Assembly siseko ye-Russian Federation: nenqanaba ngokomGaqo-siseko kunye neyomthetho, ukwakheka, amagunya, isigqibo

UMgaqo-Russian Federation - umthetho engundoqo karhulumente Russian. Imiqathango yalo xwebhu ukubonelela uhlengahlengiso amanye amanqaku ayo. An inkqubo efanelekileyo kufuneka wenziwe inxaxheba weNdlu yoWiso-siseko. Yiyiphi imisebenzi yalo mzimba? Yintoni inkqubo wokuhlangana, umbutho weNdlu yoWiso-siseko, kwakunye nesigqibo isakhiwo karhulumente?

Yintoni indima kwiNdibano yoMgaqo-nkqubo kwamandla karhulumente?

Okokuqala, makhe siqwalasele indima yenza le COP kwi inkqubo yezopolitiko Russia.

Assembly siseko fanele kudidi lommeli Izidumbu ngamandla kwe-Russian Federation kwaye ngaxeshanye amagunya umlinganiswa wabavoti woluntu. Lo mzimba, nto leyo eyinxalenye yenkqubo kwezopolitiko Russia, iye oogxa kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo angamelwa, umzekelo, iindibano abasemthethweni okanye kwiindibano.

Lo mthombo uphambili mthetho, njengako apho eRashiya isebenza umzimba ezifana yoWiso-siseko, umgaqo-siseko kanye karhulumente. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba Russian Law Basic umisela isakhiwo ekuthethwa phantsi komthetho-siseko eyahlukileyo federal, ethe nje zamkelwe kwi Russian Federation.

Assembly siseko - umzimba, ngokungqinelana nomthetho, nto leyo kodwa kufuneka yamkelwe, iya ukuhlanganiswa ukuba isindululo uhlengahlengiso kwamagatya ebekwe phantsi kwiSahluko 1.2 no-9 lo mthombo uphambili mthetho eRashiya, ziya kuxhaswa yi 3/5 seevoti abameli yeBhunga Federation, nakuRhulumente Duma.

Cinga amagunya ezingundoqo, nto leyo, ngokungqinelana nomthetho ingaqatshelwa ubume bamandla.

Amagunya eNdibano siseko

Ezi ziquka:

• nasekuziqiniseni kwam rhoqo yomthetho esisiseko Russia;
• uphuhliso kunye nokwamkelwa-siseko omtsha we kaRhulumente;
• Ukuwiswa idrafti yomthetho IsiRashiya ukuya ivoti ethandwayo;
• ukuzimisela kwe-siseko ukuze karhulumente ungena force.

La magunya, Noko ke, isakhiwo ekuthethwa uya kuba nelungelo lokuthengisa amandla kuphela xa, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, ziya kwamkelwa yi isenzo kwezomthetho ekusekeni inkqubo yezemfundo COP.

Kakade ke, imigudu ukuba amkele umthetho kwi ndibano siseko kwimbali eRussia. Designs yalo mthombo mthetho eqaliswe iinkokeli yezopolitiko kule minyaka 90 no-2000. Ngo-2012, uMongameli Russian wayalela amaqumrhu bakhe owayamileyo ukuba zingenise izindululo malunga ukulungiselela isenzo zasemthethweni ezifanelekileyo kunokudenda.

Ukuba sithethe malunga edume lo mthetho uqulunqwayo phezu kwebandla siseko, singakwazi ukwahlula isigama esiphakanyiswa Gennadiem Zyuganovym, Vyacheslav Zvolinsky, uViktor Alksnis kunye Sergey Baburin, Vyacheslav Volodin, Sergei Kovalev. Project UYevgeny Fedorov kunye Anton Romanov yaziwa. Makhe sifunde ngeempawu la magama ngokubanzi.

Lo mthetho uqulunqwayo kwintlanganiso Zyuganov siseko

Idrafti kuhanjiswe ingxoxo kwi State Duma ngoMatshi 1997. Ngokuhambelana kunye nale sithembiso:

• zifakwe kwi intloko COP karhulumente, iBhunga Federation, State Duma namasekela, abameli Elawulayo karhulumente, abagwebi RF weNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, kwakunye SAC;
• abameli beemanyano zabasebenzi.

Bekucingelwa ukuba arhente zikarhulumente ingqalelo liya ukuphumeza imisebenzi yayo eMoscow. Ngokungqinelana ne nengqiqo phantsi neemanyano ingqalelo banikwa ilungelo ukuba batyumbe amalungu eNdibano neqela ngumntu omnye lwentlangano ngalinye.

Co-Izitulo ye-COP babeza kuba yintloko Federation zeBhunga kunye uDuma State. Bekucingelwa ukuba inkxaso-mali ye-Constitutional Assembly kufuneka wenziwe ngeendleko mali federal karhulumente. Ngokutsho projekthi phantsi ingqalelo, COP isicatshulwa idraft ukuba ipapashwe ngoko nangoko, kwaye nixoxe oko ukuqhagamshela abemi kunye ezahlukeneyo nemibutho ngonxibelelwano yokukhawulelana nemeko yethutyana ikomiti ukudraftwa COP.

Umthetho umthetho Assembly siseko Zvolinsky

concept Izincomo yaqaliswa ukulungiselela ingxoxo kwi State Duma ngoJuni 1998. Ngokuhambelana kunye nayo intloko karhulumente, abameli Federation yeBhunga, uRhulumente Duma, inkulumbuso, intloko weNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko, omkhosi, i-SAC, kwakunye nabameli kwimimandla Russian babeza kuba iindwendwe kwiNdibano siseko. Kulo mzekelo, ezo zifundo ze-Russian Federation kufuneka ithunyelwe kwiNdibano siseko we-Russian Federation kwi mali of Representatives:

• abantu 5 ukusuka kummandla ngamnye elinabemi abemi million 1;
• abantu 10, ukuba abantu abangaphezulu kwesigidi esi-1 Angema kulaa mmandla;
• iindwendwe 15 ukusuka St. Petersburg, no-20 - ukusuka eMoscow.

Ingcinga luthatha ukuba nendawo yeentlanganiso COP wayezimisele ngokungqinelana ummiselo uMongameli we-Russian Federation.

Njengokuba kuphawuliwe kwezinye iingcali, i-COP ingqalelo uyilo zange ziquka amalungiselelo apho kufuneka kuphuhliswa RF siseko. Ngokusisiseko, le ngcamango kulawulwa imiba lokuququzelela-sikhokelo yokusekwa yoWiso-siseko.

project Volodin phezu umthetho weNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko

Le nto iye yaziswa ukuba ingxoxo kwi State Duma ngoJuni 2000. Oku kubandakanya oku kulandelayo: iNdibano Yomgaqo-siseko IiNtloko zoMbuso kunye nabameli Federation yeBhunga, abagwebi Russian weNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, sihlalo we omkhosi kunye SAC. Kwathiwa Kucetyiswa ukuba yinxalenye COP abathunywa Duma 100 ziza kwabelwa. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka zibonise ukwakhiwa indlu esezantsi epalamente, ngokwemiqathango imibutho esepalamente, kwakunye nenani zamasekela abonyulwe iindidi ezimbini kwizithili - federal nabangatshatanga-nogunyaziso. , Ke, kwafuneka ukuba Intloko kaRhulumente Duma ube yinxalenye yale COP.

Umongameli Russian Kwakhona ukuba onyule 100 amalungu eNdibano neqela - abemi Russian kunye nemfundo yomthetho ephakamileyo kunye nezakhono eziyimfuneko. Iziphakamiso igqiza yeNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko ka mongameli zabemi Russian Federation 'kwafuneka enze intloko karhulumente kunye nabasemagunyeni karhulumente ezithile, imibutho yoluntu, izakhiwo yesayensi neyokufundisa.

Bekucingelwa ukuba okubhaliweyo idrafti yomthetho esisiseko karhulumente, kuphuhliswa yiNdibano siseko, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni le ncwadi ngokukhawuleza, yaye kamva - ingxoxo kunye inxaxheba yabemi kunye nemibutho yoluntu. Unomdla kulo mntu ukuba ithunyelwe kwiNdibano siseko, umzimba urhulumente unoxanduva zokwamkelwa umthetho oluhlaziyiweyo ezisisiseko lizwe, izindululo yayo ingaphelanga inyanga 1 ukususela kumhla zokwamkelwa soyilo siseko.

Uhlola ingqikelelo iinkqubo ecetywayo nokukhutshwa mthetho uqulunqwayo kwi-zimvo karhulumente.

Kovalev zomthetho kwi-Project weNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko

Le projekthi icetywayo nguRhulumente Duma ngoSeptemba 2000. Wacebisa oku kulandelayo:

• iNdibano yezomGaqo ngabantu 450, abonyulwe yi abemi Russian Federation ngu nevoti ngqo;
• COP kufuneka bahlangane eMoscow;
• amalungu COP onyulwa izithili dvumandatnym - ngokungqinelana nemithetho lomfanekiso abemi;
• UMgaqo-siseko kufuneka ukuba athathwe ngaphakathi zilinganiso 4;
• Ulwamkelo komthetho esisiseko lingaphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa zimvo.

Project Alksnis kunye Baburin komthetho kwi kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko

Idrafti kuhanjiswe ingxoxo kwi State Duma ngoNovemba 2007. wamema Ababhali ukuba ukuthatha indawo yeNdibano neqela kwi ubume ngabanye:

• UMongameli Russian Federation;
• abameli njengabantu abaphethe iingingqi Russian kwiBhunga Federation;
• Duma State;
• amalungu kaRhulumente Chamber of the Russian Federation.

Xa umntu ezo zinto ziqwetyelwe ecetywayo, nenokuthi inxaxheba kumsebenzi weNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko, ngaphandle amalungelo okuvota. ezizezi:

• amalungu kaRhulumente;
• iinkokheli zemimandla;
• abagwebi iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko we-Russian Federation ngemipu Forces, SAC;
• Umtshutshisi Jikelele Russian Federation;
• abameli zamaqela ezopolitiko.

Bekucingelwa ukuba COP kufuneka iqokelelwe kwi nayiphi na kwizixeko ezibalulekileyo federal - ngokungqinelana ummiselo eyahlukileyo likaRhulumente Duma. Uyilo wacebisa ukuze sikuzuze ukwenziwa komthetho esisiseko urhulumente kwi yobuchule kuphela umzimba ezifana yoWiso-siseko ye-Russian Federation. Oko kukuthi, ukuba nokubekwa uyilo siseko kwi lwezimvo kufuneka kwenziwe.

Siye saxubusha umthetho osaqulunqwayo kwiNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko ukuze yezizathu ezahlukeneyo wayengazamkeli epalamente. Makhe bafunde oko kungaba.

Izizathu ukwaliwa idrafti COP

Ngokutsho kweengcali, umba ophambili yingxaki ye zokwamkelwa umthetho kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko - ukumisela imigaqo lokusekwa ehambelana igunya. Kuye kwasekwa iingongoma ezimbini saa kakhulu umbono.

Ngokutsho yokuqala, kuyimfuneko oko ukuqinisekisa uthatho-nxaxheba kakhulu esebenzayo abemi kwimisebenzi yoWiso-siseko. Ngokutsho imbono yesibini COP indima ephambili ukuba idlalwe, kuqala, abantu kwinqanaba eyimfuneko lobungcali kunye nobuchule.

Ngoko ke, eyona yedemokhrasi kule ndlela, le projekthi iza kuthathwa ingqiqo Kovalev, apho iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko lenzeka inxaxheba kwabathunywa 450 anyulwe ngabemi. Ngenxa yoko, lo mthetho uqulunqwayo kwi iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, esiphakanyiswa Volodin, wacebisa ukuba izigqibo eziphambili yoWiso-siseko uza abantu abanamava kwi eziphambili izikhundla karhulumente.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokwaneleyo a COP bahlangabezane ukubunjwa ecetywayo Zvolinsky apho indima enkulu kwimisebenzi igunya elifanelekileyo uya kuthatha amanyathelo iinkokeli zezopolitiko, kodwa COP nazo zibandakanya abameli abasuka kwiingingqi, nabaqeshwe kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwabantu Russian Federation.

Ngoko ke, ngethuba iingxoxo intraparliamentary 90 no-2000 akaphumelelanga ukusombulula umbuzo wokuba ngubani na yinxalenye yeNdibano neqela njengoko nokubunjwa kwayo luqokelelane ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa ingokufumana ukulingana phakathi kwamaziko lwentando iinkqubo COP, kwakunye nobuchwepheshe abathunywa bayo.

Enye ngxoxo indawo ekuxoxweni kwawo amathemba ukwenziwa komthetho kwi iNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko - indima yeNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko. Inyaniso kukuba lo mzimba, ngokungqinelana noMthetho esisiseko esemthethweni yomGaqo-Russian, kukho uluhlu olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo amagunya ngokwemimiselo utoliko-siseko phantsi kwesikhokelo zokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Ngale ndlela, ukusekwa kwiqumrhu ezichaseneyo kwiNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko kwinqanaba lesebe elimele urhulumente ungenza ukungalingani ebalulekileyo ukwabiwa kwamandla kumasebe ahlukeneyo.

Assembly, ukuze ngaloo ndlela babe isakhiwo sikarhulumente ekhuphisana nayo iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko malunga nokutolikwa imiqathango yomthetho esisiseko, nangona okuthiwa enika COP imisebenzi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo - ezo eziquka ukwenza zilungiso aluncedo-siseko kaRhulumente. Oko kukuthi, ulungiso okubhaliweyo yomthetho esisiseko lizwe, yaqalwa yiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, kungakuhle ukuba ukuthethana ngandlel ne-Russian weNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, kuthathelwe ingqalelo indawo malunga nokutolikwa nemigaqo ekhoyo. Kodwa practice, indlela kufuneka zibonelelwe emthethweni iNdibano siseko. Akulula ukwenza, njengoko amasebe nemithetho neenkundla kwakunye norhulumente womelo, enyanisweni, ngenxa amagatya langoku isenzo engundoqo yomthetho karhulumente, kufuneka senze ngokuzimeleyo.

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukusekwa umthetho eyahlukileyo iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko kufuneka alawule ngaphandle amathuba elisekungeneni ngakwicala nxaxheba abohlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, lo umyalelo lokusekwa yoWiso-siseko kufuneka kufakelwe ezinjalo ukuba elubala ukuba ulawulo loluntu kunye yepalamente. Kodwa apha, kwakhona, ebuza kwemida ye ezibalulekileyo ezimbini - ukomeleza indima inxaxheba abemi COP okanye enika igunya ngaphezu kwabo ukuthatha izigqibo ngqo kumsebenzi weNdlu yoWiso-siseko. Ukuba ugxininiso luya kuba phezu indlela yokuqala, amathuba kunciphisa yokufikela, kodwa kwakhona ukunciphisa umgangatho lokufundiswa ngezenzo zomthetho eyamkelwa COP. Kwimeko yesibini, imeko umva kunokwenzeka.

Ngoko ke, uphuhliso siseko woMthetho weNkundla ibamba imiba emininzi kwaye ebalulekileyo impikiswano. Amathuba ukusonjululwa kwazo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi - ubukhulu becala izikhundla eziphambili zezepolitiki leyo bafumane amandla abo unyulo, isiphumo nto leyo, ukuqingqa abemi ukuba bavote.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba Duma State iye zakhatywa zikhatyiwe Umthetho osaqulunqwayo iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, amanani yezopolitiko ziye zaqhubeka ukujongana nomba wophuhliso umthombo efanelekileyo yomthetho. Phakathi iiprojekthi edume kokupapashwa umthetho kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko - uxwebhu kuye kwandululwa Evgeniem Fedorovym kunye Anton Romanov. Eli phulo liye yazuza ilula ithandwa ngokubanzi. Siza kufunda ngayo ngokweenkcukacha.

kwi uyilo uMthetho kwi iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko Fedorov and Romanov

Le projekthi icetywayo sengxoxo Septemba 2015. Ehambelana Ingcamango yokumisa ubume yoWiso-siseko we-Russian Federation, engendlela yokubiza nokusetyenziswa.

Lo Mthetho osaYilwayo yenziwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo imiqathango Art. 134 no-135 loMgaqo-siseko Russian. Amanqaku yomthetho esisiseko urhulumente wathi xa abasemagunyeni abanobuchule kufumana iziphakamiso uhlengahlengiso kwezibonelelo 1, 2 okanye 9 izahluko-siseko, kwakunye ukuba eli phulo liza kuxhaswa 3/5 ngevoti abameli yeNdibano Federal kunye State Duma, ke, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, kuya ebezibanjwe libandla siseko. Siseko kunye osemthethweni ngobume kwabasemagunyeni abachaphazelekayo lichazwa ngaloo ndlela kube imithetho ekhoyo, kodwa practice, eyasekwa yi-COP ufuna ukwamkela umthetho eyahlukileyo.

Uyilo wacebisa ukuba COP kufuneka akhokele uMongameli we-Russian Federation. Inqaku enengcaciso kwi amaxwebhu afanelekileyo ziqulethe iinkqubo Izicatshulwa wamkelwe kuphuhliso siseko Russian, kwakunye yokuvota ngawo sikhokelo isakhiwo karhulumente mbuzo.

Project Fedorov ne Romanov ukwenzela uphuhliso COP umthetho, impendulo abasemagunyeni '

Njengoko abasemagunyeni baye basabela isinyathelo nosaziwayo ezopolitiko?

Lo mthetho oyilwayo evela Fedorov kunye Romanov kwapheleliswa ingxelo evela kuRhulumente. Ngelo abameli ngexesha elinye leKhabhinethi yaBaphathiswa iqwalasela le mbono ayixhaswanga. Ngokukodwa, amagosa bavakalelwa ukuba kwinguqulelo komthetho ocetywayo yi Fedorov kunye Romanov, iNdibano neqela unelungelo ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ibe negunya okwethutyana yokusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko amalungu karhulumente, kungekhona isicombululo ophezulu kakhulu ukuze kubonwe kuyimfuneko ukuqeshwa nguMongameli Russian Federation ukuba kwisikhundla sokuba nguSihlalo yeNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko ngesizathu sokuba uMgaqo-siseko Russian akuthethi ukunika amagunya kuMongameli.

Umthetho osaqulunqwayo kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko zilamkele izimvo ezivela abameli State Duma. Njengoko ekuthini ezinye amasekela, umthombo komthetho, umthetho uza kuthatha isigqibo, njengoko kufuneka ibizwe yiNdlu yoWiso-siseko, nenqanaba ngokomGaqo-siseko kunye yomthetho ngesakhiwo karhulumente kufuneka athathwe ngaphambi ngaphezu unyulo kuRhulumente Duma ngo-2016. Ngokutsho kwabasemagunyeni, oku kubangelwe amathuba hlengiso elibalulekileyo ukuvela kweempembelelo zopolitiko endlwini asezantsi epalamente Russia emva konyulo.

Kunjalo, ngokutsho abezopolitiko, ukungabikho komthetho kwi iNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko - isikhewu ebaluleke kakhulu imithetho Russian Federation. Lo mthombo efanelekileyo yomthetho, njengoko amalungu epalamente okholelwa ukuba yamkelwe.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izimvo ukubonakala apha ekuhambeni kwencoko ukuba amaphulo uphuhliso umthetho iNdibano siseko - umba ayikho ungxamisekile. Indlela yokubala ezinye abasemagunyeni, ukwamkelwa yayo ngenene ukuzama nokuhlaziya imimiselo yoMgaqo-siseko ekhoyo ye-lizwe, nto leyo efunekayo xa nqanaba langoku uphuhliso lwezopolitiko yaseRashiya.

Ukwachaphazela kunye ingqiqo, ngokwendlela echaza iwonga, amagunya eNdibano siseko, kokulahlwa ePalamente. Kude kube ngoku, i-Russian Federation, ngaloo ndlela bengathabathanga umthetho amanyathelo ekufuneka ukuphumeza imisebenzi yalo igunya elifanelekileyo.

isishwankathelo

Ngoko ke, wabancina iimpawu kunye namagunya kwisakhiwo karhulumente njengoko kwiNdibano siseko, ubume kulo mzimba. COP, nakubeni ukusebenza kwayo inikwa umthetho esisiseko welizwe ide ayikwazi kuzinza ngesizathu sokuba isenzo esemthethweni federal iye yamkelwa eRashiya, nto leyo ebonisa engendlela yokubiza kwaye umbutho we-arhente karhulumente afanelekileyo. Kwelinye icala, oko ubonelela yophuhliso siseko Russian Federation.

Abezopolitiko ezahlukeneyo kokuqala iiprojekthi ezininzi Federal Law siseko kwi kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko. Baye kwenziwa kwi ingxoxo kwi State Duma, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo wayengazamkeli amalungu epalamente.

Imfuno imvume yomthetho olawula ukusebenza umzimba ezifana yoWiso-siseko, ukwakheka, indlela intlanganiso izakhiwo zikarhulumente, kwakunye ukwamkelwa kwamalungu izigqibo zayo uxanduva, uyagxininisa ezopolitiko ezininzi. Noko ke, abanye abameli urhulumente ixhase ngenye indlela. Ngoko ke, kukho indawo, ngokungqinelana ne apho yokuzilungiselela umthetho siseko federal kwi iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukususela ukwamkelwa yayo, enyanisweni, ukuze kuthetha ukuba urhulumente ufuna ukuqalisa utshintsho-siseko okhoyo Russian.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umyalelo imfuneko yokuphuhlisa kumthombo efanelekileyo yomthetho yaqaliswa ngo-2012, umongameli Russia. Ngoko ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba abasemagunyeni abanobuchule ke kodwa ukuba umthetho kwixesha elizayo kwangoku.