Asiriya - ngubani na ke? Inkcubeko, inkolo, imbali

Abantu Asiriya i inkcubeko umdla kunye nelifa enkulu zembali, nto leyo siyakhuselwa kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba urhulumente waseAsiriya yawa emva BC ngenkulungwane yesithandathu, olu hlanga usaqhubeka nangoku nokuphuhlisa. Oku, akukho mathandabuzo, isenzeko ufanelwe ukuxelelwa, kunye nabantu ungazi nto ngaloo nto. Asiriya - ngubani na ke? Phendula lo mbuzo akukho lula, kodwa siya kuzama ukwenza oko kweli nqaku.

Imbali karhulumente Asiriya

Ubukhosi Asiriya yaphela khona ngo-612, yaye ukususela ngoko olu hlanga, ebizwa yi-Asiriya, ophilileyo ngaphandle kokuba yimeko yabo. Ukuba sithethe zezabelo ngembali uhlanga, ukuba ibekwe kwi kummandla kweMilambo (ngoku Iraq). Umntu nje kuphela into iinzame ziye eyenziwe ngabantu waseAsiriya, kungekhona budibane, musa ndibachithachithe ehlabathini lonke, ukuba shwaka imaphu kazwelonke. Kwaye abazange - ngoku Abantu Asiriya abahlala eCaucasus, Tatarstan, Iraq, Turkey, i-United States kwaye igcina ukunxibelelana nabanye.

ubuzwe - Asiriya. Kodwa ummeli ngexesha elifanayo abantu abakwazi ukuba uhlanga baseAsiriya, ngenxa yokuba eli lizwe ayikho namhlanje.

Culture ubuzwe Asiriya

Inkcubeko, leyo unanamhla bayenza Asiriya, wazalwa yaye yasebenza ngexesha xa senkcubeko yoluntu maxa imvelaphi yayo. Ubukhosi Asiriya kwaqhubeka malunga namawaka amabini eminyaka, esi sixeko sakhelwe, ukudala izibonelelo zolawulo Sasisebenza irhafu. Le yenye iinkcubeko izityebi ehlabathini, kuba uye ngamava elide ikho. mpumelelo abaninzi ukuba sisebenzise, ndinyuke okanye asivulele yona, abantu mihla, i-Asiriya amandulo.

yokubhala

ingqalelo eyodwa kufuneka Asiriya ebhaliweyo. Lonke ulwazi malunga nobomi kunye nenkcubeko ixesha uluntu kwafika amacwecwe odongwe. kusetyenziswa ekuqaleni pictography (izinto umfanekiso, uhlobo lwabo wangaphandle). Ekubeni imizobo njengendlela yonxibelelwano kuthatha ixesha elide kakhulu, i ngakumbi lula, kodwa hayi aphenduke ngoonobumba. Ink impucuko yamandulo yaye yaxhasa udongwe, kodwa isixhobo yokubhala - stick elibukhali, uncwelwe iinkuni.

Tiles, apho ama-Asiriya amandulo wabhala ngokwazo kunye kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo, bese komiswa wadubula lo mbhalo alichatshazelwa ukufuma okanye ixesha.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba isikolo eyayikho eAsiriya. Ngexesha kumbiwa amacwecwe afunyanwa, leyo yayichongwe njenge "isixhobo abafundi yokufundisa." Ukuze ukufunda script efanayo wanikwa iminyaka emine. Kamva safumanisa ukuba nkqu yunivesithi ekwelaseMesopotami, mhlawumbi kuqala ngoluntu. Ngoko wafunda ukubhala, igrama kunye nokupeyinta. Ngelishwa, imiqondiso wasekhaya kunye neentetho azikhange zigcinwe. Izazinzulu lubonisa ukuba iithayile ziphathwa ngezandla angenzi. Kwaye ekugqibeleni muncu, hayi maphakathi ubudala ulwazi lwethu ezizodwa ngeendlela zokufundisa.

Yintoni ulwimi oluthethwayo Asiriya?

Ulwimi Asiriya ngumxube Eastern ngesiAram iziyelelane leyo etymologically bobabo usapho iilwimi Afro-Asia. Kule ulwimi oluthethwayo hayi kuphela Asiriya abahlala Iran, Turkey, Iraq neSiriya, kodwa abasuka kummandla weRashiya, eUnited States. ulwimi yoncwadi Asiriya kwasekwa kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Kuye yapapashwa kwaye ipapashwe yi-ndaba, iincwadi. Ngolwimi okhule amagama amaninzi amazwe.

Asiriya Mysterious: inkolo nokholo

Qala ibali kulo unqulo-Asiriya ivakala kangcono xa uyijonga ilejendi yeBhayibhile. Imonge, uhloniphe Asiriya. Inkolo baba nendawo nozuko, ngoko ke ibali yaziwa bonke. Undoqo yeyokuba omnye abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi, oweza usana uYesu izipho, kwaba obuzwe-Asiriya. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba uMesiya eneneni kuzelwe umntu ehlabathini, benza umlingo wabuyela kubantu bakhe yaye uye wathwala iindaba ezilungileyo wadala ummangaliso, kunye umsindisi ozelwe kuyo yonke imizi.

inkolo Asiriya uguqulelo okhethekileyo ubuKristu ebizwa Nestorian. Nantso indlela Asiriya bakholelwa ukuba. Ngubani na ke ukholo? Okunye oluchanekileyo ukubabiza ngokuthi ngamaKristu, kodwa ezikhethekileyo.

Ukuvela kwe Nestorians

Kwakukho kwicala zonqulo malunga kwenkulungwane yesihlanu. Le umnyibilikisi kuthathwa ukuba indela ogama Nestor yaye kamva uMphathi waseConstantinople. Isithuba wayebambe iminyaka emine, ukususela 428 kunyaka 431. Ngokuphathelele Nestorians njengonqulo, oko elithekelelwayo iimpawu ezininzi imfundiso Arius. Khumbula ukholo Arius akalahlwanga njengoko qhekeko yi-First zeformula liBhunga ngo-325, ukususela ulicekisile ngcamango kaYesu isithunywa sikaThixo. Kakade ke, lo Nestorian iye umahluko ezininzi nenkani, oko kukuthi, i-wesijikelezi-Yesu Kristu kungekhona kuThixo (ubuKristu) kwaye hayi nje umntu (bendlela), kodwa njengesidalwa, leyo ubuso babantu noThixo ngaphakathi. Okukhathazayo kukuba uYesu Kristu waba sisiqalo ezimbini: yobuthixo kwabantu, kwaye ngokulula yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye.

Ngokunxulumene iimbono ezinjalo uhlobo kaYesu Kristu, kwi Nestorians baphathwa ngenye kunye nomfanekiso kukanina kaThixo. Ibizwa Hristoroditsey ukunqula njengoko wenze Orthodox. Ngokubhekiselele amiswa, baye Nestorians idibane ngobhaptizo zemveli, ububingeleli, umthendeleko, izono. Ukongezelela koku, inkulu imfihlelo yona kule ukholo kuthathwa negwele engcwele umqondiso womnqamlezo.

Church Asiriya uyakuthanda zaso Thaddeus kunye Phawula Evangelist, leyo zabhalwa ngoxa eYerusalem. Unqulo baqhubeka ulwimi starosiriyskom. Icons eqingqiweyo emele abangcwele azikho izinto nomyalelo amabandla. Ababingeleli kwabefundisi unganikezelwanga, iCawa Asiriya Oku kubonisa ukutshata nokuba emva neliso.

intshutshiso

Ngomhla wesithathu zeformula Council Nestorianism ubunzima bebonke isiphelo sinye buhlungu njengoko ukholo Arius - wafunyanwa imbuka. Ukususela ngoko, i-Nestorians kuluntu oluhlala, iintloko ezaziwayo Catholicos-looSolusapho. Ngowe-1968, le mfundiso zahlulwe zibe izikolo ezibini, leyo ngokwahlukileyo zikhona unanamhla. Lokuqala esikolweni - iCawa uAsiriya, iziko apho, ngokumangalisayo, na US isimo Illinois. Okwesibini,-ebizwa ngoko Church Isixeko East, kuhlala Baghdad (Iraq).

Zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini:-Asiriya, bangoobani namhlanje?

Ukuya kummandla Russian-Asiriya yaqala emva 1918, xa kwabonakala: e Turkey ukuba nje batshatyalaliswe. Ukwamkelwa zihlelwe kakhulu eshushu, nto leyo ngenxa inxaxheba kwabantu leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi ecaleni yomkhosi Russian. Ngokubanzi, kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini yaba kwegazi ngenxa baseAsiriya, abo kabini ubandakanyeke empi kunye baseTurkey. Nangona uninzi Asiriya ukuba eziqhotyoshelwe amathemba iRussia njengoko ngokwakhe enguMsindisi wawo amaKristu East kwidyokhwe, yaye ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo. Baye wathembisa ukuzimela kunye namagunya ebanzi, kodwa xa yaphela imfazwe, imfuneko ukuzalisekisa izithembiso kakhulu libunile kungena kwisiqalo.

Malunga nesiqingatha Asiriya abahlala yoBukhosi Russian, wabulawa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ikota wabandezeleka ukusuka ingcinezelo nje kwamashumi ezimbalwa kamva. Ke iMfazwe Yehlabathi II weza 1941 ngomhla kummandla Russia, kwakhona wabulala Asiriya abaninzi ngaxhatha linye nezinye iintlanga alwa Fascism. Ke ekugqibeleni, ukugxothwa baseAsiriya eSiberia ngo-1949 kwakhokelela into yokuba isinye kwisithathu sabantu bonke abantu abafudukayo babulawa ebusika ilandelayo ngenxa yokungabikho iimpahla zobusika.

Ngowe-1956, baye bavunyelwa ukuba babuyele eCaucasus, kwilizwe lawo. Apho Asiriya aphile unanamhla. bangobani ezinjalo? Kutheni uhlala e Tatarstan, eCaucasus, Iraq, Turkey ne-United States? Indawo wabaleka, yaye ngoba? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo banikwa imbali, ngoku bazi abafundi bayo.