu ungene ngemvume Hungary. Owayesakuba unobhala yokuqala Ukrainian Foreign yoMphathiswa ukuba ngo-2010 ekugqibeleni waqonda ukuba ngamazwe uxwebhu Budapest Imemorandam 1994 ukubophelela ngokusemthethweni ayikho, njengoko kubanjelwa kwi-sikhokelo yoMgaqo-Review kwengxoxo le nkomfa abonisa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza kufuneka kuphela kwisivumelwano zavunywa ngurhulumente . Ngelo xesha Vladimir Ryabtsev akavumelani zokuhlelwa zelo xesha lakalokunje neMemorandam njengoko uxwebhu uvakalisa izibophelelo zamaqela, kwaye ibona isivumelwano interstate, ukulungisa ngokucacileyo yokusebenza yezikhundla emiselweyo.

Uluvo amanye amanani zezopolitiko

Vladimir Gorbulin, ex-unobhala Security Council of Ukraine, noAlesandire slavi, Doctor of Sciences zezopolitiko, wathetha ngalo yokuba Ukraine kufuneka abize kwingqungquthela yamazwe ngamazwe, apho ukulungiselela imvumelwano entsha iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko, nto leyo eya indawo Budapest Imemorandam ngoSeptemba 2009. Ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kule nkomfa bacelwa ukuba bazobe urhulumente aqinisekisiwe ngo-1994, ukhuseleko Ukraine kaThixo, kwakunye nabanye abadlali ezinkulu neAfrika.

nengxaki iCrimea kunye neMemorandam

Russian uMongameli Vladimir Putin kwisiqalo iziganeko eCrimea, kaMatshi 1, 2014 wafumana imvume evela kwiBhunga Federal ukusebenzisa kummandla karhulumente Ukrainian, imikhosi exhobileyo eRashiya gama nje kungekho meko kwezentlalo nezopolitiko nganye ezinga malungu abantu kweli lizwe. La manyathelo kubangelwe, ngokutsho Putin, imeko engaqhelekanga Ukrainian ekhoyo esisongela ubomi babantu bakuthi, ngokunjalo into yokuba, ngokungqinelana isivumelwano samazwe kwi kummandla ngurhulumente wase Ukrainian efakwe abasebenzi anokuvela wamajoni Russian Federation Armed Forces. Ngokusesikweni behlasela mntu wathi, kodwa kubekho iimeko ezininzi zabantu ibambe Ufakelo ezingaphawulwanga zomkhosi ngemipu Forces of Ukraine. Ngokutsho kwabasemagunyeni Ukrainian, yaba emkhosini Russian.

mazwi Putin kaThixo

UMongameli Russia ekuqaleni wakhanyela ukuba amajoni ethu wathabatha inxaxheba ntlekele iCrimea. Noko ke, emva kokuba ngokujoyina eCrimea ukuya Russian Federation Putin waqinisekisa ukuba amajoni Russian inkxaso imikhosi yokhuselo Peninsula ngexesha zimvo. Ezi zenzo, ngokutsho ngumongameli, athatyathiweyo ukuqinisekisa nemiqathango ibinzana simahla kwintando yabantu iCrimea kunye nolondolozo kwi eCrimea enoxolo bume. Kamva, Vladimir Putin wathi iRussia akazange sifihla isibakala zokusebenzisa izimpi zawo ukuba ukuvala kwiiyunithi yamajoni Ukraine.

Budapest Imemorandam emehlweni abasemagunyeni Russian

Ilizwe lethu uqhubukusha ngokusemthethweni zonke iintlobo izityholo lokwaphula izivumelwano ka-1994 yaye zonke ukusebenza yabo ngemeko eyenzeka eCrimea. UMongameli Russian ngoMatshi 4 2014 nyaka inoluvo lokuba ekubeni revolution Ukraine, siya kuthathwa ngokuthi endaweni yayo kwasekwa urhulumente omtsha, naseRashiya ngokuphathelele kulo ayizange asayine amaxwebhu ayikokubambana ngendlela.

I wanika ingxelo kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Foreign ngomhla woku-1 ukuba RF ekungazange qinisekisa ukuba kuya kunyanzela inxalenye Ukraine nxamnye iminqweno abahlali balapha ukuba ahlale kumafa wayo, kwaye 1994 Budapest neMemorandam iimeko aba ngenxa yezenzo imiba yezentlalo, ezoqoqosho kunye zasekhaya ezopolitiko, awusebenzi . Ezi zinto MFA of Russia wathabatha iziganeko eCrimea.

Ukuma Russian Federation phezu kweziyobisi le nto yile: neMemorandam Budapest ngokombono waso imbopheleleko kuphela ukuba ukusongela ukusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya kwaye yokuzisebenzisa nxamnye ithi non-nuclear, nokuba kukanjani Ukraine. Olu xanduva Russia ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo, yaye akukho ndlela kakuhle.

Indawo abasemagunyeni Ukrainian

icala Ukrainian ukholelwa ukuba izenzo eRashiya eCrimea, kuquka usingasiqithi wokujoyina Russia ephula 1994 Budapest Imemorandam. Matshi 21, 2014 th The Verkhovna rada lamkela IsiBhengezo wokulwela inkululeko Ukraine kwaye wathi Russian Federation luwugqithile kungekuphela nje imithetho ekhoyo karhulumente elinobunganga Ukrainian, kodwa ngoyaba imimiselo yomthetho ngamazwe, ezo zikokosiweyo kumGaqo-UN Charter.

27 ngoMatshi 2014, Andrei Deshchitsa, iBambela uMphathiswa Wezangaphandle Ukraine, ngethuba esenza intetho yakhe kwi-UN General Assembly, wathi indima enxulumene karhulumente Ukrainian eli lizwe ezihlonyelwe ngenkani emva kweeveki ezimbini yiMelika, ngaphambili kunyanzelekile ukuze kuqinisekwe ulongamo, ukuzimela lwesidima Ukraine ngokungqinelana Budapest nememorandam. Deshchitsa wabuza UN General Assembly ukuxhasa ekusonjululweni isithunzi sendawo Ukraine, ezithe wabhengeza zimvo eyayibanjelwe eCrimea, Order ayizukunyanzeliswa.

Ekuphetheni

Disemba 5, 2014, ngomhla isikhumbuzo ngolwamashumi omabini Budapest Imemorandam, Arseniy Yatsenyuk, iNkulumbuso, waphinda wacela amaqela sivumelwano ukwenza intsebenziswano isigqibo ukunyanzela eRashiya ukufezekisa izibophelelo zayo. Kwelinye icala, Sergei Lavrov, Russian uMphathiswa Foreign, wathi Imemorandam zange ibe unesibophelelo Ukuqaphela yenzeka Ukraine, waba mdibi d'AFP. NgoDisemba 6, 2014, nxaxheba i "iCrimea Initiative" wabhengeza ukuba Ukraine baphule Budapest Imemorandam, ekubeni ngexesha lokusayina ulongamo beli lizwe abazange isicelo kwi-Republic of eCrimea, elo lizwe kunye ngokubanzi kangangeminyaka emininzi yaba lilungu le karhulumente Ukrainian ngokungekho mthethweni.

Njengoko ubona, ingxoxo malunga nobume kuxwebhu Disemba 5, 1994 ayigqitywanga musa kuse kule mini. Sikwazi ukulandela kuphela uphuhliso.